Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen can be safely diagnosed by a core percutaneous ultrasound-guided biopsy.

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) is a rare benign lesion of the spleen. SANT cannot be distinguished from other benign or malignant splenic tumors based on imaging findings. So, diagnosis relies on histopathologic examination. Although splenectomy is frequently considered as an option, core needle biopsy tissue analysis is safe and accurate to avoid surgery.

Using a station within an objective structured clinical examination to assess interprofessional competence performance among undergraduate nursing students.

AIM/OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyse the use of a station within an OSCE to assess interprofessional competence performance in undergraduate nursing students. The specific objectives were: - To measure the students' level of competence performance in relation to the interprofessional competences Roles and Responsibilities, Communication and Teamwork. - To determine inter-observer concordance in the assessment of the interprofessional competences. BACKGROUND: Teamwork competencies are key to improving patient safety and avoiding medical errors. Today, healthcare professionals work in interdisciplinary teams. To foster a culture of safety, some of the measures that can be taken at the individual, team and organisational levels include fostering clear communication among team members, knowledge of respective roles and functions, and deepening team functioning through respect and trust in judgement and capabilities. The World Health Organization recommends starting to develop these competencies in university studies, through interprofessional education. There are numerous programmes in universities all over the world, but more research is needed on the assessment of interprofessional education activities, preferably through objective methods. Competency performance can be assessed by an external evaluator, in a simulated environment, with the Objective Structured Clinical Examination, which is widely used in nursing. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: 63 second-year nursing undergraduate students completed an interprofessional competencies station within an 8-station OSCE. Communication, Roles and Responsibility and Teamwork competences were assessed. The Interprofessional Collaborator Assessment Rubric (ICAR) was used as a model to assess the performance of students. Inter-observer concordance analysis was performed using the kappa coefficient and the concordance rate. RESULTS: 92.1% of students reached a good level in communication competence, 88.9% in roles and responsibility competence, and 55.6% in teamwork competence. The global concordance rate was 83.8%, and the kappa coefficient was 0.67. CONCLUSIONS: Most students have demonstrated interprofessional competence performance at a good level. However, the inter-observer concordance obtained for some of the items was not as expected. The assessment of interprofessional competencies, as it deals mainly with relational and communicative aspects, requires greater preparation both in terms of the specification of assessment items and in agreement between examiners.

Hacia rutas saludables: efecto de las etiquetas nutricionales en las conductas alimentarias en un comedor universitario / Towards healthy pathways: Effect of nutrition labels on eating behaviours in a university canteen

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de incluir información nutricional y de propiedades de los alimentos en un comedor universitario de Salamanca (España), para promover las conductas alimentarias saludables. Diseño: Estudio experimental y correlacional transversal. Emplazamiento: Comedor universitario de Salamanca (España). Participantes: En el experimento se recogió información de la elección de 1.122 menús por parte de estudiantes universitarios. El cuestionario fue respondido por 48 estudiantes universitarios que participaron en el experimento. Medidores principales: Metodología mixta (experimento de campo y cuestionario en línea). La variable independiente fue la inclusión o no de información nutricional de los menús. Con el cuestionario se evaluó la actitud de los estudiantes sobre este tipo de herramientas. Resultados: El experimento muestra una mejora en la dieta de los estudiantes universitarios con la inclusión de elementos informativos que apelan a la elección más saludable, aumentando su consumo de fruta, verduras, legumbres, pescado y carne blanca. Los encuestados mostraron un alto grado de receptividad de estas herramientas para la promoción de la salud. A pesar de esto, su autopercepción de mejoría de la dieta era más optimista que lo cuantificado en el experimento. Los estudiantes universitarios muestran un grado de aprobación muy alto frente a otras herramientas de promoción de alimentación saludable, especialmente aquellas de carácter educativo e informativo. Se comprobó que una preocupación mayor por la dieta estaba asociada con un mayor apoyo de estas herramientas. Conclusión: Existe una mejora en la alimentación de los estudiantes universitarios y una actitud positiva frente a herramientas de promoción de la salud, especialmente por parte de quienes tienen una autopercepción más saludable.(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of including nutritional and food properties information in a university canteen in Salamanca (Spain) to promote healthy eating behaviours. Design: Experimental and correlational cross-sectional study. Location: University Dining Hall of Salamanca (Spain). Participants: In the experiment, information was collected on the choice of 1122 menus by university students. The questionnaire was answered by 48 university students who participated in the experiment. Main measurements: Mixed methodology (field experiment and online questionnaire). The independent variable was the inclusion or not of nutritional information from the menus. The questionnaire was used to evaluate the students’ attitude towards this type of tool. Results: The experiment shows an improvement in the diet of university students with the inclusion of information elements that appeal to the healthiest choice, increasing their consumption of fruit, vegetables, legumes, fish and white meat. The students surveyed showed a high degree of receptivity to these health promotion tools. Despite this, their self-perception of dietary improvement was more optimistic than that quantified in the experiment. University students showed a very high degree of approval of other health promotion tools, especially those of an educational and informative nature. A greater concern for diet was associated with greater support for these tools. Conclusion: There is an improvement in the diet of university students and a positive attitude towards health promotion tools, especially by those with a healthier self-perception. There is a need for new tools based on behavioural sciences in health promotion by private industry and public entities.(AU)

[Towards healthy pathways: Effect of nutrition labels on eating behaviours in a university canteen]. / Hacia rutas saludables: efecto de las etiquetas nutricionales en las conductas alimentarias en un comedor universitario.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of including nutritional and food properties information in a university canteen in Salamanca (Spain) to promote healthy eating behaviours. DESIGN: Experimental and correlational cross-sectional study. LOCATION: University Dining Hall of Salamanca (Spain). PARTICIPANTS: In the experiment, information was collected on the choice of 1122 menus by university students. The questionnaire was answered by 48 university students who participated in the experiment. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Mixed methodology (field experiment and online questionnaire). The independent variable was the inclusion or not of nutritional information from the menus. The questionnaire was used to evaluate the students' attitude towards this type of tool. RESULTS: The experiment shows an improvement in the diet of university students with the inclusion of information elements that appeal to the healthiest choice, increasing their consumption of fruit, vegetables, legumes, fish and white meat. The students surveyed showed a high degree of receptivity to these health promotion tools. Despite this, their self-perception of dietary improvement was more optimistic than that quantified in the experiment. University students showed a very high degree of approval of other health promotion tools, especially those of an educational and informative nature. A greater concern for diet was associated with greater support for these tools. CONCLUSION: There is an improvement in the diet of university students and a positive attitude towards health promotion tools, especially by those with a healthier self-perception. There is a need for new tools based on behavioural sciences in health promotion by private industry and public entities.

[Impact of university students lifestyle in the promotion of public health policies. The case of nudges.] / Impacto del estilo de vida de los estudiantes universitarios en la promoción de políticas públicas en salud. El caso de los nudges.

OBJECTIVE: In the last decade, public policy makers are applying new tools to promote healthy habits, starting from the behavioral economics sciences and social psychology. These tools are known as nudges, and before being applied, the degree of acceptance that the population presents about them must be analyzed. The objective of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between the lifestyle of the university population and the degree of acceptance of tools for the promotion of public health policies. METHODS: Cross-sectional correlational study of a representative sample of 590 university students (95% CI, α=5%) from Spanish universities using an online questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed applying Chi-squared test and Student t-test for independent samples. RESULTS: Young university students have an inadequate diet, with a deficient consumption of fruit and vegetables (only 27.8% consume them several times a day, the recommended daily amount being 5 pieces) and a high consumption of junk food, alcohol (68.81% and 63.39%, respectively, consumed between 1 and 2 times a week) and meat (consumed 3 to 4 times a week by 46.61%). By correlating the socio-demographic variables with food, significant results were found. The group of men, the youngest students, who are more supportive of the political right, and the religious practitioners, are the ones with the worst habits. In addition, those with older, more affiliated with the political left, less religious practice and better eating habits, they performed more responsible habits. There was a positive correlation between approval of nudges and responsible habits and less meat consumption (p<0,001), being significant in the nudges on food. CONCLUSIONS: The acceptance of public policies on health is related to healthy eating and to the most socially committed behaviors. In addition, these factors are more frequent among women, the older group, who show more support for the political left and have fewer religious beliefs.

OBJETIVO: En la última década, los responsables de políticas públicas están aplicando nuevas herramientas para el fomento de hábitos saludables, partiendo de las ciencias de la economía conductual y la psicología social. Estas herramientas se conocen como nudges, y antes de ser aplicadas ha de analizarse el grado de aceptación que la población presenta sobre ellas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si existía relación entre el estilo de vida de la población universitaria y el grado de aceptación de herramientas para el fomento de políticas públicas en salud. METODOS: Se elaboró un estudio correlacional transversal de una muestra representativa de 590 estudiantes universitarios (IC 95%, α=5%) de universidades españolas, mediante un cuestionario en línea. Se realizaron análisis bivariados y multivariados aplicando chi-cuadrado y la prueba t de Student para muestras independientes. RESULTADOS: Los jóvenes universitarios tienen una alimentación inadecuada, con un deficiente consumo de fruta y verdura (solo el 27,8% las consumen varias veces al día, siendo la cantidad diaria recomendada de 5 piezas) y un consumo elevado de comida basura, alcohol (el 68,81% y el 63,39%, respectivamente, los consumían entre 1 y 2 veces por semana) y carne (consumida de 3 a 4 veces por semana por el 46,61%). Al correlacionar las variables sociodemográficas con la alimentación se encontraron resultados significativos, siendo los hombres y los estudiantes más jóvenes que apoyaban más a la derecha política, y los practicantes de alguna religión quienes tenían peores hábitos. Se obtuvo una correlación positiva entre la aprobación de nudges y los hábitos responsables con el menor consumo de carne (p<0,001), siendo significativo en los nudges que abordaban medidas sobre alimentación. CONCLUSIONES: La aceptación de políticas públicas en salud está relacionada con la alimentación saludable y con las conductas socialmente más comprometidas. Además, estos factores son más frecuentes entre las mujeres, en el grupo de mayor edad, entre quienes muestran más apoyo a la izquierda política y entre quienes tienen menos creencias religiosas.

Impacto del estilo de vida de los estudiantes universitarios en la promoción de políticas públicas en salud. El caso de los nudges / Impact of university students lifestyle in the promotion of public health policies. The case of nudges

OBJETIVO: En la última década, los responsables de políticas públicas están aplicando nuevas herramientas para el fomento de hábitos saludables, partiendo de las ciencias de la economía conductual y la psicología social. Estas herramientas se conocen como nudges, y antes de ser aplicadas ha de analizarse el grado de aceptación que la población presenta sobre ellas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si existía relación entre el estilo de vida de la población universitaria y el grado de aceptación de herramientas para el fomento de políticas públicas en salud. MÉTODOS: Se elaboró un estudio correlacional transversal de una muestra representativa de 590 estudiantes universitarios (IC 95%, alfa=5%) de universidades españolas, mediante un cuestionario en línea. Se realizaron análisis bivariados y multivariados aplicando chi-cuadrado y la prueba t de Student para muestras independientes. RESULTADOS: Los jóvenes universitarios tienen una alimentación inadecuada, con un deficiente consumo de fruta y verdura (solo el 27,8% las consumen varias veces al día, siendo la cantidad diaria recomendada de 5 piezas) y un consumo elevado de comida basura, alcohol (el 68,81% y el 63,39%, respectivamente, los consumían entre 1 y 2 veces por semana) y carne (consumida de 3 a 4 veces por semana por el 46,61%). Al correlacionar las variables sociodemográficas con la alimentación se encontraron resultados significativos, siendo los hombres y los estudiantes más jóvenes que apoyaban más a la derecha política, y los practicantes de alguna religión quienes tenían peores hábitos. Se obtuvo una correlación positiva entre la aprobación de nudges y los hábitos responsables con el menor consumo de carne (p < 0,001), siendo significativo en los nudges que abordaban medidas sobre alimentación. CONCLUSIONES: La aceptación de políticas públicas en salud está relacionada con la alimentación saludable y con las conductas socialmente más comprometidas. Además, estos factores son más frecuentes entre las mujeres, en el grupo de mayor edad, entre quienes muestran más apoyo a la izquierda política y entre quienes tienen menos creencias religiosas

OBJECTIVE: In the last decade, public policy makers are applying new tools to promote healthy habits, starting from the behavioral economics sciences and social psychology. These tools are known as nudges, and before being applied, the degree of acceptance that the population presents about them must be analyzed. The objective of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between the lifestyle of the university population and the degree of acceptance of tools for the promotion of public health policies. METHODS: Cross-sectional correlational study of a representative sample of 590 university students (95% CI, Alpha=5%) from Spanish universities using an online questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed applying Chi-squared test and Student t-test for independent samples. RESULTS: Young university students have an inadequate diet, with a deficient consumption of fruit and vegetables (only 27.8% consume them several times a day, the recommended daily amount being 5 pieces) and a high consumption of junk food, alcohol (68.81% and 63.39%, respectively, consumed between 1 and 2 times a week) and meat (consumed 3 to 4 times a week by 46.61%). By correlating the socio-demographic variables with food, significant results were found. The group of men, the youngest students, who are more supportive of the political right, and the religious practitioners, are the ones with the worst habits. In addition, those with older, more affiliated with the political left, less religious practice and better eating habits, they performed more responsible habits. There was a positive correlation between approval of nudges and responsible habits and less meat consumption (p < 0,001), being significant in the nudges on food. CONCLUSIONS: The acceptance of public policies on health is related to healthy eating and to the most socially committed behaviors. In addition, these factors are more frequent among women, the older group, who show more support for the political left and have fewer religious beliefs

[Mechanisms for strengthening clinical research: the Colombian experienceMecanismos para o fortalecimento da pesquisa clínica: a experiência colombiana]. / Mecanismos para el fortalecimiento de la investigación clínica: la experiencia colombiana.

This article describes the regulatory changes and procedures introduced in Colombia that created favorable technical conditions for clinical trials of drugs in the country. The impact of these measures was measured in terms of the number of research centers certified in good clinical practice, the time taken to evaluate clinical trial protocols, and the quality of the concepts developed. Using public information sources or data from the literature, the study found that adoption of the regulation requiring certification in good clinical practice and the change in the procedure for evaluating clinical trial protocols contributed to the quality and timeliness of clinical research in Colombia. Nevertheless, it is clear that the strengthening of regulatory agencies should be accompanied by the review and amendment of the regulations governing other actors in the clinical research ecosystem to guarantee the safety of clinical trials and that more studies should be conducted in the country.

Neste artigo é descrita a reforma regulatória e os processos implementados na Colômbia que possibilitaram criar condições técnicas favoráveis para a pesquisa clínica com medicamentos no país. A repercussão das medidas adotadas foi avaliada com base no número de centros de pesquisa certificados em boas práticas clínicas, prazos para análise dos protocolos de estudos clínicos e qualidade dos pareceres emitidos. Com a consulta a fontes públicas de informação ou dados da literatura, verificou-se que a instauração de regulamentação para certificação em boas práticas clínicas e a mudança do processo de análise dos protocolos de estudos clínicos contribuíram para a qualidade e a condução oportuna da pesquisa clínica na Colômbia. Apesar dos resultados obtidos, é evidente que, além do fortalecimento dos órgãos reguladores, faz-se necessário examinar e atualizar a regulamentação relacionada a outros atores do ecossistema de pesquisa clínica para garantir condições seguras para a condução de estudos clínicos e o aumento do volume de estudos realizados no país.

Mecanismos para el fortalecimiento de la investigación clínica: la experiencia colombiana

[RESUME]. En este artículo se describen los cambios regulatorios y los procesos implementados en Colombia que permitieron crear las condiciones técnicas favorables para la investigación clínica con medicamentos en el país. El impacto de las medidas tomadas se midió en términos del número de centros de investigación certificados en buenas prácticas clínicas, los tiempos de evaluación de los protocolos de estudios clínicos y la calidad de los conceptos emitidos. Mediante el uso de fuentes de información públicas o datos de la literatura, se pudo determinar que el establecimiento de la regulación que exige la certificación en buenas prácticas clínicas y el cambio de procedimiento de evaluación de los protocolos de estudios clínicos contribuyeron a la calidad y oportunidad de la investigación clínica en Colombia. A pesar de los resultados obtenidos, es claro que, además del fortalecimiento de las agencias regulatorias, se debe llevar a cabo una revisión y actualización de la regulación relacionada con otros actores del ecosistema de investigación clínica para que se puedan garantizar condiciones seguras para la realización de estudios clínicos junto con un incremento del número de estudios que se efectúan en el país.

[ABSTRACT]. This article describes the regulatory changes and procedures introduced in Colombia that created favorable technical conditions for clinical trials of drugs in the country. The impact of these measures was measured in terms of the number of research centers certified in good clinical practice, the time taken to evaluate clinical trial protocols, and the quality of the concepts developed. Using public information sources or data from the literature, the study found that adoption of the regulation requiring certification in good clinical practice and the change in the procedure for evaluating clinical trial protocols contributed to the quality and timeliness of clinical research in Colombia. Nevertheless, it is clear that the strengthening of regulatory agencies should be accompanied by the review and amendment of the regulations governing other actors in the clinical research ecosystem to guarantee the safety of clinical trials and that more studies should be conducted in the country.

[RESUMO]. Neste artigo é descrita a reforma regulatória e os processos implementados na Colômbia que possibilitaram criar condições técnicas favoráveis para a pesquisa clínica com medicamentos no país. A repercussão das medidas adotadas foi avaliada com base no número de centros de pesquisa certificados em boas práticas clínicas, prazos para análise dos protocolos de estudos clínicos e qualidade dos pareceres emitidos. Com a consulta a fontes públicas de informação ou dados da literatura, verificou-se que a instauração de regulamentação para certificação em boas práticas clínicas e a mudança do processo de análise dos protocolos de estudos clínicos contribuíram para a qualidade e a condução oportuna da pesquisa clínica na Colômbia. Apesar dos resultados obtidos, é evidente que, além do fortalecimento dos órgãos reguladores, faz-se necessário examinar e atualizar a regulamentação relacionada a outros atores do ecossistema de pesquisa clínica para garantir condições seguras para a condução de estudos clínicos e o aumento do volume de estudos realizados no país.

Mitos o leyendas urbanas relacionadas con la salud en estudiantes universitarios / Health myths or urban legends of university students

Objetivos: determinar el grado de conocimiento de una serie de mitos relacionados con la salud y el grado de credibilidad que éstos tienen en una población de alumnos universitarios de primer curso de distintas carreras,en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal en el curso académico2009-2010 sobre una población de alumnos de primer curso de Grado de Enfermería, Grado de Odontología y Grado de Fisioterapia. Se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado de elaboración propia que conteníapreguntas sobre 10 mitos relacionados con la salud, además de variables sociodemográficas. Se calcularon índices de estadística descriptiva y para el análisis bivariante se utilizó la χ2 , la t de Student y ANOVA.Resultados: participaron 149 alumnos en el estudio (50 de Enfermería,54 de Fisioterapia y 45 de Odontología). Su edad media fue de 19,7 años, siendo el 57% mujeres. En lo relacionado con los mitos planteados manifestaron conocer una media de 7 (DE: 1,7) y consideraban que eran ciertos una media de 4,5 (DE:1,6). La única variable que se asoció con mayor conocimiento de mitos fue el sexo (femenino), mientras que tener más edad y el haber trabajado en el ámbito de la salud se asoció con un mayor porcentaje de mitos en los que creían.Conclusiones: los mitos relacionados con la salud son conocidos porlos futuros sanitarios antes de comenzar sus estudios y la mayoría son considerados como ciertos. Es importante transmitir a los alumnos de Ciencias de la Salud que han de contrastar el fundamento científico de toda aquella información oral que reciban o a través de la red (AU)

Objectives: to determine the level of knowledge held on a series of health-related myths and their degree of credibility in a population composed of first cycle university students from different academic programs,in the school of health sciences of the European University of Madrid. Material and methods: cross-sectional descriptive study during the2009-2010 school year using a population composed of first cycle Nursing, Dentistry and Physical Therapy university students. A self-elaborated structured questionnaire that contained questions on 10 health-relatedmyths and sociodemographic variables was used. Descriptive statistical indexes were calculated and χ2, Student’s t test and ANOVA were utilizedfor the bivariate analysis.Results: 149 students participated in the study (50 from Nursing School,54 from Physical Therapy and 45 from Dentistry). Their mean age was19,7 years, and 57% were women. In regards to the myths presented,the students reported being aware of an average of 7 (SD: 1,7) and considered an average of 4,5 (SD: 1,6) to be true. The only variable associated with a greater knowledge of myths was sex (female), while being older and having worked in the health field were associated with a larger percentage of believed myths.Conclusions: future healthcare professionals are aware of health myths prior to starting their studies and most of these myths are considered to be true. It is important to explain to Health Sciences students that they should contrast the scientific basis of all information received by word of mouth or on the Internet (AU)