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1.
Cir Pediatr ; 23(1): 24-7, 2010 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20578573

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: The swallowing disorder is an impediment to feed the patient. The percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) offers importants advantages over nasogastric tube feeding in patients who need long-term enteral nutrition with difficulty to swallow and to failure to thrive. METHODS: We have achieved 40 PEG in our department over the past 10 years. We registered date of the age, weight, indications, types of PEG, the time to first change, evolution of weight and percentiles and the complications. RESULTS: The average age of our patients was 5 years, 30% under 1 year. We used mostly tubes between 9 and 15 Fr and increasing the size according to nutritional needs. The average weight at the time of PEG placement was 13 kg. The main indications were the impossibility to swallow and failure to thrive and the principal diagnosis was the encephalopathy in 45% of cases. The surgical technique was successful in 100%. Of the complications, only two patients required surgery, a gastrocolic fistula and a laparotomy about broken tube of gastrostomy that has been caught in the cecum. In our series we reported 11 cases of mortality from causes unrelated to the gastrotmy. CONCLUSIONS: The PEG is a good alternative to nasogastric tube in patients with swallowing disorders or failure to thrive in chronic diseases, even in children under one year. The early placement of the PEG support the growth development in these patients with chronic disease who require enteral nutrition for long periods. Probably, the time of placement should be more precocious in chronic patients as well tolerated and may have a long life with a good care.


Subject(s)
Gastroscopy , Gastrostomy/methods , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Gastroscopy/adverse effects , Gastrostomy/adverse effects , Humans , Infant , Male , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies
2.
Cir Pediatr ; 23(1): 28-31, 2010 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20578574

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: The masses that we can be found at interlabial in a girl are a extensive spectrum of heterogenous lesions and often there is a confusion in diagnosis, management and prognosis. METHODS: We present 5 cases of interlabial masses, prolapsed urethra, two paraurethral Skene cysts, botryoid sarcoma and fibroepithelial polyp, and its clinical of debut. RESULTS: A prolapsed urethra is presented in a 4-year-old black girl with vaginal bleeding from edamatous periurethral mass. The paraurethral cyst is a yellowish cystic mass displacing the urethral meatus in two newborn girls. The fibroepithelial polyp is presented in a newborn girl as polipoid and wartlike tumor and not bleeding injury in the introitus. The botryoid sarcoma appears in a 1-year-old girl with ulcerated polypoid mass of 2 cm from vagina. All cases were treated with surgery except the paraurethral cyst that drained spontaneously and the rhabdomyosarcoma was also treated with chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: There must be a good clinical examinations about interlabial masses distinguishing genital or urological origin. The surgery is indicated mainly to reject malignancy because the presentation of sarcoma and polyp could be similar. The prognosis of rhabdomyosarcoma vaginal is good with surgery and chemotherapy. The prolapsed urethra is more common in prepubertal black girls and it is important to exclude sexual abuse. The management of paraurethral cyst is controversial but some authors are advised first observation because they may regress.


Subject(s)
Vulvar Diseases/diagnosis , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn
3.
Cir. pediátr ; 23(2): 107-110, abr. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-107252

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Presentar nuestra experiencia en el politraumatizado grave con ingreso en UCI pediátrica. Material y método. Se ha realizado un estudio retrospectivo de 78pacientes pediátricos ingresados en UCI por politraumatismo entre 2000y 2008 recogiendo variables de edad, sexo, época del año, lugar, mecanismo, Glasgow e ITP, tipo de lesiones, complicaciones, días de ingreso y fallecimientos. Se lleva a cabo el estudio descriptivo y analítico utilizando el SPSS 15.0 aplicando Chi cuadrado y Correlación de Pearson. Resultados. La edad media de los pacientes es de 8,5 ± 4,2 años siendo el 70% varones. Ocurren más accidentes en verano (37%), el lugar más frecuente es la carretera (47%) y el mecanismo el accidente de tráfico (45%). Ha habido un 15% de éxitus, de los cuales el 75% ocurre en las primeras 24 horas. Existe relación entre trauma abdominal y tipo de mecanismo (p<0,05), siendo el más frecuente el accidente de (..) (AU)


Objective. To present our experience with severe pediatric trauma. The pediatric trauma is the leading cause of death in children under2 years. Methods. We achieved a retrospective study from 78 pediatric patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (UCI) for multiple trauma between 2000 and 2008. Age, sex, season, location, mechanism, Glasgow and ITP, type of injuries, complications, days of hospitalization and deaths were reviewed. It was performed descriptive and analytical study using the SPSS 15.0 and chi square and Pearson correlation were applied. Outcomes. The mean age of patients was of 8.5 ± 4.2 years with (..) (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Multiple Trauma/complications , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Mortality/statistics & numerical data , Glasgow Outcome Scale
4.
Cir. pediátr ; 23(1): 24-27, ene. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-107234

ABSTRACT

La alteración en la deglución constituye un impedimento para la alimentación del paciente. La gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea(PEG) es una buena alternativa a la sonda nasogástrica (SNG) en pacientes que precisan nutrición enteral prolongada debido a problemas enla deglución o falta de medro. Material y métodos. Hemos realizado 40 PEG en nuestro Servicio en los últimos 10 años. Se han recogido datos de edad, peso, indicación, tipos de PEG, tiempo transcurrido hasta el primer cambio, pesoevolutivo y percentiles y complicaciones. Resultados. La edad media de nuestros pacientes fue de 5 años, delos cuales el 30% son menores de 1 año. Se utilizaron en su mayoría (..) (AU)


The swallowing disorder is an impediment to feed the patient. The percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) offers importants advantages over nasogastric tube feeding in patients who need long-term enteral nutrition with difficulty to swallow and to failure to thrive. Methods. We have achieved 40 PEG in our department over the past 10 years. We registered date of the age, weight, indications, types of PEG, the time to first change, evolution of weight and percentiles and the complications. Results. The average age of our patients was 5 years, 30% under1 year. We used mostly tubes between 9 and 15 Fr and increasing the (..) (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Deglutition Disorders/surgery , Gastrostomy/methods , Intubation, Gastrointestinal , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Quality of Life , Antibiotic Prophylaxis
5.
Cir. pediátr ; 23(1): 28-31, ene. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-107235

ABSTRACT

Las masas que podemos encontrar a nivel interlabial en una niña representan un amplio espectro de lesiones heterogéneas y a menudo existe confusión en su diagnóstico, manejo y pronóstico. Material y métodos. Se presentan 5 casos de masas interlabiales, prolapso uretral, dos quistes parauretrales de Skene, sarcoma botrioidevaginal y pólipo fibroepitelial de vagina, y su clínica de debut. Resultados. El prolapso uretral se presenta en una niña de 4 años (..) (AU)


We present 5 cases of interlabial masses, prolapsed urethra, two paraurethral Skene cysts, botryoid sarcoma and fibroepithelial polyp, and its clinical of debut. Results. A prolapsed urethra is presented in a 4 year old black girl with vaginal bleeding from edamatous periurethral mass. The paraurethral cyst is a yellowish cystic mass displacing the urethral meatus in two newborn girls. The fibroepithelial polyp is presented in a newborn girl as polipoid and wart like tumor and not bleeding injury in the introitus. The botryoid sarcoma appears in a 1 year old girl with ulcerated polypoid mass of 2 cm from vagina. All cases were treated with (..) (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Vulvar Neoplasms/diagnosis , Female Urogenital Diseases/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Prolapse , Cysts/diagnosis , Ureterocele/pathology , Child Abuse, Sexual , Polyps/diagnosis , Rhabdomyosarcoma/diagnosis
6.
Cir Pediatr ; 23(2): 107-10, 2010 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21298921

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To present our experience with severe pediatric trauma. The pediatric trauma is the leading cause of death in children under 2 years. METHODS: We achieved a retrospective study from 78 pediatric patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (UCI) for multiple trauma between 2000 and 2008. Age, sex, season, location, mechanism, Glasgow and ITP, type of injuries, complications, days of hospitalization and deaths were reviewed. It was performed descriptive and analytical study using the SPSS 15.0 and chi square and Pearson correlation were applied. OUTCOMES: The mean age of patients was of 8.5 +/- 4.2 years with 70% boys. Most accidents occurred in summer (37%) and the most common site was the road (47%). There was 15% of mortality, which the 75% occurred in the first 24 hours. There is an association between abdominal trauma and type of mechanism (p < 0.05). The most common mechanism was the traffic accident (45%) followed by a direct hit. Both ITP as Glasgow score were associated significantly with mortality and complications and with the hospital stay in the UCI there was a weak association but significant and negative (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality is higher than other series but it may be because that these series include minor injuries. The fall down is the most frequent in pediatric emergencies but it was the mechanism that involves less admission to the UCI. Both ITP as Glasgow score are good indicators of severity and if their values decrease, the hospital stay in UCI and the mortality increase.


Subject(s)
Multiple Trauma , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Male , Multiple Trauma/epidemiology , Patient Admission/standards , Retrospective Studies
7.
Cir Pediatr ; 22(2): 55-60, 2009 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19715125

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: Pancreatic pseudocysts (PQP) are rare in childhood and management tends to be individualized and controversial, and it is a challenge for the pediatric surgeon. The aim of this study is to determine the best management strategies in each patient. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of children admitted to our institution with the diagnosis of PQP and review of literature between 1990 and 2007. RESULTS: We report two children with postraumatic PQP that respond to non-operative management and 284 cases that were reported in literature (76% after blunt abdominal trauma). 26% of these patients had complete resolution of PQP with conservative management and the others patients required surgical intervention: external percutaneous drainage (18.6%), non-percutanueous external drainage drenaje (3.87%), cystogastrostomy (28.87%), cystojejunostomy o pancreaticojejunostomy (9.5%), endoscopic drainage (9.5%) or distal pancreatectomy (3.5%). CONCLUSION: The choice of treatment depends on the surgeon's experience and management of the endoscopic techniques, as well as the availability of interventionist radiology. Asymptomatic PQP in children does no require any specific intervention other than expectant management, especially in patients with trauma-induced PQP. Children with persistent clinical symptoms or those who developed complications may require further intervention.


Subject(s)
Pancreatic Pseudocyst , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Pancreatic Pseudocyst/diagnosis , Pancreatic Pseudocyst/therapy , Retrospective Studies
8.
Cir. pediátr ; 22(2): 55-60, abr. 2009.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-107186

ABSTRACT

Los pseudoquistes pancreáticos (PQP) son poco frecuentes en la infancia, por lo que su manejo es controvertido y supone un reto para el cirujano pediátrico. Nuestro objetivo es establecer unas pautas de actuación y determinar el tipo de tratamiento más indicado en cada paciente. Material y métodos: Revisión retrospectiva de los paciente con PQP atendidos en nuestro Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica así como los casos publicados en la literatura mundial entre 1990 y 2007.Resultados: Presentamos dos niños con PQP tras un traumatismo abdominal que se resolvieron con tratamiento conservador. En la literatura hemos encontrado 284 casos descritos de niños con PQP, cuyo origen fue traumático en el 76% de los casos. En el 26% de los pacientes el PQP se resolvió con tratamiento conservador y el resto precisó algún tipo de intervención: drenaje percutáneo (18,6%), drenaje externo no percutáneo (3,87%), cistogastrostomía (28,87%), cistoyeyunostomía o pancreático yeyunostomía (9,5%), drenaje endoscópico (transpapilar, transduodenal o transgástrico) (9,.5%) o pancreatectomía distal (3,5%).Conclusión: Pensamos que los PQP asintomáticos, sobre todo de origen traumático, no requiren ninguna intervención y deben ser manejados de manera conservadora. Si aparecen síntomas persistentes o complicaciones, requieren cirugía. La elección del tratamiento dependerá de la experiencia del cirujano y de su manejo de las técnicas endoscópicas, así como de la disponibilidad de radiología intervensionista (AU)


Pancreatic pseudocysts (PQP) are rare in childhood and management tends to be individualized and controversial, and it is a challenge for the pediatric surgeon. The aim of this study is to determinate the best management strategies in each patient. Material and methods: Retrospective review of children admitted to our institution with the diagnosis of PQP and review of literature between 1990 and 2007Results: We report two children with postraumatic PQP that respond to non-operative management and 284 cases that were reported in literature ( 76% after blunt abdominal trauma). 26% of these patients had complete resolution of PQP with conservative management and the others patients required surgical intervention: external percutaneous drainage(18.6%), non-percutanueous external drainage drenaje (3.87%), cystogastrostomy (28.87%), cystojejunostomy o pancreaticojejunostomy(9.5%), endoscopic drainage (9.5%) or distal pancreatectomy (3.5%).Conclusion: The choice of treatment depends on the surgeon’s experience and management of the endoscopic techniques, as well as the availability of interventionist radiology. Asymptomatic PQP in children does no require any specific intervention other than expectant management, especially in patients with trauma-induced PQP. Children with persistent clinical symptoms or those who developed complications may require further intervention (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Child , Pancreatic Pseudocyst/surgery , Abdominal Injuries/complications , Retrospective Studies , Radiography, Interventional
9.
Cir Pediatr ; 21(2): 96-9, 2008 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18624278

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: The incidence of gallstones in childhood is 0.15%-0.22%. Frequency has increased in recent years due to a real increase or to a better diagnosis by ultrasound. The aim of our study is determinate the best treatment for every patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 71 children with cholelithiasis admitted to our hospital in the last 20 years. RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 43:28. Seventeen patients present predisposing factors that might be related to the formation of gallstones. This disease was a casual event in half the cases. In 24 patients the diagnosis was made during a study for inspecific abdominal pain and 14 children showed typical symptoms. Only one patient suffer from acute cholecystitis. In 21 cases we find a single stone and in the other cases there were a lot of stones. The gallstones disappeared spontaneously in two patients. Nine children received treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid, but this treatment was ineffective in 8 of them. 27 patients were operated: Six laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 9 open cholecystectomy, 9 cholecystolithotomy and 3 cholecystectomy with splenectomy. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend periodic checks with ultrasound and conservative management is suggested in asymptomatic children. Operative intervention is recommended for symptomatic patients. The surgical treatment of choice in our centre for patients with solitary gallstones and without inflammatory changes in the gallbladder is cholecystolithotomy. We didn't find reappearence of gallbladder after cholecystolithotomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the best treatment for children with non working gallbladder, "porcelain gallbladder" and in patients with haematologic disease and gallstones.


Subject(s)
Gallstones/surgery , Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures/methods , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Retrospective Studies
10.
Cir. pediátr ; 21(2): 96-99, abr. 2008.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-64550

ABSTRACT

La incidencia de litiasis biliar (LB) en la infancia se encuentra entre el 0,15 y el 0,22%, cifras que han aumentado en los últimos años, ya sea por un incremento real o debido al mejor diagnóstico mediante la ecografía. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es determinar cuál es el tratamiento de elección en cada tipo de pacientes. Material y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de 71 pacientes controlados en nuestro hospital en los últimos 20 años, con el diagnóstico de LB. Resultados. La distribución por sexo es de 28 mujeres y 43 hombres. Diecisiete pacientes presentaron antecedentes personales que podrían tener relación con la formación de cálculos biliares. En la mitad delos casos fue un hallazgo casual. El diagnóstico se realizó durante un estudio por dolor abdominal inespecífico en 24 pacientes y 14 presentaron síntomas típicos. Sólo un paciente presentó una colecistitis aguda. En 21 casos la litiasis era única; en el resto era múltiple. En dos pacientes se produjo la desaparición espontánea del cálculo. Recibieron tratamiento médico con ácido ursodeoxicólico 9 pacientes, sin observarse mejoría en 8 de ellos. Se intervino a 27 pacientes: 6 colecistectomías laparoscópicas, 9 colecistectomías abiertas, 9 colecistolitotomías, y 3 colecistectomias con esplenectomía. Conclusiones. Según nuestra experiencia, en los pacientes asintomáticos, sería recomendable realizar controles ecográficos periódicos y adoptar una conducta expectante, ya que es posible la desaparición espontánea de los cálculos. El tratamiento médico no parece tener una eficacia probada en estos pacientes. Aquellos que presenten clínica manifiesta deben someterse a un tratamiento quirúrgico. El tratamiento de elección en nuestro centro, especialmente en los últimos años, sería la colecistolitotomía en el caso de litiasis únicas y ausencia de cambios inflamatorios en la vesícula, dado el incremento de riesgo de cáncer de colon que ha sido descrito tras la colecistectomía. No hemos encontrado, en nuestra serie, recurrencia de los cálculos postcolecistolitotomía. La colecistectomía laparoscópica sería la técnica de elección en los pacientes con vesículas no funcionantes, vesículas de porcelanao LB de causa hematológica (AU)


The incidence of gallstones in childhood is 0,15%-0,22%. Frequency has increased in recent years due to a real increase or to a better diagnosis by ultrasound. The aim of our study is determinate the best treatment for every patient. Materials and methods. A retrospective study of 71 children with cholelithiasis admitted to our hospital in the last 20 years. Results. The male to female ratio was 43:28. Seventeen patients present predisposing factors that might be related to the formation of gallstones. This disease was a casual event in half the cases. In 24 patients the diagnosis was made during a study for in specific abdominal pain and 14 children showed typical symptoms. Only one patient suffer from acute cholecystitis. In 21 cases we find a single stone and in the other cases there were a lot of stones. The gallstones disappeared spontaneously in two patients. Nine children received treatment with ursodeoxycholicacid, but this treatment was ineffective in 8 of them. 27 patients were operated: Six laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 9 open cholecystectomy,9 cholecystolithotomy and 3 cholecystectomy with splenectomy. Conclusions. We recommend periodic checks with ultrasound and conservative management is suggested in asymptomatic children. Operative intervention is recommended for symptomatic patients. The surgical treatment of choice in our centre for patients with solitary gallstones and without inflammatory changes in the gallbladder is cholecystolithotomy. We didn´t find reappearence of gallbladder after cholecystolithotomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the best treatment for children with non-working gallbladder, “porcelain gallbladder” and inpatients with haematologic disease and gallstones (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Lithiasis/surgery , Gallstones/diagnosis , Gallstones/surgery , Cholecystitis/surgery , Splenectomy/methods , Gastroenteritis/diagnosis , Cholecystectomy/methods , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/methods , Risk Factors , Lithotripsy , Retrospective Studies , Cholecystitis/diagnosis , Gastroenteritis/complications , Hyperbilirubinemia/complications , Lithiasis/epidemiology , Dehydration/complications
11.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 65(6): 292-294, jun. 2007. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-055299

ABSTRACT

Los hemangiomas constituyen los tumores hepáticos vasculares más frecuentes durante la infancia. Casi siempre son de naturaleza benigna, y la mayoría de ellos se diagnostica casualmente, sin presentar relevancia clínica. Cuando son sintomáticos, se recomienda inicialmente realizar tratamiento médico con corticoides. Cuando falla el tratamiento médico en el control de los hemangiomas sintomáticos, deben aplicarse medidas más agresivas, como la ligadura de la arteria hepática, la embolización, la resección hepática, etc. Describimos el caso de un hemangioma hepático neonatal resistente al tratamiento médico, en el que se realizó exitosamente una ligadura selectiva de la arteria hepática


Hemangiomas are the most common type of hepatic vascular tumors in infants. They are nearly always benign, and most of them are diagnosed incidentally and have no clinical significance. When they produce symptoms, medical treatment, such as corticosteroid therapy, is initially recommended. If medical management fails to control symptomatic hemangiomas, they should be treated aggressively (by hepatic artery ligation, embolization, resection, etc.). We report the case of a hepatic hemangioma in a newborn infant that was resistant to medical treatment, but was successfully treated by selective hepatic artery ligation


Subject(s)
Male , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Hemangioma/pathology , Heart Failure/complications , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Hepatic Artery/surgery , Ligation
12.
Cir. pediátr ; 20(1): 25-28, ene. 2007.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-053339

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar los datos de anamnesis, clínicos, radiológicos, terapéuticos y endoscópicos, analizando 420 casos de aspiración de cuerpo extraño (ACE) tratados en nuestro Hospital entre los años 1972 y 2005. De los 420 casos en 13 de ellos (3,21%) no se encontró cuerpo extraño (CE) y 16 presentaron una localización laríngea. La media de edad es de 33 meses. Los hallazgos de anamnesis, exploración, auscultación y radiología fueron positivos en el 91,4, 78,3, 91,6 y 81% respectivamente. El episodio aspirativo no es solamente infravalorado en cuanto a su frecuencia, sino que muchas veces es excluido, en principio, como posible diagnóstico, como lo demuestra el hecho de que sólo 218 (51,9%) de los pacientes, acudieron al Hospital en las primeras 24 horas tras el accidente aspirativo. Esto llama la atención dado que el cuadro clínico de inicio es claro en el 87,8% de los casos y tiene una relativa gravedad en el 75,4%. Además, el CE extraído por nosotros y el ya conocido o sospechado por la familia coincide en el 82,95% de los casos. Creemos que ante la sospecha de ACE se impone la realización de una broncoscopia. La broncoscopia ha sido realizada por cirujanos pediátricos (AU)


The aim to this study is evaluate the history, symptoms, radiographic and endoscopic findings in 420 children who were admitted for suspected foreign body aspiration in our hospital between 1972 and 2005. In 13 children we didn´t find foreign body and in 16 children the foreign bodies were lodged in larynx. The mean age was 33 months. The medical history, phisical exploration, auscultation and radiological findings were positive in 91,4%, 78,3%, 91,6% and 81%. The frecuency or foreign body aspiration is undervaluate and sometimes is excluded as diagnosis. Only 218 (51,9%) patients went to the hospital in the first 24 hours, although 87,8% of patients presented symptoms and 75,4% presented severe symptoms. Moreover the removed foreign bodies and suspected foreign bodies are the same in 82,95%. We think that bronchoscopy should by performed in all children who have had a choking episode (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Foreign Bodies/surgery , Bronchoscopy/methods , Medical History Taking/methods , Treatment Outcome
13.
Cir. pediátr ; 20(1): 29-32, ene.2007. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-053340

ABSTRACT

Introducción. En nuestra sociedad siempre ha existido una gran preocupación por los límites de nuestra especialidad. Sin embargo nunca nos hemos planteado cuál es la situación de la endoscopia pediátrica. Por este motivo decidimos hacer una encuesta para valorar la situación actual de la endoscopia entre los cirujanos pediatras. Material y métodos. Se remitió una encuesta a 24 hospitales que disponen de cirugía pediátrica (CP) en su cartera de servicios, con unos ítems que son: hospital, número de camas de pediatría, número de camas de cirugía pediátrica, intervenciones quirúrgicas / año (que sirvió para clasificar los servicios en 4 grupos, según el volumen quirúrgico) y cual es el servicio encargado de las esofagogastroscopias, colonoscopias, dilataciones esofágicas, gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea (PEG), colangiopancreatografía endoscópica retrógrada (CPRE), broncoscopias rígidas y flexibles y número de todas estas exploraciones/ año. Resultados. Hemos recibido 22 respuestas al cuestionario (91,66%). Las endoscopias altas son realizadas en un 47,43% de los casos por cirugía pediátrica; (10 Unidades hacen el 100% de las de su Hospital) las colonoscopias en un 32,45% (8 Unidades hacen el 100% de las de su hospital). Las CPRE, todas menos 2 las hace digestivo de adultos, mientras que las dilataciones esofágicas y las PEG las hace en un 89,33% cirugía pediátrica. La broncoscopia rígida la realiza CP en 15 Unidades y la flexible es mixta entre CP, ORL, Neumología y Pediatría. Conclusiones. El alto grado de respuesta demuestra la preocupación que existe por afianzar determinadas técnicas dentro del ámbito de la CP. Las dilataciones esofágicas y las PEG son técnicas en manos de los cirujanos pediátricos. La CPRE está en manos de los endoscopistas de adultos. Las unidades que disponen de broncoscopia flexible hacen muchas más exploraciones. Habría que llegar a un consenso respecto a estas exploraciones, desde quién las debe realizar hasta el respaldo legal de quién las realiza (AU)


Introduction. Our society has shown always a great concern with the limits of our speciality. However, we have never approached the issue of pediatric endoscopy. For this reason, we have decided to carry our a survey to assess the present situation of endoscopy among surgeon pediatricians. Material and methods. Twenty-four hospitals whose services include pediatric surgery were sent a survey centred on the following items: name of hospital, number of beds, in pediatrics, number of surgical interventions per year (which enabled us to classify the services in four groups, depending on their surgical volume), which unit is in charge of esophagus-gastroscopy, colonoscopy, esophageal dilatation, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), endoscopic retrograde colangiopancreatography (ERCP), rigid and flexible bronchoscopy, and number of such examinations per year. Results. We received twenty-two answers to the survey (91,88%). The upper endoscopies are carried out in 47,43% of the cases by Pediatric Surgery, (ten units carry out the 100% of the endoscopies in their hospital). All but two ERCP are carry out by the unit of adult gastroenterology, whereas esophageal dilatation and PEG are carry out in 89.33% of cases by Pediatric Surgery. Rigid bronchoscopy is performed by Pediatric Surgery in fifteen units, while flexible bronchoscopy is performed by Pediatric Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology, Pneumology and Pediatrics. Conclusions. The high degree of response proved the concern with strengthening certain techniques in the field of Pediatric Surgery. Esophageal dilatations and PEG are techniques in the hands of pediatric surgeons, while ERCP is in the hands of adult endoscopists. The units that offer flexible bronchoscopy carry out many more examinations. It would be necessary to reach a consensus regarding various issues related to these examinations, ranging from who is qualified to carry them out to their legal assistance (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Child , Humans , Endoscopy/methods , Gastroscopy/methods , Bronchoscopy/methods , Colonoscopy/methods , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde/methods
14.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 65(3): 219-24, 2006 Sep.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16956500

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and radiological features, diagnosis, and treatment of an epidemic outbreak of tuberculosis in a daycare centre in Zaragoza. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The index case was a teaching assistant with a late diagnosis of bacilliferous tuberculosis. Mantoux testing was carried out in all children. In those with a positive Mantoux test, a chest X-ray was performed. Children with an abnormal chest X-ray underwent microbiological investigations. RESULTS: Among all the children in the daycare center, the Mantoux test was positive in 11 children. Chest X-ray was abnormal in 10 children. Of these, seven (70 %) were symptomatic. Chest X-ray showed dense opacification in nine children (90 %) and mediastinal lymph adenopathy in five (50 %). Three children (30 %) had lobar atelectasis requiring bronchoscopy and subsequent steroid therapy. Bacilloscopy was positive in only one child. Gastric juice culture was positive in seven children and the amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test was positive in a further seven. All microbiological investigations were negative in only one child. CONCLUSIONS: Establishing a definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis in children remains difficult and frequently relies on a constellation of clinical findings, radiology and epidemiology in children with a positive Mantoux test. The amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test has high sensitivity and provides fast results. Epidemic outbreaks continue to be frequent in Spain. Study of contacts shows high efficiency in controlling outbreaks.


Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Child Day Care Centers , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Spain/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy
15.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 65(3): 219-224, sept. 2006. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-051213

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Describir la clínica, radiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento en los niños afectados por un brote de tuberculosis en una guardería de Zaragoza. Material y métodos El caso índice fue una cuidadora que fue diagnosticada tardíamente de tuberculosis activa. Se realizó Mantoux a todos los niños, a los positivos se hizo radiografía de tórax. En aquéllos con radiografía patológica se procedió al diagnóstico microbiológico. Resultados De todos los niños de la guardería, 11 presentaron un Mantoux positivo. La radiografía fue patológica en 10. De ellos, 7 (70 %) estaban sintomáticos. Las imágenes radiológicas mostraban en 9 (90 %) casos una condensación parenquimatosa y en 5 (50 %) una adenopatía parahiliar. Tres niños (30 %) presentaron atelectasia lobular y precisaron broncoscopia y administración posterior de corticoides. La baciloscopia fue positiva solamente en un niño, el cultivo en siete y la detección de muestra directa para el complejo tuberculosis en otros siete. Únicamente en un niño toda la investigación fue negativa. Conclusiones El diagnóstico de tuberculosis en la infancia es difícil, y a veces debe hacerse en base a unos criterios clínicos, radiológicos y epidemiológicos en niños con Mantoux positivo. Los test de detección de muestra directa para el complejo tuberculosis tienen una sensibilidad muy alta y proporcionan resultados muy rápidos. La aparición de brotes epidémicos continúa siendo un hecho frecuente en nuestro medio. El estudio de contactos en los mismos presenta un elevado rendimiento en el control de los brotes


Objective To describe the clinical and radiological features, diagnosis, and treatment of an epidemic outbreak of tuberculosis in a daycare centre in Zaragoza. Material and methods The index case was a teaching assistant with a late diagnosis of bacilliferous tuberculosis. Mantoux testing was carried out in all children. In those with a positive Mantoux test, a chest X-ray was performed. Children with an abnormal chest X-ray underwent microbiological investigations. Results Among all the children in the daycare center, the Mantoux test was positive in 11 children. Chest X-ray was abnormal in 10 children. Of these, seven (70 %) were symptomatic. Chest X-ray showed dense opacification in nine children (90 %) and mediastinal lymph adenopathy in five (50 %). Three children (30 %) had lobar atelectasis requiring bronchoscopy and subsequent steroid therapy. Bacilloscopy was positive in only one child. Gastric juice culture was positive in seven children and the amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test was positive in a further seven. All microbiological investigations were negative in only one child. Conclusions Establishing a definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis in children remains difficult and frequently relies on a constellation of clinical findings, radiology and epidemiology in children with a positive Mantoux test. The amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test has high sensitivity and provides fast results. Epidemic outbreaks continue to be frequent in Spain. Study of contacts shows high efficiency in controlling outbreaks


Subject(s)
Infant , Humans , Disease Outbreaks , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Child Day Care Centers , Spain/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy
16.
An Esp Pediatr ; 55(5): 453-7, 2001 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11696310

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Waterston's prognostic classification of esophageal atresia has been used in most hospitals throughout the world. A number of technical advances, mainly in neonatal intensive care units have contributed to a reduction in mortality. Although the Waterston classification continues to be widely used, increased survival in the highest risk groups in this classification has led to new classifications being described in the last few years. OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of birth weight and cardiac anomaly on the outcome of patients with esophageal atresia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The outcome of 100 infants with esophageal atresia was analyzed. The patients were divided chronologically into two groups according to advances in ICUs and surgical techniques: 45 patients treated in the first period (1971-1982) and 55 in the second (1983-2000). The influence of birth weight in the groups described by Waterston and Spitz and the association with cardiac malformation were compared between both periods. RESULTS: Mortality in the birth weight groups described by Waterston decreased significantly between periods but this decrease was lower when the birth weight groups at highest risk described by the Spitz (1,500 g) were compared. Survival in patients with esophageal atresia improved from the first period (57.8 %) to the second (80 %) but mortality was still high when an associated major cardiac anomaly was present (80 % vs 75 %). CONCLUSIONS: Although advances in the medical and surgical management of neonates have rendered birth weight less important to prognosis than previously, mortality continues to be high in patients with very low weight and major cardiac malformation.


Subject(s)
Esophageal Atresia/mortality , Abnormalities, Multiple , Birth Weight , Female , Heart Defects, Congenital , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Prognosis
17.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 55(5): 453-457, nov. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-1842

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: La clasificación pronóstica de Waterston para la atresia de esófago ha sido utilizada por la mayoría de los hospitales del mundo. Una serie de avances técnicos, fundamentalmente en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) neonatal, han contribuido a reducir su mortalidad. Aunque la clasificación de Waterston continúa siendo empleada, se han descrito nuevas clasificaciones durante los últimos años, debido a la insatisfacción que ésta ha producido como consecuencia del aumento de la supervivencia en los grupos de Waterston de peor pronóstico. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia que tiene el peso al nacer y la malformación cardíaca sobre el pronóstico de los pacientes con atresia de esófago. Material y métodos: Se ha analizado el pronóstico de 100 niños con atresia de esófago. Los casos se dividieron cronológicamente en 2 grupos con relación a los avances en la UCI y en las técnicas quirúrgicas: 45 pacientes tratados en el primer período (1971-1982) y 55 en el segundo (1983-2000). Se comparó, entre ambos grupos, la influencia que tenían el peso, según los grupos descritos por Waterston y Spitz, y la asociación de malformación cardíaca. Resultados: La mortalidad de los grupos de peso descritos por Waterston disminuyó de manera significativa entre ambos períodos, pero no fue tan importante al comparar los grupos de peso de peor pronóstico de Spitz (< 1.500 g). Aunque la supervivencia de los pacientes con atresia de esófago mejoró desde el primer período (57,8%) al segundo (80%), persistió una mortalidad alta cuando el paciente asociaba una malformación cardíaca grave (80% frente a 75%). Conclusiones: Aunque los avances en el tratamiento médico y quirúrgico de la atresia de esófago han hecho que el peso de nacimiento sea menos importante para el pronóstico durante los últimos años sugerimos que los pacientes con muy bajo peso y los que asocian una malformación cardíaca grave continúan teniendo una mortalidad elevada (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Female , Humans , Prognosis , Birth Weight , Abnormalities, Multiple , Esophageal Atresia , Heart Defects, Congenital
18.
Cir. pediátr ; 14(4): 145-151, oct. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-14236

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Los avances en la UCI neonatal han hecho que los criterios de Waterson para la atresia de esófago (AE) y/o fístula traqueoesofágica (FTE) sean poco utilizados y hayan sido sustituidos en diferentes clasificaciones pronósticas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia de varios parámetros en el pronóstico de la AE-FTE. Material y métodos. Hemos revisado 97 casos tratados en nuestro hospital durante 29 años. Hemos dividido los caos en dos grupos con relación al desarrollo de nuestra UCI neonatal: 1º. 1971-1982 (n=46); 2º, 1983-1999 (n=51). Se estudió la influencia, que antes del tratamiento quirúrgico, poseían varios parámetros ( peso según Waterson) y Spitz, neumonía, dependencia de ventilación asistida, gravedad de las malformaciones asociadas y de las cardíacas) sobre la mortalidad, mediante pruebas de X2 y de regresión logística. Resultados. La supervivencia aumentó desde 1983 (80,4 por ciento), alcanzando 86,2 por ciento en los últimos 10 años, a pesar de que el número de recién nacidos con peso<1.500 g había aumentado. La asociación de una malformación mayor incrementó la mortalidad significativamente en el segundo grupo (mayor 45,5 por ciento frente a menor 7,1 por ciento y ausente 8,3 por ciento). La malformación más frecuente fue la cardíaca, antes (26,8 por ciento) y después (31,3 por ciento) de 1983. Su mortalidad fue significativamente mayor en el segundo grupo, cuando su gravedad era considerada mayor (71,4 por ciento). La mortalidad, cuando asociaban neumonía, fue superior de forma significativa sólo antes de 1983 (75 por ciento vs 32,4 por ciento), mientras que la mortalidad entre los que dependían de ventilador fue sólo significativamente mayor en el segundo grupo (85,7 por ciento vs 9,1 por ciento). Se demostró que en el grupo primero los mejores parámetros pronósticos fueron la neumonía y la gravedad de las malformaciones asociadas, mientras que en el segundo sólo fue la dependencia de ventilador. Conclusiones. La mortalidad de la AE-FTE ha disminuido en los últimos años, siendo la malformación asociada más frecuentemente la cardíaca. Creemos que hoy en día la dependencia de ventilación mecánica es el factor de riesgo pronóstico más fiable, mostrando el mas estado fisiológico del neonato (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Infant, Newborn , Female , Humans , Risk Factors , Tracheoesophageal Fistula , Logistic Models , Survival Rate , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Abnormalities, Multiple , Esophageal Atresia , Severity of Illness Index
19.
Cir Pediatr ; 14(3): 103-7, 2001 Jul.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11547629

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) consists of hypertrophy of the muscular layer of the pylorus. Its etiology is still unknown. In the last years only few jobs that studied the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the muscular layer in the IHPS have been reported. Our aim was to investigate the expression of two ECM molecules: chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) and fibronectin (FN), and fibroblasts. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Full-thickness muscle biopsy specimens were obtained from 33 IHPS patients at pyloromyotomy and 12 controls. Indirect immunohistochemistry was performed using CSPG, FN and fibroblasts monoclonal antibodies. The results were showed by a semiquantitative scale as follows: strong (++), moderate (+), weak (+/-), and absent (-). RESULTS: We demonstrated that the CSPG immunoreactivity was localized in the connective tissue septa and the expression of FN molecules in the pericellular space. Both molecules were significantly the increased in the muscle layer of the pylorus with IHPS in relation to control pylorus. We also demonstrated a marked increased expression in the number of fibroblasts in the muscle layer of the pylorus with IHPS. Even-though the most striking increase was localized in the septa, we also observed great number of fibroblasts amongst the smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that IHPS is characterized, not only by the muscle layer hypertrophy, but also by the increase of several ECM molecules, such as CSPG and FN. We also think that the increase of fibroblast could explain the higher expression of both ECM molecules in the muscle layer of pylorus in IHPS.


Subject(s)
Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism , Pyloric Stenosis/metabolism , Pyloric Stenosis/pathology , Chondroitinases and Chondroitin Lyases/metabolism , Female , Fibroblasts , Fibronectins/metabolism , Humans , Hypertrophy , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male
20.
Cir. pediátr ; 14(3): 103-107, jul. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-14224

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La estenosis hipertrófica de píloro (EHP) se caracteriza por la hipertrofia de la capa muscular del píloro. Su etiología permanece todavía desconocida. En los últimos años ha sido publicado algún trabajo que estudia la matriz extracelular (MEC) en la EHP. Nuestro objetivo fue investigar la expresión de dos moléculas de MEC: el proteoglicano condroitín-sulfato (PGCS) y la fibronectina (FN), así como la de los fibroplalstos. Material y métodos. Las biopsias delpíloro fueron obtenidas de 33 pacientes con EHP y 12 controles. Se utilizó inmunohistoquímica indirecta usando anticuerpos monoclonales dirigidos contra el PGCS, la FN y los fibroplastos. Los resultados fueron expresados mediante una escala semicuantitativa, como sigue: fuerte (++), moderada (+), débil (+/-) y ausente (-). Resultados. Se desmostró que la inmunorreactividad para el PGCS se localizaba en el tejido conjuntivo de los septos, y la de la FN en el espacio pericelular. Ambas moléculas estaban muy aumentadas en la capa muscular del píloro con EHP con relación a la capa muscular de los píloros control. También demostramos un marcado aumento en la expresión del número de fibroplastos en la capa muscular del píloro con EHP. Aunque la mayor expresión se localizó en los septos, también observamos gran número entre las células de músculo liso. Conclusiones: Sugerimos que la EHP, no sólo se caracteriza por la hipertrofia de la capa muscular, sino también por el aumento de varias moléculas de la MEC, como el PGCS y la FN. También sugerimos que el aumento de fibroplastos podría explicar la mayor expresión de estas moléculas de MEC en la capa muscular del píloro con EHP (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Female , Humans , Extracellular Matrix Proteins , Pyloric Stenosis , Chondroitinases and Chondroitin Lyases , Hypertrophy , Fibroblasts , Fibronectins
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