ABSTRACT
This study investigated the influence of sustained deficit irrigation (SDI, 78% less water supply than the reference evapotranspiration, ET0) compared to a control (100% ET0) on the physicochemical and sensory qualities and health-promoting compounds of pomegranate arils stored for 14days at 5°C. Prior to processing, the fruits were stored for 0, 30, 60 or 90days at 5°C. The effect of the pre-processing storage duration was also examined. Physicochemical and sensory qualities were kept during the storage period. Arils from SDI fruit had lower punicalagin-α and ellagic acid losses than the control (13% vs 50%). However, the anthocyanin content decreased during the shelf-life (72%) regardless of the treatment. The ascorbic acid slight decreased. Arils from SDI experienced glucose/fructose ratio loss (19%) lower than that of the control (35%). In general, arils from SDI showed better quality and health attributes during the shelf-life than did the control samples.
Subject(s)
Agricultural Irrigation , Food Quality , Food Storage , Fruit/chemistry , Lythraceae/growth & development , Seeds/chemistry , Anthocyanins/analysis , Antioxidants/analysis , Fruit/standards , Plant Extracts/analysisABSTRACT
The effect of postharvest vapor heat treatments at 95â (4, 7, and 10 s) regarding a conventional sanitizing treatment with 100 mg NaClO l-1 on enzyme activities (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase), phenolic content, and total antioxidant capacity of fresh-cut pomegranates arils throughout 18 days at 5â was studied. Furthermore, the effect of two sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) strategies, compared to a standardly irrigated control (CTRL), was also studied on such quality parameters throughout storage. Arils from CTRL-irrigated fruit registered phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase initial activities of 60.6, 382, and 14.4 U g-1 fw, respectively. Arils from sustained deficit irrigation fruit registered 46-58% lower phenylalanine ammonia lyase values while polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities did not register great variants (<9%) among both sustained deficit irrigation treatments. Postharvest vapor heat treatments enhanced phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in those samples from sustained deficit irrigation fruit although no great peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase (<2-5%) increases were observed. Arils from SDI1 fruit registered higher phenolic content than those values reported for CTRL samples. However, phenolic compounds decreased during storage, in a greater extent for sustained deficit irrigation samples, although 7 s arils achieved better phenolic compounds retention in sustained deficit irrigation samples. Vapor heat treatments reduced up to twofold the total antioxidant capacity losses observed in samples sanitized by conventional NaOCl treatment during shelf life. Conclusively, postharvest vapor heat treatment for 7 and 10 s used to extend the shelf life of pomegranate arils up to 18 days at 5â reduced the losses of health-promoting compounds during storage compared to conventional NaOCl sanitizing treatment.
Subject(s)
Food Storage , Fruit/enzymology , Lythraceae/enzymology , Antioxidants/analysis , Catechol Oxidase/chemistry , Food Handling , Food Preservation , Fruit/chemistry , Hot Temperature , Peroxidase/chemistry , Phenols/analysis , Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase/chemistryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The effect of two sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) strategies, compared to a control, on postharvest physicochemical, microbial, sensory quality attributes and anthocyanin content of fresh-cut pomegranates arils throughout 18 days at 5 °C was studied. Furthermore, the effect of vapour treatments (4, 7 and 10 s) compared to a conventional sanitizing treatment with NaClO on such quality parameters in combination with the preharvest treatments was also studied. RESULTS: According to sensory analyses, the shelf life of arils from control and SDI-irrigated fruit was established in 14 and 18 days at 5 °C, respectively, showing 4 and 7 s vapour treatment time the best sensory quality. No significant change was observed in physicochemical quality attributes, across all treatments during storage, while low microbial loads were registered (<3 log CFU g(-1)) after shelf life. Postharvest treatments that had least effect on anthocyanin content on processing day were 7 and 10 s. CONCLUSION: Vapour treatments of 7-10 s applied to pomegranate arils led to an extended shelf life up to 18 days at 5 °C with better results in SDI-irrigated samples with a water saving of 6-11%.
Subject(s)
Agricultural Irrigation , Anthocyanins/metabolism , Food Preservation , Fruit/metabolism , Lythraceae/physiology , Steam , Taste , Adult , Anti-Infective Agents , Antioxidants/metabolism , Cold Temperature , Colony Count, Microbial , Food Microbiology , Food Storage , Fruit/standards , Gases/metabolism , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Lythraceae/metabolism , Lythraceae/microbiology , Middle Aged , Plant Transpiration , WaterABSTRACT
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (monocytes) from patients with Whipple's disease in long-term remission were tested for their ability to handle intracellular microorganisms. Phagocytosis and lysis of Candida tropicalis by monocytes of patients (n=12) andcontrols (n=8) were quantified after 30 min of incubation. Phagocytosis was similar in both groups but intracellular Killing of Candida tropicalis was significativily lower in patients (p<0.001). We concluded that our study showed an in vitro defect in the intracellular Killing function of monocytes in subjects in remission many years after diagnosis of Whipple's disease. The defective function did not seem to be related to relapse or to the susceptibility to other infections.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Whipple Disease/blood , Macrophages/physiology , Monocytes/physiology , Aged, 80 and over , Whipple Disease/drug therapy , Macrophages , Monocytes/drug effects , PhagocytosisABSTRACT
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (monocytes) from patients with Whipples disease in long-term remission were tested for their ability to handle intracellular microorganisms. Phagocytosis and lysis of Candida tropicalis by monocytes of patients (n=12) andcontrols (n=8) were quantified after 30 min of incubation. Phagocytosis was similar in both groups but intracellular Killing of Candida tropicalis was significativily lower in patients (p<0.001). We concluded that our study showed an in vitro defect in the intracellular Killing function of monocytes in subjects in remission many years after diagnosis of Whipples disease. The defective function did not seem to be related to relapse or to the susceptibility to other infections. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Whipple Disease/blood , Macrophages/physiology , Monocytes/physiology , Aged, 80 and over , Whipple Disease/drug therapy , Monocytes/drug effects , Macrophages/drug effects , PhagocytosisABSTRACT
En estudios previos demostramos diversos defectos en las funciones efectoras y regulatorias en células inmunocompetentes de pacientes con talasemia mayor. El objetivo de este trabajo fue completar el análisis de una de ellas, los fagocitos, estudiando la quimiotaxis de polimorfonucleares neutrófilos y de la producción de diversas citoquinas involucradas en la activación de los fagocitos. En 13 pacientes con talasemia mayor demostramos una menor capacidad de migración hacia un gradiente del péptido FMP, unanálogo de los péptidos bacterianos. Los pacientes tenían una producción espontánea de interferón y factor de necrosis tumoral (TNF), medidos por ensayo biológico, en los sobrenadantes de cultivos leucocitarios, al tiempo que al menos el TNF también podía encontrarse espontáneamente en el suero de los pacientes (medido por ELISA). Por el contrario, la producción de estas citoquinas gatillada por la estimulación con concanavalina A estaba disminuida. Estos resultados son compatibles con un estado de preactivación del sistema inmune, tal vez por la sobrecarga transfusional,seguida de una menor capacidad de respuesta a estímulos como los mitógenos.
Subject(s)
Thalassemia , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Chemotaxis , Interferons , PhagocytesABSTRACT
En estudios previos demostramos diversos defectos en las funciones efectoras y regulatorias en células inmunocompetentes de pacientes con talasemia mayor. El objetivo de este trabajo fue completar el análisis de una de ellas, los fagocitos, estudiando la quimiotaxis de polimorfonucleares neutrófilos y de la producción de diversas citoquinas involucradas en la activación de los fagocitos. En 13 pacientes con talasemia mayor demostramos una menor capacidad de migración hacia un gradiente del péptido FMP, unanálogo de los péptidos bacterianos. Los pacientes tenían una producción espontánea de interferón y factor de necrosis tumoral (TNF), medidos por ensayo biológico, en los sobrenadantes de cultivos leucocitarios, al tiempo que al menos el TNF también podía encontrarse espontáneamente en el suero de los pacientes (medido por ELISA). Por el contrario, la producción de estas citoquinas gatillada por la estimulación con concanavalina A estaba disminuida. Estos resultados son compatibles con un estado de preactivación del sistema inmune, tal vez por la sobrecarga transfusional,seguida de una menor capacidad de respuesta a estímulos como los mitógenos.
Subject(s)
Thalassemia , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Phagocytes , Chemotaxis , InterferonsABSTRACT
Se estudiaron las poblaciones linfocitarias presentes en ganglios linfáticos de 32 pacientes con enfermedad de Hodgkin, 45 adenitis reactivas y 82 linfomas no-Hodgkin. Se encontró que en los linfomas no-Hodgkin existía una población monoclonal predominante (T o B) en la mayoría de los casos, aunque también existían linfomas "nulos" (sin ningún marcador característico). En cambio, en enfermedad de Hodgkin había una población policlonal, parecida a las adenitis reactivas, pero con mayor cantidad de linfocitos CD4+, lo que llevaba a una relación CD4/CD8 de aproximadamente 3. En los estudios funcionales, la medición de las funciones citotóxicas NK y ADCC en células mononucleares sanguíneas de pacientes con enfermedad de Hodgkin fue normal, así como la cantidad de células efectoras. Concluimos que en la enfermedad de Hodgkin parte del compromiso inmunológico se debe a atrapamiento de linfocitos CD4 en ganglios linfático y que al menos una función no mediada por CD4, la citotoxicidad NK está conservada en sangre periférica
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hodgkin Disease , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin , T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic , Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity , Killer Cells, Natural , Lymphadenitis , T-Lymphocytes, Helper-InducerABSTRACT
Se estudiaron las poblaciones linfocitarias presentes en ganglios linfáticos de 32 pacientes con enfermedad de Hodgkin, 45 adenitis reactivas y 82 linfomas no-Hodgkin. Se encontró que en los linfomas no-Hodgkin existía una población monoclonal predominante (T o B) en la mayoría de los casos, aunque también existían linfomas "nulos" (sin ningún marcador característico). En cambio, en enfermedad de Hodgkin había una población policlonal, parecida a las adenitis reactivas, pero con mayor cantidad de linfocitos CD4+, lo que llevaba a una relación CD4/CD8 de aproximadamente 3. En los estudios funcionales, la medición de las funciones citotóxicas NK y ADCC en células mononucleares sanguíneas de pacientes con enfermedad de Hodgkin fue normal, así como la cantidad de células efectoras. Concluimos que en la enfermedad de Hodgkin parte del compromiso inmunológico se debe a atrapamiento de linfocitos CD4 en ganglios linfático y que al menos una función no mediada por CD4, la citotoxicidad NK está conservada en sangre periférica
