The pioneers of Vietnam's epidemiological transition: an ethnographic study of pregnant women's experiences of gestational diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an abnormal glucose metabolism diagnosed during pregnancy that can have serious adverse consequences for mother and child. GDM is an exceptional health condition, as its management serves not only as treatment but also as prevention, reducing the risk of future diabetes in mother and child. OBJECTIVES: This qualitative study aimed to explore how pregnant women experience and respond to GDM, focusing particularly on the role of the family environment in shaping women's experiences. METHODS: The research was carried out in Vietnam's Thái Bình province in April-May 2023. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews with 21 women with GDM, visiting them in their homes. Our theoretical starting point was phenomenological anthropology, and the data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. RESULTS: At the centre of women's experiences was the contrast between GDM as a biomedical and a social condition. Whereas GDM was biomedically diagnosed and managed in the healthcare system, it was often deemed insignificant or non-existent by family members. This made GDM a biomedically present but socially absent health condition. This paradox posed challenges to women's GDM self-care, placing them in pioneering social positions. CONCLUSIONS: The biomedical presence yet social absence of GDM turned women into pioneers at biomedical, digital, epidemiological, and family frontiers. This article calls for appreciation of pregnant women's pioneering roles and for health systems action to involve women and families in the development of GDM policies and programmes at a time of sweeping global health changes.

Main findings: Vietnamese women's experiences of gestational diabetes were affected by social splits between clinic and home; between biomedical and family worlds.Added knowledge: Gestational diabetes places pregnant women in Northern Vietnam in pioneering roles on biomedical, digital, epidemiological, and family frontiers.Global health impact for policy and action: Pregnant women should be involved in the development of policies and programmes addressing gestational diabetes, with particular attention to the connections between clinical and family worlds.

Biological properties and diverse cytokine profiles followed by in vitro and in vivo infections with LSDV strain isolated in first outbreaks in Vietnam.

Preliminary information about LSD virus isolated from the first outbreaks in Vietnam has been reported by our laboratory. In the current study, LSDV strain, LSDV/Vietnam/Langson/HL01(HL01) was further analyzed to provide a better understanding of this viral pathogen. HL01 LSDV strain was propagated at MOI 0.01 in MDBK cells and then given to cattle at dose of 106.5 TCID50/ml (2ml/animal). The production of proinflammatory (IFN-γ, IL-1α, and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-ß1) cytokines were measured by real-time PCR, both In vitro and In vivo. The results demonstrated that HL01 strain caused the typical signs of LSD and LSDV In vitro and In vivo, respectively suggesting a virulent field LSDV strain. Additionally, different cytokine profiles were observed in these In vitro and In vivo studies. In MDBK cells, different cytokines profiles were observed in two phases: in the early phase, the expression levels of all examined cytokines were significantly increased at 6 h (p < 0.05). In the later phase, the peak levels of the cytokine secretion were recognized from 72 to 96 h, with the exception of IL-1α when compared to controls. In cattle, the expression levels of all six cytokines were significantly higher at day 7 following LSDV challenge (p < 0.05) when compared to controls, especially expression levels of TGF-ß1 and IL-10. These findings suggest the important roles of these cytokines in protection against LSDV infections. Additionally, the data from diverse cytokine profiles followed by this LSDV strain challenge provides key understanding of the underlying cellular immune mechanisms in the host against LSDV infection In vitro and In vivo.

Dataset on the agronomic characteristics and combining ability of new parental lines in the two-line hybrid rice systems in Vietnam.

This article provides a dataset on the analysis of morphological characteristics and combining ability of some parental lines in the two line hybrid rice system in Vietnam. Four thermo-sensitive male sterile lines and seven pollen restorer lines were used in a Line x Tester mating system to produce twenty-eight hybrids. The parental lines were characterized on 14 agronomic traits in a completely random design experiment. The 28 hybrids were evaluated on 10 traits related to grain yield and morphology in a randomized complete block design experiment with three replications. A line x tester analysis was conducted to estimate the combining ability, genetic variance, and the contribution of parental lines to genetic variation in hybrids. This dataset is valuable for rice breeders in subtropical countries to orient the strategy for breeding of hybrid rice varieties with high efficiency.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Elderly Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in National Geriatric Hospital, Vietnam.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes-related complications have become increasingly prevalent and complicated to manage, especially among frail older adults with co-morbidities, poor physical function, and impaired cognition. Thus, knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of elderly diabetic patients play an essential role in controlling the disease and its complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 176 diabetic patients at the outpatient clinics, National Geriatric Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam from August to November 2015. Patients' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding diabetes mellitus were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis and multivariate Tobit regression model were used to identify factors associated with knowledge, attitude, practice about diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: Of 176 diabetic patients, patients' knowledge was divided into two main groups: "Diabetes definition and management" (mean score = 57.7 ± 25.6) and "Targets for diabetic control" (mean score = 66.1 ± 30.4). Patients scored high points of attitudes toward diabetes severity and its complications (mean score = 95.8 ± 13.0); however, knowledge and practice scores were only moderate (mean score = 68.1 ± 16.8). There were only 8.5% of people having daily self-blood glucose monitoring. Advanced age, low educational level, rural area, and duration of diabetes less than 5 years were negative associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding diabetes mellitus. This study also shows that frailty and co-morbidities/diabetic complications could impair patients' knowledge. CONCLUSION: Older patients with diabetes had high levels of perceived severity attitudes on diabetes mellitus. However, the knowledge and practice levels were still inadequate. Pragmatic diabetic health literacy, counseling and education programs, as well as home-based treatments are viable options to improve health outcomes.

Changes of peritoneal membrane transport characteristics in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients

Background: In recent years, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) has been applied extensively in treating end-stage chronic renal failure. The peritoneal membrane transport characteristics were varied in each patient, dependent on peritoneal anatomical structures. Objective: To determine the peritoneal membrane transport characteristics in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients and its changes after 6-month treatment. Subjects and method: The descriptive prospective study was performed on 44 CAPD patients using the Peritoneal Equilibration Test (PET) to evaluate the peritoneal membrane transport characteristics. Results: 44 patients (19 men and 25 women), age 42.8 +/- 13.5 years, mean body mass index 19.5 +/- 2.1. PET at the 1st month (M1) and 6th month (M6) showed that the high-moderate level of peritoneal membrane transport characteristics are prevalent (50% of patients), high: 27.3%, low-moderate: 18.2% and low: 5%. After 6 months of CAPD, the peritoneal membrane transport characteristics, mean values of PET, ultrafiltration, lost of protein \u2026 were unchanged. Conclusions: The high-moderate levels of peritoneal membrane transport characteristics are prevalent; this is a good type for CAPD about urea, creatinine clearance and ultrafiltration. The peritoneal membrane transport characteristics directly affected some of the clinical indexes: ultrafiltration, processing lost prorein through filtrated fluid, blood protein and albumin levels\u2026

Dyslipidemia in chronic renal failure patients with hypertension

Background: Hypertension is one of the most common complications in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. Dyslipidemia in primary hypertension has been considered a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases and progression of CRF. Objectives: To determine lipid disorders CRF patients with hypertension and the correlations between lipid disorders and blood pressure level in CRF patients. Subjects and method: The descriptive cross-sectional study involved 107 CRF patients under 45 years old, who had preservative treatments and were monitored at Bach Mai Hospital from 2000 to 2003. They were divided into 2 groups: hypertension (n=78; 72.9%) and nonhypertension (n=29, 27.1%). Results: In comparison with nonhypertension group, patients in the hypertension group had higher level of serum creatinine (877.7+/-597.1 vs. 587.6+/-381 micromol/L, p< 0.01), total cholesterol (5.35+/-1.34 vs. 4.81+/-1.23 mmol/L, p< 0.05), ApoB (1.07+/-0.34 vs. 1.00+/-0.32 g/L) and CT/HDL-C ratio (5.33+/-2.2 vs. 4.9+/-1.4). In the hypertension group, 25.6% patients had the total cholesterol >=6.2 mmol/L, significantly higher than those in the nonhypertension group (p< 0.05), and the prevalence of abnormal level of LDL-C and ApoB increased with the grade of CRF. Patients with grade III of hypertension had severe dyslipidemia: hypercholesterolemia, hyperglyceridemia, increased LDL-C and ApoB, and CT-HDL-C ratio >5. Among them, 92.1% had lipoprotein disorders. Conclusion: Increased total cholesterol accounted for 25.6% patients of hypertension group. Prevalence of patients with disorders of LDL-C and ApoB were high in hypertension group, and increased with the grade of CRF. Lipoprotein disorders were increased with the grade of hypertension.

Comments on clinical and laboratory characteristics and some risks factors of neonatal acute renal failure

Background: Acute renal failure is a common emergency and esspecial dangerous in the neonatal disease group, account for from 8% to 24% of among total patients to be treated at Intensive Care Unit with the high rate of mortality and complication. The mortality rate due to acute renal failure in neonatal group account for from 24.4% to 66,7%. Objectives: This study aims to learn about the clinical and laboratory characteristics as well as some risks factors of neonatal acute renal failure. Subjects and method:A descriptive, retrospective study was conduct on 64 patients without diagnosed of acute renal failure in control group and other 32 cases of acute renal failure whom treated at Neonatal Department of National Hospital for Pediatric from 1st January 2005 to 31st March 2006. Results:The diagnosis was often done in the 1st week of life and the incidence occurred in boy more than in girl.The average reatininernie\r\n', u'was 251.7\xb112.96 \xb5ol/l, the electrical disorder (in which hyperkaliernie: 78.1%, hyponatrernie: 46.9%), anernie was 18.7%, acidosis netabolique was 71.9%. Risk factors of neonatal acute renal failure: the pre-puerperal eclampsia (p = 0.023, OR=1.23), infection (p <0.001, OR = 9.53), suffocation (p <0.05, OR = 2.489), respiratory failure (p <0.001, OR = 2.489). Conclusion: The clinical signs were hyponurie and anuria, oederne and arterial hypertension.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'

Investigation of clinical and renal pathological features of acute renal failure in primary nephrotic syndrome

Background: Acute renal failure (ARF) is an uncommon but alarming complication of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. The renal failure could be secondary to causes evident from the history and evaluation, such as severe intravascular volume depletion, acute tubular necrosis but there is no report on this population in Vietnamese adult patients. Objective: To investigate on acute renal failure complicating of nephrotic syndrome. Subjects and method: Patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who were admitted with acute renal failure have been enrolled to investigate the clinical findings, laboratory check up and histology examination. Results:We present 33 patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who were admitted with acute renal failure between June 1997 and June 1998. We describe the clinical and renal pathology features of these patients in whom reversible idiopathic acute renal failure developed during the course of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS). Improvement in renal function occurred in 80% of patients over a variable period of 10 days to 14 days. The histology findings are interstitial edema, tubular obstruction. Conclusions: Acute renal failure complicating of nephritic syndrome is reversible, the exact pathophysiology of ARF is not understood. Possible causes include edema, tubular obstruction, altered glomerular permeability, and unrecognized hypovolemia.

Study on the colony of lymphocyte B, T in the treatment of the bronchial asthma combining with the traditional Qi training

A study on the combination of treatment and traditional Qi training for 65 patients with bronchial asthma in the National hospital of traditional medicine in 1992 has shown that the number of colony of the lymphocyte B,T, T-CD 8 after Qi training were a statistical insignificant different from this before Qi training (p= 0.05) the number of colony of the lymphocyte T- CD4 were reduced a statistical significant from this before QI training (p= 0.05). This indicated the correlation with the extend of obstruction of ventilation. The rate of T- CD4 and T-CD8 after Qi training was a statistical significant different from this before Qi training (p= 0.05).

Some opinions of coagulation in artherosclerosis

A hemotasis study of 93 cases of arteriosclerosis in Vietnames patients showed: -A hemorrhage tendency of extrinsic pathway abnormalities. -A thrombotic tendency by increasing fibrinogen, factor VII,factor VIII. The C reactive protein (CRP), specific for inflammatory process can be used for evaluation of physiopathology and plaque evolution.

Efficacy of Eprex in the treatment of anemia in predialysis patients with chronic renal failure

Eprex used to treat anemia and improves quality of life, assessment and exercise capacity in predialysis patients. There are two groups of predialysis patients with Hemoglobin <100 g/dl, follow up 5 months in our study: group A (n=17; Eprex- treated predialysis patients) for the treatment by Eprex with 2000 UI x 2 time/week x 2 months, and continuous 2000 UI/week x 3 months; group B non anemia treatment (n=11 non Eprex - treated predialysis patients). The results after 5 months follow up: group A receiving Eprex had higher RBC, Hb and Ht levels than those non receiving Eprex (group B) with P<0.001. The Eprex - treated predialysis patients in group A for a duration of 5 months and observed no accelerated decline in renal function compared with non - Eprex treated predialysis patients, treatment of anemia might improved energy level and physical function.

Blood lipoprotein disorder in patients with chronic renal failure treated by periodical hemodialysis

A study on 31 patients with chronic renal failure treated by periodical hemodialysis during 1995 - 1999 has shown that the rate of blood lipoprotein disorder was 56 -60%, this disorder was not improved by periodical hemodialysis. Most frequent disorder was disorder of ApoB, followed by triglyceride, HDL-C and LDL-C. Indicator of cholesterol/HDL-C and LDL-C increased significantly as increased time. The blood lipid disorder increased significantly in the group of hypertensive patients with periodical hemodialysis. The major cause of death was cardiovascular complications.

Situation of blood using and blood product of hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City

Blood and blood product used for 3 years - Whole blood: 86.10% and 84.91% of which used in operation of surgery and obstetric.- Packed red blood cell: 53.52% used of for curing hematopathy and 20.32% used for curing oncology hospital. - Platelet concentrate used for treating in clinical hematology and oncology hospital.

Situation of the blood donation in Ho Chi Minh redcross during 1995- 1996

In 1995: 10,283 units. In 1996: 16,473 units. In 1997: 23,304. In 1998: 27,736 units. Total: 77,796 units. Rate of refusal units: In 1995: 12.81%. In 1996: 10.67%. In 1997: 11.31%. In 1998: 17.78%. Reasons: HBsAg(+): 8.66%. Anti HCV (+): 3.17%. Anti HIV (+): 0.36%. VDRL (+): 1.04%. Malaria (+): 0.33%. Abnormal antibodies (+): 0.34%. High lipid in unit: 630 units (0.80%). Blood clotting: 10 units (0.01%).

Quality management network on the blood transfusion

The Ho Chi Minh Center for hematology and blood transfusion has been completing the quality management network on the blood bank to assure that the blood products meet the requirement of the ISO9002 including quality management of blood donors (standard making, training on the blood collection; clinical tests and quality management in the preservation, storage, transport, distribution of blood and its components.