Anti-PD-L1 antibody reverses the immune tolerance induced by multiple MUC1-MBP vaccine immunizations by increasing the CD80/PD-L1 ratio, resulting in DC maturation, and decreasing Treg activity in B16-MUC1 melanoma-bearing mice.

In this study, we explored the possible mechanism of tumor tolerance induced by multiple repeated immunizations with a tumor vaccine (MUC1-MBP fusion protein plus CpG2006). We first analyzed the mechanism of tolerance by immunizing tumor-bearing mice 2, 5, or 8 times and found that compared with five immunizations with the M-M vaccine, eight immunizations increased tumor volume and weight and Treg levels, while the proportions of Th1 and Tc1 cells in the spleen and lymph nodes were decreased. In particular, the M-M vaccine induced PD-L1 expression in CD11c + DCs and decreased their CD80/PD-L1 ratio. Therefore, the mechanism of tolerance induction by multiple immunizations with the M-M vaccine was investigated by focusing on the CD80/PD-L1 ratio, and an anti-PD-L1 antibody (αPD-L1) and the M-M vaccine were used in combination to treat melanoma. The results showed that αPD-L1 increased the CD80/PD-L1 ratio and enhanced the maturation of cDC1s by blocking PD-L1 on DCs, which potentially increased the activity of Th1 and Tc1 cells. Furthermore, the combination of the M-M vaccine with αPD-L1 decreased the activity and proportion of Tregs, which reversed the immune tolerance induced by eight immunizations with the vaccine. This study reveals the mechanism of the combination of M-M and αPD-L1 and provides a new combination strategy for improving the therapeutic effect of the M-M vaccine, laying a theoretical basis for the clinical application of the vaccine.

Bi2S3 quantum dots in situ grown on MoS2 nanoflowers: An efficient electron-rich interface for photoelectrochemical N2 reduction.

Photoelectrocatalysis is considered a green, environmentally friendly, sustainable technology for NH3 synthesis. However, the low efficiency of ammonia synthesis is currently the primary problem in photoelectrochemical nitrogen reduction reactions (PEC NRR). Herein, a nanocomposite BQD/MS developed through the in-situ growth of Bi2S3 quantum dots (BQD) on MoS2 (MS) nanoflowers was demonstrated as an efficient PEC NRR catalyst. Experimental results showed that the strong interaction between BQD and MS modulated the interfacial charge distribution and increased the electron density on the MS side. Meanwhile, the excellent structure of BQD/MS promoted the effective migration of photogenerated electrons from excited BQD to the MS surface. The electron-rich MS reaction interface was conducive to cleaving the stable NN bond and improving the N2 reduction performance. As a result, the prepared BQD/15MS photocathode obtained an excellent Faradaic efficiency of 33.2% and an NH3 yield of 18.5 µg h-1 mg-1, which was about three times that of bare MS.

Accelerated stability test of sustained-release thienorphine loaded microspheres for injection / 药学学报

In order to meet the clinical needs of long-acting sustained-release thienorphine, injectable thienorphine loaded microspheres were developed, and the accelerated stability study was carried out to explore the suitable storage and transportation conditions of the microspheres. Using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as carrier material, 3 batches of microspheres were prepared in pilot scale with emulsion solvent evaporation method. By investigating the in vitro release of thienorphine loaded microspheres at 37, 45, 52, and 60 ℃, and applying the Arrhenius equation, the linear relationship between the release rate constant (lgk) and the temperature (1/T) was established to obtain the equation: lgk = -8.073/T + 24.35 (R2 = 0.985 3), which showed that the release of microspheres at high temperature can be used to predict the release in vitro at 37 ℃, and 52.0 ± 0.5 ℃ was selected as the accelerated release condition in vitro. The quality research methods were established to investigate the changes of critical quality attributes such as microsphere morphology, drug loading, particle size and distribution, polymer molecular weight, and the related substances under accelerated conditions. The difference factor f1 and similarity factor f2 were used to assess the similarity of release behavior under accelerated conditions. The results showed that under the accelerated experimental conditions of 25 ± 2 ℃ and relative humidity (RH) 60% ± 5%, the critical quality attributes of injectable thienorphine loaded microspheres had no significant change in 6 months, suggesting that the long-term storage condition could be 5 ± 3 ℃.

Improving comprehensive retention rate of peppermint oil in freeze-dried preparation based on cyclodextrin inclusion technology / 中国中药杂志

The freeze-drying technique, characterized by low-temperature processing, is especially suitable for sensitive volatile oils with thermal instability. However, there are few studies focusing on the retention of volatile oils in the processing of freeze-dried preparations. This study evaluated the effects of different addition methods(adsorption, emulsification, solid dispersion, and inclusion) on the retention rate of the main components in peppermint oil, aiming to explore the application feasibility of freeze-dried preparations of volatile oils. Firstly, the addition method was determined based on the retention rates of menthol in four freeze-dried preparations. Secondly, an orthogonal test was designed to optimize the preparation process based on the characteristics of the preferred addition method. The results showed that the most suitable preparation form of peppermint oil was inclusion with beta-cyclodextrin(β-CD), and the retention rate of menthol in freeze-drying was 86.36%. According to the two-step preparation process of inclusion and freeze-drying, we introduced the product of inclusion rate and retention rate, i.e., comprehensive retention rate, to determine the optimum processing parameters. The results showed that β-CD/oil ratio of 7∶1, inclusion temperature of 40 ℃, and inclusion time of 2 h were the optimum processing parameters. The product prepared with these parameter had the comprehensive retention rate of 68.41%, retention rate of 92.53%, and inclusion rate of 73.93%. The inclusion compound was white powder with significantly increased solubility. The pre-paration process based on cyclodextrin inclusion in this study is stable and reliable and provides a new idea for ensuring the efficacy and stability of volatile components in freeze-dried preparations.

Morphological and Molecular Phylogenetic Data of the Chinese Medicinal Fungus Cordyceps liangshanensis Reveal Its New Systematic Position in the Family Ophiocordycipitaceae

A cordycipitoid fungus infecting Hepialidae sp. in Nepal was supposed to be identical to Cordyceps liangshanensis, originally described from southwestern China, and thus, transferred to the genus Metacordyceps or Papiliomyces in previous studies. However, our multi-gene (nrSSU-nrLSU-tef-1α-rpb1-rpb2) phylogenetic and morphological studies based on the type specimen and additional collections of C. liangshanensis revealed that the fungus belongs to the genus Ophiocordyceps (Ophiocordycipitaceae). Therefore, a new combination O. liangshanensis was made, and a detailed description of this species was provided.

Morphological and Molecular Phylogenetic Data of the Chinese Medicinal Fungus Cordyceps liangshanensis Reveal Its New Systematic Position in the Family Ophiocordycipitaceae

A cordycipitoid fungus infecting Hepialidae sp. in Nepal was supposed to be identical to Cordyceps liangshanensis, originally described from southwestern China, and thus, transferred to the genus Metacordyceps or Papiliomyces in previous studies. However, our multi-gene (nrSSU-nrLSU-tef-1α-rpb1-rpb2) phylogenetic and morphological studies based on the type specimen and additional collections of C. liangshanensis revealed that the fungus belongs to the genus Ophiocordyceps (Ophiocordycipitaceae). Therefore, a new combination O. liangshanensis was made, and a detailed description of this species was provided.

[Mechanism of Alisma orientale in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease].

In this study, network pharmacology technology was combined with molecular docking technology and experimental verification to clarify the active ingredients, potential targets and mechanism of Alisma orientale for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), providing a basis for its clinical application. The active ingredients of A. orientale were screened through traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database(TCMSP), and the potential targets related to both active ingredients and NAFLD were predicted through protein databases by considering the oral bioavailability(OB) and drug-likeness(DL). The "active ingredient-potential target" network was constructed by using Cytoscape software, and the molecular docking was performed between active ingre-dients and potential targets. KEGG pathway analysis and enrichment analysis were performed through DAVID biological information annotation databases. ClueGO software was used to analyze target GO annotation. Western blot and immunocytochemistry were used to detect the protein expression levels, and fluorescent probe was used to detect the reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation level. The results revealed that 7 active ingredients of A. orientale were obtained from TCMSP database and analysis platform, 140 ingredient-related targets were screened, and 59 potential targets were obtained by intersecting disease targets with ingredient-related targets. Molecular docking showed that 7 active ingredients of A. orientale could act on the potential targets including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase(HMGCR) and tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1(PTPN1). In addition, KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the potential targets were mainly enriched in inflammatory mediator regulation, insulin resistance, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, vascular smooth muscle contraction, FcγR-mediated phagocytosis and other related pathways of tryptophan(TRP) channel. GO enrichment analysis showed that potential targets mainly affected the biological processes of G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, organic hydroxyl compound transport, positive regulation of lipid biosynthesis process, positive regulation of lipid metabolic process. Western blot, immunocytochemistry and fluorescent probe confirmed that the extract of A. orientale could reduce HMGCR and PTPN1 protein expression levels effectively, and also could reduce ROS production level of HepG2 cells. This study systematically revealed the material basis and mechanism of A. orientale in regulating NAFLD through multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics, which provided a theoretical basis and scientific basis for the clinical application of A. orientale.

Prevalence and risk factors of ischemic stroke in rural areas of Liaoning province / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To explore the prevalence and risk factors of ischemic stroke in rural areas of Liaoning province. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey. From September 2017 to May 2018, a total of 10 926 rural residents aged ≥40 years were investigated in Chaoyang county, Lingyuan, Liaoyang county and Donggang city of Liaoning province. The investigation included questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory examination.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of ischemic stroke. Results: The prevalence of ischemic stroke in the rural areas of Liaoning province was 5.51% (602/10 926), and the standardized prevalence rate was 4.04%. The standardized prevalence rate of male (5.05%) is higher than that of female (3.44%). The prevalence of ischemic stroke increased with age in both males (P<0.01) and females (P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age increase(compared with 40-49 years old group, 50-59 years old, OR=2.08, 95%CI 1.31-3.30, P=0.02; 60-69 years old, OR=3.90, 95%CI 2.51-6.05, P<0.01; 70-79 years old, OR=5.32, 95%CI 3.37-8.34, P<0.01; ≥80 years old, OR=3.64, 95%CI 2.00-6.62, P<0.01), male(OR=2.35, 95%CI 1.95-2.84, P<0.01),family history of stroke(OR=2.18, 95%CI 1.83-2.60, P<0.01),coronary heart disease (OR=2.01, 95%CI 1.52-2.66, P<0.01), hypertension (OR=2.82, 95%CI 2.21-3.60, P<0.01), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.36, 95%CI 1.11-1.67, P=0.03) and overweight/obese (OR=1.22, 95%CI 1.02-1.47, P=0.03) were the major risk factors of ischemic stroke. Conclusions: The prevalence of ischemic stroke in rural areas of Liaoning province is high. Age, male, family history of stroke, coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, overweight/obesity are the risk factors of ischemic stroke in rural areas of Liaoning province.

Prevalence and risk factors of ischemic stroke in rural areas of Liaoning province / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective@#To explore the prevalence and risk factors of ischemic stroke in rural areas of Liaoning province.@*Methods@#The study was a cross-sectional survey. From September 2017 to May 2018, a total of 10 926 rural residents aged ≥40 years were investigated in Chaoyang county, Lingyuan, Liaoyang county and Donggang city of Liaoning province. The investigation included questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory examination.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of ischemic stroke.@*Results@#The prevalence of ischemic stroke in the rural areas of Liaoning province was 5.51% (602/10 926), and the standardized prevalence rate was 4.04%. The standardized prevalence rate of male (5.05%) is higher than that of female (3.44%). The prevalence of ischemic stroke increased with age in both males (P<0.01) and females (P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age increase(compared with 40-49 years old group, 50-59 years old, OR=2.08, 95%CI 1.31-3.30, P=0.02; 60-69 years old, OR=3.90, 95%CI 2.51-6.05, P<0.01; 70-79 years old, OR=5.32, 95%CI 3.37-8.34, P<0.01; ≥80 years old, OR=3.64, 95%CI 2.00-6.62, P<0.01), male(OR=2.35, 95%CI 1.95-2.84, P<0.01),family history of stroke(OR=2.18, 95%CI 1.83-2.60, P<0.01),coronary heart disease (OR=2.01, 95%CI 1.52-2.66, P<0.01), hypertension (OR=2.82, 95%CI 2.21-3.60, P<0.01), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.36, 95%CI 1.11-1.67, P=0.03) and overweight/obese (OR=1.22, 95%CI 1.02-1.47, P=0.03) were the major risk factors of ischemic stroke.@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of ischemic stroke in rural areas of Liaoning province is high. Age, male, family history of stroke, coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, overweight/obesity are the risk factors of ischemic stroke in rural areas of Liaoning province.

Comparison Study on the Critical Quality Attributes between Similar Biological Medicine (YD057) and Dulaglutide / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there is significant difference between the GLP-1-Fc fusion protein(YD057) that is expressed by gene recombination and the marketed drug dulaglutide(Lilly). METHODS: SDS-PAGE, SEC, CE-SDS and CIEF were used to analyze the differences in molecular weight, purity and charge heterogeneity. The amino acid sequence, biological activity and receptor binding analysis were measured to assess whether the cytological function and molecular binding capacity were consistent. Oligosaccharide distribution was measured to assess whether N-linked glycosylation modification ratio was consistent. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in physicochemical properties, amino acid primary sequence, N-linked glycosylation modification ratio, cell biology function and receptor binding capacity between the biological similar drugs(YD057) and dulaglutide. CONCLUSION: Their critical quality attributes are basically the same.

Research capability scale of medical workers in Liaoning Province and its reliability rsearch / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To develop a scale suitable for evaluating the scientific research ability of medical workers in Liaoning Province,analyze its reliability and validity to provide a scientific and objective measurement method for the evaluation of scientific research ability of medical workers in Liaoning Province.Methods A survey of 6 577 medical workers in 2 grade and up medical institutions of Liaoning province was carried out by completing a self-assessment scale form of research capacity,5 812 effective questionnaires were collected,335 out of which were used for exploratory factor analysis,5 477 were used for confirmatory factor analysis and reliability and validity analysis.Results The scale of Cronbach's a coefficient is 0.982,the retest reliability is 0.967,the cumulative contribution rate of the four factors extracted by exploratory factor analysis was 80.195％.The validation factor analysis showed that the model fit well (GFI=0.907,AGFI=0.881,CFI=0.962,RMESA=0.076,NFI=0.960,IFI=0.962).Conclusions The research capability scale for Liaoning medical workers has good reliability and validity,which can be used in the evaluation of the research capability of the medical workers in Liaoning province.

Standardization of preparation of rice fried Codonopsis Radix based on correlation analysis of functional component and shape index / 中国中药杂志

The quality standard of Chinese herbal medicine is the key in quality control, and the establishment of rice processing technology standard of rice fried Codonopsis Radix has important significance for the overall quality control. In this study, the color brightness (L*), red-green chromaticity coordinate (a*), yellow-blue chromaticity coordinate (b*) and total color value（E*ab）were determined by colorimeter and used as the shape indexes. Ethanol extractives, polysaccharide, lobetyolin and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural contents were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet (UV), and used as chemical indexes in the analysis by normalization distance method. The two index methods were adopted to optimize the processing technology of rice fried Codonopsis Radix by taking processing temperature, processing time, rice types and rice dosage as factors. The correlation analysis between the two index methods was carried out by SAS 9.40 and JMP 11 software. The results showed that all the four factors had significant differences, and the best processing technology was as follows: polished round-grained rice as raw material, processing temperature at 140 °C, processing time of 10min, and the ratio of Codonopsis pilosula and rice is 100:30. Chemical indexes showed significant positive correlations with shape indexes, providing basis for the quality evaluation of rice fried Codonopsis Radix in processing.

Standardization system of industry decoction pieces based on whole process quality control concept / 中国中药杂志

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction pieces refer to prescription drugs that can be used in clinical or preparation production after processing medicinal herbs. TCM decoction pieces industries are inherited from the culture of TCM and are important because of their independent intellectual property rights. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Ch. P) 2010 edition stipulated that "All drugs taken are decoction pieces", which raised the drug status to statutory law for the first time and clearly specified that TCM decoction pieces should be applied to TCM prescription deployment and production of proprietary Chinese medicines. It also pointed out that "The specifications of the decoction pieces used in the preparation should comply with the requirements of the actual process of the corresponding formulation type". For a long time, both the processing methods and the specification grades of the clinically used pieces of Chinese medicine were based on the inheritance and supported by the classical theory and method system centered on TCM processing. However, the theoretical research and specification standards of the decoction pieces used in the production of proprietary Chinese medicines based on modern industry are scarce, and this has led to a series of problems related to the industry, making the processing of decoction pieces becoming a limiting factor in the promotion of the Chinese medicine industry. Aiming at the existing problems of the TCM decoction pieces industry, this article was guided by the standardization system of TCM based on the concept of whole-process quality control, combined with the reference to the Japanese Kampo medicine industry's feeding mode and the reflection on the combination of traditional Chinese medicine processing and modern industry, as well as the study of the core law of the whole-process of TCM production, etc. Industrial decoction pieces and the idea of building a standardized system of TCM industry decoction pieces based on the whole-process quality control were discussed in this paper, which can provide insights for exploring the effective fusion between TCM processing theory and classic heritage and modern manufacturing and can provide the basis for the establishment of a standardized system for industrial decoction pieces based on whole-process quality control of TCM. It can also offer reference for the development of the advantages of geo-authentic crude drug and the establishment of high spots of industry decoction pieces.

C-H Direct Arylated 6H-Indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline Derivative as a Thickness-Dependent Hole-Injection Layer.

A novel perfluoro-1,4-phenylenyl 6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline derivative (TFBIQ) was designed and synthesized by using a C-H direct arylation method. The optoelectrical properties of the obtained TFBIQ were fully characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and a group of Alq3 -based green organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Device A, which used 0.5 nm-thick TFBIQ as the interfacial modification layer, exhibited the five best advantages of device performance including a minimum turn-on voltage as low as 3.1 V, a maximum luminescence intensity as high as 26564 cd m-2 , a highest current density value of 348.9 mA cm-2 at a voltage of 11 V, the smallest efficiency roll-off, as well as the greatest power efficiency of 1.46 lm W-1 relative to all of the other tested devices with thicker TFBIQ and also 10 nm-thick MoO3 as hole-injection layers (HILs). As a promising candidate for an organic HIL material, the as-prepared TFBIQ exhibited a strong thickness effect on the performance of corresponding OLEDs. Furthermore, the theoretical calculated vertical ionization potential of the fluorinated TFBIQ suggests better anti-oxidation stability than that of the non-fluorinated structure.

Discussion on research thinking of traditional Chinese medicine standardization system based on whole process quality control / 中国中药杂志

The concept of "Quality by design" indicates that good design for the whole life cycle of pharmaceutical production enables the drug to meet the expected quality requirements. Aiming at the existing problems of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) industry, the TCM standardization system was put forward in this paper from the national strategic level, under the guidance by the idea of quality control in international manufacturing industry and with considerations of TCM industry's own characteristics and development status. The connotation of this strategy was to establish five interrelated systems: multi-indicators system based on tri-indicators system, quality standard and specification system of TCM herbal materials and decoction pieces, quality traceability system, data monitoring system based on whole-process quality control, and whole-process quality management system of TCM, and achieve the whole process systematic and scientific study in TCM industry through "top-level design-implement in steps-system integration" workflow. This article analyzed the correlation between the quality standards of all links, established standard operating procedures of each link and whole process, and constructed a high standard overall quality management system for TCM industry chains, in order to provide a demonstration for the establishment of TCM whole-process quality control system and provide systematic reference and basis for standardization strategy in TCM industry.

Development of whole process quality control and management system of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces based on traditional Chinese medicine quality tree / 中国中药杂志

The whole process quality control and management of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction pieces is a system engineering, involving the base environment, seeds and seedlings, harvesting, processing and other multiple steps, so the accurate identification of factors in TCM production process that may induce the quality risk, as well as reasonable quality control measures are very important. At present, the concept of quality risk is mainly concentrated in the aspects of management and regulations, etc. There is no comprehensive analysis on possible risks in the quality control process of TCM decoction pieces, or analysis summary of effective quality control schemes. A whole process quality control and management system for TCM decoction pieces based on TCM quality tree was proposed in this study. This system effectively combined the process analysis method of TCM quality tree with the quality risk management, and can help managers to make real-time decisions while realizing the whole process quality control of TCM. By providing personalized web interface, this system can realize user-oriented information feedback, and was convenient for users to predict, evaluate and control the quality of TCM. In the application process, the whole process quality control and management system of the TCM decoction pieces can identify the related quality factors such as base environment, cultivation and pieces processing, extend and modify the existing scientific workflow according to their own production conditions, and provide different enterprises with their own quality systems, to achieve the personalized service. As a new quality management model, this paper can provide reference for improving the quality of Chinese medicine production and quality standardization.

Feasibility study on monitoring blood pressure of the superficial temporal artery in neonates / 中华护理杂志

Objective To explore the feasibility of monitoring blood pressure via superficial temporal artery catheterization in neonates,which may provide more ways to monitor arterial blood pressure of neonates.Methods By lottery method,64 neonates from NICU who met inclusion criteria and needed arterial blood pressure monitoring were randomly divided into two groups.Thirty-two cases in the experimental group were treated with superficial temporal artery catheterization,while 32 cases in the control group were treated with radial artery catheterization.The success rate of one-time catheterization,indwelling time of catheter,blood pressure and the rate of complications were compared between two groups.Results There were no significant differences between two groups in the success rate of one-time catheterization,indwelling time of catheter,systolic blood pressure and the rate of complications (P＞0.05).Results showed there was significant difference in diastolic blood pressure between two groups(P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with radial artery blood catheterization,neonatal superficial temporal artery catheterization showed equivalent effect,which made it more convenient for observing condition of neonates.

Research progress of related risk factors and treatment of acute gangrenous cholecystitis / 中国综合临床

Acute gangrenous cholecystitis is a histologic diagnosis,mostly diagnosed by intraoperative or postoperative pathology.In China,as the aging population increases,the incidence of the disease increases steadily.AGC is still an indication of surgical treatment for acute cholecystitis(AC),but the diagnosis and treatment of AGC remains a challenge for clinical surgeons.However,preoperative clinical data such as age, gender,hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease,cholelithiasis disease history,laboratory examination and radiographic results are helpful in early diagnosis and reasonable surgical timing selection.

Feasibility study on monitoring blood pressure of the superficial temporal artery in neonates / 中华护理杂志

Objective To explore the feasibility of monitoring blood pressure via superficial temporal artery catheterization in neonates,which may provide more ways to monitor arterial blood pressure of neonates.Methods By lottery method,64 neonates from NICU who met inclusion criteria and needed arterial blood pressure monitoring were randomly divided into two groups.Thirty-two cases in the experimental group were treated with superficial temporal artery catheterization,while 32 cases in the control group were treated with radial artery catheterization.The success rate of one-time catheterization,indwelling time of catheter,blood pressure and the rate of complications were compared between two groups.Results There were no significant differences between two groups in the success rate of one-time catheterization,indwelling time of catheter,systolic blood pressure and the rate of complications (P＞0.05).Results showed there was significant difference in diastolic blood pressure between two groups(P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with radial artery blood catheterization,neonatal superficial temporal artery catheterization showed equivalent effect,which made it more convenient for observing condition of neonates.

Research progress of related risk factors and treatment of acute gangrenous cholecystitis / 中国综合临床

Acute gangrenous cholecystitis is a histologic diagnosis,mostly diagnosed by intraoperative or postoperative pathology.In China,as the aging population increases,the incidence of the disease increases steadily.AGC is still an indication of surgical treatment for acute cholecystitis(AC),but the diagnosis and treatment of AGC remains a challenge for clinical surgeons.However,preoperative clinical data such as age, gender,hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease,cholelithiasis disease history,laboratory examination and radiographic results are helpful in early diagnosis and reasonable surgical timing selection.