Preoperative coagulation screening tests in pediatric patients: Clinical relevance and hemorrhagic outcomes of abnormal results.

PURPOSE: Coagulation screening tests in children are still frequently performed in many countries to evaluate bleeding risk. The aim of this study was to assess the management of unexpected prolongations of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombine time (PT) in children prior to elective surgery, and the perioperative hemorrhagic outcomes. METHODS: Children with prolonged APTT and/or PT who attended a preoperative anesthesia consultation from January 2013 to December 2018 were included. Patients were grouped according to whether they were referred to a Hematologist or were scheduled to undergo surgery without further investigation. The primary endpoint was to compare perioperative bleeding complications. RESULTS: 1835 children were screened for eligibility. 102 presented abnormal results (5.6%). Of them, 45% were referred to a Hematologist. Significant bleeding disorders were associated with a positive bleeding history, odds ratio of 51 (95% CI 4.8-538.5, P=.0011). No difference in perioperative hemorrhagic outcomes were found between the groups. An additional cost of 181 euros per patient and a preoperative median delay of 43 days was observed in patients referred to Hematology. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that hematology referral has limited value in asymptomatic children with a prolonged APTT and/or PT. Hemorrhagic complications were similar among patients referred and not referred to Hematology. A positive personal or family bleeding history can help identify patients with a higher bleeding risk, thus it should guide the need for coagulation testing and hematology referral. Further efforts should be made to standardize preoperative bleeding assessments tools in children.

Percepción de las competencias docentes en ciencias de la actividad física y el deporte / Perception of Teaching Competences in Sciences of Physical Activity and Sports

Se pretende analizar las mejoras significativas en la percepción de las competencias docentes en Educación Física. Se lleva a cabo una intervención basada en el Modelo de Autoeficacia docente de Bandura (1986) y el estatuto del co-sujeto Not (1987), en la asignatura de Procesos de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje curso 2018-2019 (Grado de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, UCLM). Se utiliza un método descriptivo, cuantitativo, correlacional y de carácter transversal, participan 104 estudiantes (74 chicos y 30 chicas). Se hallan expectativas de logro, sin distinción de sexo, en el desempeño de las competencias docentes: potencial creativo con apoyo institucional, dominio técnico didáctico y personalidad activa con capacidad didáctica metacognitiva. Se llega a la conclusión de que es posible modificar las perspectivas de actuación en la acción docente dando prioridad a la evolución personal y profesional de los futuros docentes, independientemente del sexo y del rol que ejerce la sociedad. Línea pionera de investigación en la que se necesita profundizar. (AU)

The aim is to analyze the significant improvements in the perception of the teaching competences in Physical Education. An intervention is carried out based on the Model of Teacher Self-efficacy of Bandura (1986) and the status of co-subject Not (1987), in the subject of Teaching-Learning Processes course 2018-2019 (Degree of Physics Activity and Sports Sciences, UCLM). A descriptive, quantitative, correlational and cross-sectional method is used, involving 104 students (74 boys and 30 girls). There are expectations of achievement, without distinction of sex, in the performance of teaching competences: creative potential with institutional support, didactic technical mastery and active personality with metacognitive didactic ability. So it is possible to modify the perspectives in the teaching action of future teachers, giving priority to the personal and professional evolution, regardless of sex and the role played by society. New line of research in which it is necessary to deepen. (AU)

Impacto clínico del estroncio y del zinc en los procesos de regeneración ósea y del cartílago, aproximación desde la biología hacia la clínica. Revisión de literatura / Clinical impact of strontium and zinc on bone and cartilage regeneration processes, an approach from biology to the clinic. Literature review

Muchos trastornos sistémicos como la artritis o la osteoporosis son patologías responsables de las alteraciones crónicas de la articulación temporomandibular, creando así un problema a largo plazo que afectan la calidad de vida de aquellas personas que las padecen. Actualmente no existe tratamiento curativo para dichas patologías, aunque sí de tipo paliativo, que en muchas ocasiones tienen efectos secundarios en el tiempo o una limitación en su efectividad y eficacia, por lo que se hace necesario buscar alternativas con la implementación de terapias regenerativas para el tratamiento de aquellas enfermedades que afectan el sistema musculoesquelético. En muchos estudios se discute sobre el papel fundamental que cumple el zinc y el estroncio en la génesis de tejido tanto cartilaginoso como óseo, así como la relevancia de incorporarlos con diversos biomateriales en procedimientos de regeneración, sin embargo, este tema no es claro aún y requieren más aten- ción por parte del clínico. El objetivo de este artículo es determinar la función cumplen el zinc y el estroncio en los procesos de regeneración del hueso y el cartílago desde una visión molecular y celular aplicada a la práctica clínica, con el fin de obtener nuevas alternativas en el tratamiento de diversas patologías y alteraciones musculoesqueléticas que mejoren las condiciones de salud oral de los pacientes, además de, contar con la revisión que nos aproxime a comprender los mecanismos de acción de diferentes moléculas que incorporadas a los biomateriales compatibles con el tejido duro y blando mejoren las condiciones biológicas para la regeneración.

Many systemic disorders such as arthritis or osteoporosis are pathologies responsible of temporomandibular joint chronic dysfunctions, thus creating a long-term problem that affects life ́s quality of those who suffer from them. Currently there is no curative treatment for these pathologies, although there is a palliative treatment, which in many cases have side effects over time or a limitation in their effectiveness and efficacy, so it is necessary to look for alternatives with the implementation of regenerative therapies for treatment of those diseases that affect musculoskeletal system. In many studies the fundamental role of zinc and strontium in genesis of both cartilaginous and bone tissue is discussed, as well as the relevance of incorporating them with various biomaterials in regeneration procedures, however, this issue is not clear yet and requires more attention from the clinician. The objective of this article is to determine function of zinc and strontium in regeneration processes of bone and cartilage from a molecular and cellular perspective applied to clinical practice, in order to obtain new alternatives in the treatment of various pathologies and musculoskeletal alterations that improve the oral health conditions of patients. In addition, this review brings us closer to understanding the mechanisms of action of different molecules that when incorporated into biomaterials compatible with hard and soft tissue improve the biological conditions for the regeneration.

Outcomes of an enhanced recovery after radical cystectomy program in a prospective multicenter study: compliance and key components for success.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program on complications and length of stay (LOS) after radical cystectomy (RC) and to assess if the number and type of components of ERAS play a key role on the decrease of surgical morbidity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the data of 277 patients prospectively recruited in 11 hospitals undergoing RC initially managed according to local practice (Group I) and later within an ERAS program (Group II). Two main outcomes were defined: 90-day complications rate and LOS. As secondary variables we studied 90-day mortality, 30-day readmission and transfusion rate. RESULTS: Patients in Group II had a higher use of ERAS measures (98.6%) than those in Group I (78.2%) (p < 0.05). Patients in Groups I and II experienced similar complications (70.5% vs. 66%, p = 0.42). LOS was not different between Groups I and II (12.5 and 14 days, respectively, p = 0.59). The risk of having any complication decreases for patients having more than 15 ERAS measures adopted [RR = 0.815; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.667-0.996; p = 0.045]. Avoidance of transfusion and nasogastric tube, prevention of ileus, early ambulation and a fast uptake of a regular diet are independently associated with the absence of complications. CONCLUSIONS: Complications and LOS after RC were not modified by the introduction of an ERAS program. We hypothesize that at least 15 measures should be applied to maximize the benefit of ERAS.

Síndrome nefrítico agudo asociado a infección por 'Mycoplasma pneumoniae' / Acute nephritic syndrome associated with infection by 'Mycoplasma pneumoniae’

Introducción: La causa más frecuente de síndrome nefrítico en la edad pediátrica es la glomerulonefritis aguda postinfecciosa (GNAP), siendo el Streptococcus pyogenes el germen implicado con más frecuencia. Aparece tras un periodo de latencia desde la infección. Sin embargo, en la glomerulonefritis aguda (GNA) asociada a infección aparecen la infección y la clínica de manera simultánea. Presentamos un caso de síndrome nefrítico asociado a infección por Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp). Caso clínico: Niño de 7 años, tratado con amoxicilina-clavulánico a causa de una neumonía, que acudió a urgencias por macrohematuria. Presentaba una presión arterial de 107/71 mmHg, crepitantes en el hemitórax derecho, sin hipoxemia, edema ni otros sangrados. La orina era de color marrón, con hematuria, un 37% de hematíes dismórficos, un 5% de acantocitos y proteinuria moderada. Presentaba cifras de creatinina de 0,56 mg/dL, urea de 36 mg/dL, proteína C reactiva de 4,26 mg/dL y procalcitonina de 0,15 ng/mL. Se confirmó la neumonía de base derecha en la radiografía de tórax, y en el estudio inmunológico el C3 estaba disminuido (20,9 mg/dL). La positividad de IgM para Mp hizo que este agente fuera la causa más probable de la neumonía. Se continuó con tratamiento antibiótico y se le recomendó a la paciente la restricción hidrosalina y el reposo. Se controló en la consulta de nefrología hasta la desaparición de la macrohematuria y la proteinuria. Tras 10 semanas se comprobó la normalización del C3 y la disminución de la creatinina plasmática a 0,41 mg/dL, con persistencia de la microhematuria. Conclusión: La GNA asociada a la neumonía es rara, y más aún por Mp, pero tiene un buen pronóstico al igual que la GNAP postestreptocócica (AU)

Introduction: The most common cause of nephritic syndrome in childhood is acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis (APGN), being Streptococcus pyogenes the most involved infectious agent. It appears after a latent period from infection. However, in acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) infection-associated, infection and renal injury appear simultaneously. In the case of not having histological diagnosis after renal biopsy, we discuss acute nephritic syndrome. We report a case of acute nephritic syndrome associated with infection by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp). Case report: The patient is a 7-year-old boy treated with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid for pneumonia, who was admitted as an emergency with macrohematuria. He showed arterial tension 107/71 mmHg, crepitation in the right hemithorax without hypoxemia, without edema or other hemorrhages. Urine was reddish, with hematuria, 37% of dysmorphic red blood cells and 5% of acanthocytes and moderate proteinuria. Creatinine was 0.56 mg/dL and urea 36 mg/dL, PCR 4.26 mg/dL and PCT 0.15 ng/mL. Pneumonia was confirmed on the right base of the lung in a chest X-ray and, in the immunological study, C3 was reduced (20.9 mg/dL). IgM positivity Mp made that this was the most likely cause of pneumonia. The antibiotic treatment was maintained with hydrosaline restriction and rest. The patient was monitored by the Department of Nephrology until the macrohematuria and proteinuria disappeared. 10 weeks later, normal C3 levels are observed, together with a reduction of plasmatic creatinine to 0.41 mg/dL and persistence of microhematuria. Conclusion: AGN secondary to pneumonia is a rare condition, and even more so when it is caused by Mp, but it has a good prognosis, like post-streptococcal APGN (AU)

Efectos del droperidol y el ondansetrón en la dispersión de la repolarización ventricular: un estudio clínico aleatorizado, doble ciego en pacientes adultos anestesiados / Effects of droperidol and ondansetron on dispersion of ventricular repolarization: a randomized double-blind clinical study in anesthetized adult patients

Introducción y objetivo. El droperidol y el ondansetrón prolongan el intervalo QT, lo que ha generado dudas sobre la posibilidad de que pudieran inducir arritmias como la torsades de pointes (TdP). Sin embargo, se ha demostrado que no es la prolongación del QT sino la dispersión espacial de la repolarización ventricular el principal sustrato arritmogénico para el desarrollo de TdP. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar los efectos del droperidol y el ondansetrón en la dispersión de la repolarización a través de la medida del intervalo T-peak-to-end (Tp-e) y los cocientes Tp-e/QT y Tp-e/RR1/2 en pacientes quirúrgicos anestesiados. Métodos. Estudio doble ciego en 63 adultos sin cardiopatía o factores que favorecen la prolongación del intervalo QT, sometidos a cirugía no cardiaca asignados aleatoriamente a 2 grupos: droperidol u ondansetrón. Durante la anestesia con propofol se realizó un ECG de 12 derivaciones, posteriormente se inyectaron 1,25 mg de droperidol o 4 mg de ondansetrón y 5 min después se obtuvo un nuevo ECG. El análisis de los ECG fue realizado independientemente por 2 cardiólogos que desconocían el momento del registro y el fármaco administrado. Los intervalos QT, RR y Tp-e se midieron como promedio de 5 latidos sucesivos en la derivación II (QT) o V5 (Tp-e). Se calculó el valor medio para cada medida en el análisis estadístico. Resultados. Recibieron droperidol 32 pacientes (19 mujeres) y ondansetrón 31 (22 mujeres). Ambos fármacos prolongaron el intervalo QTcF (fórmula Fridericia) un promedio 6,8 y 7,2 ms, respectivamente, pero ninguno aumentó el intervalo Tp-e o los cocientes Tp-e/QT y Tp-e/RR1/2. Conclusión. A dosis antieméticas, ni el ondansetrón ni el droperidol aumentan la dispersión de la repolarización ventricular en pacientes adultos sanos anestesiados con propofol (AU)

Background and objective. Droperidol and ondansetron prolong QT interval, a circumstance that has raised some concerns regarding the possibility of inducing torsades de pointes (TdP). However drug-induced spatial dispersion of ventricular repolarization has been shown to be the principal arrhythmogenic substrate for TdP. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of droperidol and ondansetron on the dispersion of repolarization, measured using the T peak-to-end interval (Tp-e) and Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/RR1/2 ratios in surgical anesthetized patients. Methods. A randomized, double-blind study carried out on sixty-three adult patients without cardiac disease or factors favoring QT prolongation and undergoing non-cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to the droperidol or ondansetron group. Under propofol anesthesia, a 12-lead EKG was obtained, and 1.25 mg droperidol or 4 mg ondansetron was injected. Five minutes later, a new 12-lead EKG was recorded. EKG analyses were independently performed by two cardiologists blinded to the state of the traces or group allocation. QT, RR and Tp-e intervals were measured by averaging five successive beats in lead II (QT) or V5 (Tp-e). The mean value for each measurement was calculated for statistical analysis. Results. Thirty-two patients (19 women) received droperidol, and 31 (22 women) ondansetron. Droperidol and ondansetron prolonged the QTcF interval (Fridericia formula) by 6.8 and 7.2 ms (mean values) respectively, but neither droperidol nor ondansetron increased the Tp-e interval or Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/RR1/2 ratios. Conclusion. At antiemetic doses, neither ondansetron (4 mg) nor droperidol (1.25 mg) increases the dispersion of ventricular repolarization in healthy adult patients anesthetized with propofol (AU)

Percepción de las competencias profesionales del docente de educación física en primaria y secundaria / Primary and secundary school physical education teachers’ beliefs

El estudio ha tenido el propósito de analizar el conocimiento de la percepción de las competencias profesionales que tiene el profesor de educación física en primaria y secundaria, como uno de los aspectos que determinan la identidad de la educación física como materia escolar, para dar respuesta al análisis del estado de la educación física desde esta perspectiva. Participaron 119 docentes de Castilla-La Mancha de primaria y secundaria, a los que se les aplicó parte de la "Escala de Percepción de la eficacia de los docentes"; concretamente las preguntas referidas a la percepción sobre las competencias docentes que tienen los profesores; diseñado y validado por el grupo de investigación (GIEEAFyD-UAM), liderado por Hernández et al., (2010). Los resultados muestran que los profesores de primaria se perciben más competentes que los profesores de secundaria en la gestión/organización de la clase y en el conocimiento didáctico de la enseñanza; las diferencias son significativas en la percepción del dominio del contenido de enseñanza y no se hallan diferencias en la capacidad de liderazgo y de relación con otros agentes (AU)

The study has analyzed physical education teachers’ self-perception of their professional competences in primary and secondary school, as one of the aspects that determines physical education identity as a school subject. The main purpose of the analysis is to review the status of physical education from this perspective. 119 primary and secondary school teachers from Castilla-La Mancha took part in the study, which applied part of the Scale of Perception of Teachers´ Efficiency, designed and validated by the research group GIEEAFyD-UAM (Hernández et al. 2010), and, more specifically, those questions referred to teachers’ perception of their own educational competences; The results revealed that primary school teachers regard themselves as more competent than secondary school teachers in classroom management/organization and in teaching methodology. Differences are significant in participants’ perception of their command of the content and there are no differences in leadership qualities and neither in the relation to other education agents (AU)

Ácido acetilsalicílico y clonidina en el perioperatorio de pacientes intervenidos de cirugía no cardíaca (estudio POISE-2) / Perioperative acetylsalicylic acid and clonidine in noncardiac surgery patients (POISE-2 trial)

No disponible

Effects of droperidol and ondansetron on dispersion of ventricular repolarization: A randomized double-blind clinical study in anesthetized adult patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Droperidol and ondansetron prolong QT interval, a circumstance that has raised some concerns regarding the possibility of inducing torsades de pointes (TdP). However drug-induced spatial dispersion of ventricular repolarization has been shown to be the principal arrhythmogenic substrate for TdP. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of droperidol and ondansetron on the dispersion of repolarization, measured using the T peak-to-end interval (Tp-e) and Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/RR(1/2) ratios in surgical anesthetized patients. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind study carried out on sixty-three adult patients without cardiac disease or factors favoring QT prolongation and undergoing non-cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to the droperidol or ondansetron group. Under propofol anesthesia, a 12-lead EKG was obtained, and 1.25mg droperidol or 4mg ondansetron was injected. Five minutes later, a new 12-lead EKG was recorded. EKG analyses were independently performed by two cardiologists blinded to the state of the traces or group allocation. QT, RR and Tp-e intervals were measured by averaging five successive beats in leadII (QT) or V5 (Tp-e). The mean value for each measurement was calculated for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients (19 women) received droperidol, and 31 (22 women) ondansetron. Droperidol and ondansetron prolonged the QTcF interval (Fridericia formula) by 6.8 and 7.2ms (mean values) respectively, but neither droperidol nor ondansetron increased the Tp-e interval or Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/RR(1/2) ratios. CONCLUSION: At antiemetic doses, neither ondansetron (4mg) nor droperidol (1.25mg) increases the dispersion of ventricular repolarization in healthy adult patients anesthetized with propofol.

Shock anafiláctico prolongado de 4 días de duración / Anaphylactic shock lasting 4 days

Se presenta el caso de un varón de 62 años programado para una cistectomía radical que a los 10 min de comenzar la cirugía presentó hipotensión arterial severa, taquicardia sinusal y un aumento de las presiones en la vía aérea. No se obtuvo respuesta a la administración de diversos fármacos vasoactivos (efedrina, fenilefrina, dopamina, noradrenalina). Tras descartar otras posibles etiologías se valoró la posibilidad de que se tratara de una reacción de anafilaxia y se inició la administración de adrenalina, con lo que se consiguió estabilizar hemodinámicamente al paciente. En la unidad de reanimación fue preciso mantener la perfusión de adrenalina y la ventilación mecánica durante 4 días (AU)

We present a case of a 62 year-old male scheduled for radical cystectomy, who, ten minutes into the surgery, presented with severe hypotension, tachycardia and increased airway pressure. There was no response to the administration of vasoactive drugs such as, ephedrine, phenylephrine, dopamine and norepinephrine. After ruling out several causes, we evaluated the possibility of an anaphylactic reaction. Adrenaline was given, and the patient stabilized. An adrenaline infusion and mechanical ventilation was required for four days in the critical care unit (AU)

Towards a Hybrid Agent-based Model for Mosquito Borne Disease.

Agent-based models (ABM) are used to simulate the spread of infectious disease through a population. Detailed human movement, demography, realistic business location networks, and in-host disease progression are available in existing ABMs, such as the Epidemic Simulation System (EpiSimS). These capabilities make possible the exploration of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical mitigation strategies used to inform the public health community. There is a similar need for the spread of mosquito borne pathogens due to the re-emergence of diseases such as chikungunya and dengue fever. A network-patch model for mosquito dynamics has been coupled with EpiSimS. Mosquitoes are represented as a "patch" or "cloud" associated with a location. Each patch has an ordinary differential equation (ODE) mosquito dynamics model and mosquito related parameters relevant to the location characteristics. Activities at each location can have different levels of potential exposure to mosquitoes based on whether they are inside, outside, or somewhere in-between. As a proof of concept, the hybrid network-patch model is used to simulate the spread of chikungunya through Washington, DC. Results are shown for a base case, followed by varying the probability of transmission, mosquito count, and activity exposure. We use visualization to understand the pattern of disease spread.

[Anaphylactic shock lasting 4 days]. / Shock anafiláctico prolongado de 4 días de duración.

We present a case of a 62 year-old male scheduled for radical cystectomy, who, ten minutes into the surgery, presented with severe hypotension, tachycardia and increased airway pressure. There was no response to the administration of vasoactive drugs such as, ephedrine, phenylephrine, dopamine and norepinephrine. After ruling out several causes, we evaluated the possibility of an anaphylactic reaction. Adrenaline was given, and the patient stabilized. An adrenaline infusion and mechanical ventilation was required for four days in the critical care unit.

Relación de los niveles plasmáticos de proteína C reactiva con infección y edema en la cirugía de los terceros molares retenidos / Relation between CRP levels as indicator of postoperative infection and edema after third molar impacted surgery

La proteína C reactiva CRP (por sus siglas en inglés) es una proteína de fase aguda que se utiliza para el seguimiento de enfermedades inflamatorias tales como artritis reumatoidea, lupus eritematoso o vasculitis y procesos infecciosos tales como sepsis y septicemia; así como también, para evaluar la eficacia de las drogas antiinflamatorias y antimicrobianas indicadas en el tratamiento de estas patologías. Igualmente se ha asociado a daño tisular en diversas especialidades quirúrgicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue relacionar los niveles plasmáticos de CRP con la infección y el edema posterior a la cirugía de los terceros molares. A tal efecto se evaluaron 60 pacientes, distribuidos en 3 grupos A, B y C bajo antibioticoterapia profiláctica con Clindamicina (A: dosis única de 600 mg, B: 300 mg c/6h por 5 días y C: Placebo) y terapia analgésica y antiinflamatoria (Ibuprofeno 400mg c/6h por 3 días). A quienes se tomaron muestras de sangre antes y a las 72 horas de la odontectomía de los terceros molares y fotografías digitales para calcular el área de inflamación. No se demostró la relación de los niveles de CRP con infección ya que ningún paciente presentó proceso infeccioso pero si se demostró la relación cualitativa (sensibilidad) de CRP y cuantitativa mediante correlación de Spearman (p<0,05) ya que mientras mayor fue el área de la inflamación, mayores fueron los niveles plasmáticos de CRP.

The C reactive protein (CRP) is an unspecific acute phase reaction used for the follow-up of such inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or vasculitis and such infectious processes like sepsis; as well as also, to evaluate the efficiency of the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs indicated in the treatment of this pathologies. Equally it has associated to tissue damage in diverse surgical specialties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between CRP levels as indicator of postoperative infection and edema after third molar surgery. We evaluated 60 patients distributed in three groups A, B and C under antibiotic prophylaxis with Clindamycin (A: single dosis 600 mgs, B: 300 mgs each 6/h by 5 days and C: placebo) and analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapy with Ibuprofen 400 mg. each 6/h by 3 days. Who were taken blood samples to measure the CRP before and 72 hours after surgery and digital photographs to calculate the edema area. We did not demonstrated relation between CRP and infection because no one patient was infected in any group but we demonstrated (By Searman (p<0,05) the value of CRP as indicator of edema in the third molar surgery.

Errores de medicación y etiquetado de las jeringas / Medication errors and syringe labeling

Los problemas asociados con el tratamiento farmacológico en el entorno hospitalario son frecuentes y se asocian, en ocasiones, a daño para el paciente y mayores costes. La Declaración de Helsinki sobre seguridad del paciente en anestesiología incluye, entre otras recomendaciones, que todos los servicios de anestesia tengan protocolos para el adecuado etiquetado de las jeringas que contienen la medicación necesaria durante la anestesia. Recientemente, el Sistema Español de Notificación de Seguridad en Anestesia y Reanimación y la Sociedad Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación, junto al Instituto para el Uso Seguro de los Medicamentos-España, han publicado las recomendaciones de etiquetado de jeringas, líneas y envases de acuerdo a dichas normas. En este trabajo se revisan brevemente los errores de medicación en anestesia y el papel del etiquetado de la medicación en la seguridad del paciente (AU)

Drug-related problems are frequent in the hospital setting and sometimes lead to patient harm and increased costs. The “Helsinki Declaration on Patient Safety in Anesthesiology” includes, among other recommendations, that all anesthesia departments have protocols for the correct labelling of syringes containing the medication required for anesthesia. In accordance with this document, the Spanish System of Safety Reporting in Anesthesia and Resuscitation and the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, together with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices in Spain have recently published their recommendations on the labelling of syringes, lines and bags. The present article briefly reviews medication errors in anesthesia and the role of medication labelling in patient safety (AU)

El síndrome de Guillain Barré en la unidad de cuidados críticos en los últimos 10 años / Guillain-Barré syndrome in the critical care unit in the last 10 years

Objetivos. El síndrome de Guillain Barré (SGB) es una polirradiculoneuropatía inflamatoria aguda que constituye una proporción importante de los casos de parálisis flácida aguda. Nuestro objetivo es presentar las características clínicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de este síndrome que requirieron ingreso en la unidad de cuidados críticos. Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes con SGB que fueron admitidos en la unidad de cuidados críticos de un hospital terciario durante un periodo de 10 años. Se estudia la proporción de pacientes que requirieron ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) y las complicaciones asociadas. Se analizan características clínicas que implican mayor severidad de la enfermedad y una recuperación funcional peor. Resultados. La VMI fue necesaria en el 58,8% de los pacientes (duración media de 29,8 días). A 9 se les realizó traqueostomía. Se observaron complicaciones respiratorias en todos los casos que precisaron VMI (50% traqueobronquitis y 50% neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica). La VMI se asoció a complicaciones respiratorias (p=0,001) y estas a su vez a la aparición de sepsis (p=0,006). Falleció un paciente (5,88%). No se observó asociación entre edad avanzada, necesidad de VMI, presencia de comorbilidad, sepsis o complicaciones hemodinámicas con la mortalidad del SGB. Conclusiones. Las complicaciones respiratorias, la sepsis y en menor medida la disfunción autonómica y el tromboembolismo pulmonar son las principales causas de muerte en estos pacientes, por lo que su prevención, detección y manejo son fundamentales(AU)

Objectives. The Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy, which constitutes an important proportion of acute flaccid paralysis cases. Our objective was to present the clinical characteristics of patients with the GBS who required admission to a critical care unit. Methods. A retrospective study over a period of ten years was conducted on patients with GBS, who were admitted to the critical care unit in a tertiary hospital. The proportion of patients requiring connection to mechanical ventilation (MV) and associated complications was analysed, along with certain clinical features which implied a more severe illness and worse functional recovery. Results. MV was required in 58.8% of cases (mean duration 29.8 days). Nine patients received tracheostomy. Pulmonary complications were observed in all patients that needed MV (50% tracheobronchitis and 50% ventilator-associated pneumonia). MV is associated with pulmonary complications (P=.001) and those, in turn, to the development of sepsis (P=.006). Only one patient died (5.88%). No relationship was found between advanced age, MV, comorbidity, sepsis, or hemodynamic complications and the mortality of GBS. Conclusions. Death in these patients results from pulmonary complications, sepsis and less frequently due to autonomic dysfunction or pulmonary embolism. Emphasising the importance of their prevention, detection and management(AU)

Bloqueo epidural lumbar continuo para espasmos vesicales incoercibles / No disponible

Presentamos un caso clínico de espasmos vesicales por hiperactividad del detrusor de la vejiga, desencadenados por lavado vesical continuo aplicado en un paciente con hematuria, en el contexto de hipertrofia benigna de próstata. Los espasmos llegaron a ser refractarios a tratamiento sistémico con antimuscarínicos, espasmolíticos y opioides. Se optó por la colocación de un catéter epidural lumbar para infusión continua de anestésicos locales y opioides como terapia analgésica alternativa, que no solo proporcionó un aceptable grado de confort, sino que permitió el mantenimiento del sondaje uretral y el lavado vesical continuo. Realizamos una revisión bibliográfica sobre el uso del bloqueo epidural de la neurotransmisión de las aferencias sensitivas vesicales en dolor de origen disfuncional vesical, y analizamos algunas de la teorías publicadas sobre la fisiopatología y génesis de dolor en estos trastornos vesicales, con la intención de interpretar las peculiaridades y complejidad del dolor en el cuadro del caso presentado (AU)

We present a clinical case of bladder spasms due to detrusor overactitivity, triggered by continuous vesicoclysis therapy, which was applied in a patient with benign prostatic hypertrophy- related hematuria. Bladder spasms turned out to be refractory to combined antimuscarinic, spasmolytic and systemic opioid therapies. Implantation of a lumbar epidural catheter was chosen for continuous epidural infusion of local anesthetics and opioid drugs as an alternate analgesic therapy, which provided the patient an optimum comfort, but let urethral indwelling catheterization and the maintenance of continuous vesicoclysis therapy as well. We reviewed scientific literature concerning bladder-afferent neurotransmission blockade at epidural level for dysfunctional bladder pain therapy, and discussed several published theories about pain physiopathology and origin in those cases of dysfunctional bladder disturbance, with the aim to interpret the peculiarity and complexity of the described clinical case (AU)

[Guillain-Barré syndrome in the critical care unit in the last 10 years]. / El síndrome de Guillain Barré en la unidad de cuidados críticos en los últimos 10 años.

OBJECTIVES: The Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy, which constitutes an important proportion of acute flaccid paralysis cases. Our objective was to present the clinical characteristics of patients with the GBS who required admission to a critical care unit. METHODS: A retrospective study over a period of ten years was conducted on patients with GBS, who were admitted to the critical care unit in a tertiary hospital. The proportion of patients requiring connection to mechanical ventilation (MV) and associated complications was analysed, along with certain clinical features which implied a more severe illness and worse functional recovery. RESULTS: MV was required in 58.8% of cases (mean duration 29.8 days). Nine patients received tracheostomy. Pulmonary complications were observed in all patients that needed MV (50% tracheobronchitis and 50% ventilator-associated pneumonia). MV is associated with pulmonary complications (P=.001) and those, in turn, to the development of sepsis (P=.006). Only one patient died (5.88%). No relationship was found between advanced age, MV, comorbidity, sepsis, or hemodynamic complications and the mortality of GBS. CONCLUSIONS: Death in these patients results from pulmonary complications, sepsis and less frequently due to autonomic dysfunction or pulmonary embolism. Emphasising the importance of their prevention, detection and management.