Surgical treatment of a ruptured internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm following transsphenoidal surgery.

Development of Internal Carotid Artery pseudoaneurysms (ICAp) after transsphenoidal surgery is extremely rare, occurring only in 0.4% of cases. Surgical treatment of ICAp poses a real challenge to the neurosurgeon as treatment may require parent vessel sacrifice or artery reconstruction with bypass grafting. Furthermore, surgical resolution of these lesions is rarely reported in the literature. The internal carotid artery is prone to iatrogenic injury in transsphenoidal surgery due to its frequent involvement in pituitary adenomas. Intracranial pseudoaneurysms may be at high risk for rupture and increased morbidity and mortality. Here we present a case of a patient with an ICAp rupture two months after transsphenoidal surgery for a pituitary adenoma.

Solitary bone plasmacytoma as posterior fossa cranial neoplasia, presentation of two clinical cases.

BACKGROUND: Solitary bone plasmacytoma is a plasmatic cell dyscrasia; its presentation in the posterior fossa is very rare. CASE DESCRIPTION: We present two cases, a 59-year-old male and a 50-year-old female, both with heterogeneous clinical presentation. One had symptoms compatible with endocranial hypertension, and the other presented with a hemispheric cerebellar syndrome and ipsilateral trigeminal neuralgia. They were both related to an intraosseous tumor of the occipital region near the torcula with large extension to the posterior fossa. The diagnosis of a plasma cell neoplasm arising from the diploe of the squamous portion of the occipital bone was confirmed with immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION: The treatment for a cranial tumor that is suspected to be a solitary bone plasmacytoma requires a multidisciplinary team to diagnose, plan a total resection, and after surgery continue with the follow-up of the patient. Solitary bone plasmacytoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for a tumor that produces cancellous bone widening without sclerotic borders.

Petroclival Meningiomas: A Simple System That Could Help in Selecting the Approach.

BACKGROUND: Petroclival meningiomas (PCM) represent a neurosurgical challenge due to their strategic location close to the brainstem. OBJECTIVE: To assess the applicability of a retrosigmoid approach (RSA) by analyzing the degree of displacement of the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) elicited by PCM. METHODS: Patients with PCM were prospectively included and divided into those whose imaging studies showed that the posterior end of the MCP was displaced by the tumor and were eligible for and underwent RSA (group A) and those who were not eligible for RSA and who underwent surgery via a posterior transpetrosal approach (group B). We compared tumor behavior, clinical characteristic of patients and surgical results. RESULTS: Twenty patients with PCM were enrolled and allocated to group A (n = 15) or group B (n = 5). The clinical manifestations were more severe in group B; tumors in this group were larger and gross total removal was achieved in only 1 patient (20%). In comparison, in 12 cases on group A, tumors could be totally removed (80%) and all of these patients could recover their quality of life after surgery. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this study is the first to consider displacement of the MCP when establishing a suitable surgical approach for PCM. Our results suggest that the RSA becomes increasingly suitable when peduncle displacement is greater. By using this method, it was also possible to identify two types of tumors: petroclivals (group A) and clivopetrosals (group B), that show some specific clinical and surgical differences.

Frecuencia De Casos Juveniles Con Enfermedad De Huntington En Población Mexicana / Frequency Of Juvenile Huntington´S Disease In A Mexican Population

Resumen Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio es determinar la prevalencia de casos juveniles en una muestra de sujetos mexicanos con enfermedad de Huntington (EH) confirmada molecularmente. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes con inicio clínico antes de los 21 años de edad que acudieron a la clínica de trastornos del movimiento del Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía. La información demográfica y clínica se obtuvo de la revisión de expedientes. Resultados: Se revisaron un total de 198 casos de pacientes con diagnóstico de EH, de los cuales el 6.5% (n=13) correspondió a formas juveniles. La media de edad para el inicio de síntomas fue de 17.8 ± 3.9 años. La puntuación media del UHDRS-motor fue de 46.2 ± 17.4 puntos. El síntoma motor predominante fue corea en el 53.8% de los casos. El 84.6% de los afectados presentó al menos una alteración neuropsiquiátrica. Conclusión: Se detectó que el fenotipo motor de estos pacientes fue dominantemente corea, contrario a lo reportado mundialmente hasta ahora, es decir, nuestro grupo presentó clínica motora atípica de EHJ.

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study is to know the prevalence of juvenile cases in a sample of mexican subjects with confirmed Huntington Disease (HD). Methods: Patients with clinical debut before 21 years of age were included who attended at movement disorders clinic of the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery. The demographic and clinical information was obtained from the review of files. Results: A total of 198 cases of patients diagnosed with HD were reviewed, of which 6.5% (n = .13) corresponded to juvenile forms. The mean age for the onset of symptoms was 17.8 ± 3.9 years. The mean score of the UHDRS-motor was 46.2 ± 17.4 points. The predominant motor symptom was chorea in (53.8%) of the cases. 84.6% of those affected presented at least one neuropsychiatric disorder. Conclusion: It was detected that the dominant motor phenotype of these patients was chorea compared to the world reports until now, accordingly to that, our group of juvenile HD shows atypical motor clinical.

Bobble-head doll syndrome in an 80-year-old man, associated with a giant arachnoid cyst of the lamina quadrigemina, treated with endoscopic ventriculocystocisternotomy and cystoperitoneal shunt.

Bobble-head doll syndrome (BHDS) is a rare entity, characterized by antero-posterior head bobbing, which is of the type "yes-yes." Less frequently, having a head movement of the type "no-no" is described. We report an unusual case of an 80-year-old man with a cystic mass of the lamina quadrigemina, extending to the posterior fossa. We conclude that ventriculocystocisternotomy associated with a cystoperitoneal shunt is an effective treatment for a symptomatic giant arachnoid cyst in the lamina quadrigemina.

Sensibilización de placas para ensayos inmunoenzimáticos con antígenos vacunales / Coating of ELISA plates with vaccine antigens

Se describe un procedimiento de sensibilización de placas para ensayos inmunoenzimáticos (ELISA) con antígenos vacunales. Se define como concentración óptima de sensibilización aquella donde se alcanza la mayor densidad óptica con los sueros estándares y la menos con los sueros negativos y el blanco reactivo...(AU)

Restauración en el Inmunoblotting de proteínas de / Neisseria meningitidis dañadas por calor y agentes / reductores / Restoration in Immunoblotting of Neisseria meningitidis proteins denatured by reducing agents and heat

En este trabajo se utilizaron cinco detergentes para restaurar las proteínas de membrana externas (PME) del meningococo dañadas por el efecto del calor y de agentes reductores utilizados en el Inmunoblotting. La acción de los detergentes fue evaluada en la solución de lavado, en el diluente de la muestra y del conjugado. Las bandas de proteínas, reconocidas por la IgG del suero, fueron identificadas usando un conjugado anti IgGhumana peroxidasa. Los antígenos reconocidos por el control positivo se corresponden con las proteínas P1, P3,P4 y P5 atendiendo a su peso molecular. Además, fueron reconocidas bandas de 80, 70, 24 kDa y otra con pesomayor a 150 kDa. En general el reconocimiento de todas las PME, excepto esta última de alto peso molecular(APM), se vieron favorecidas con la utilización del Tween 20, con el que se logró un incremento del número y la intensidad de las bandas así como la disminución de los fondos con respecto al resto de detergentes evaluados(Empigen BB, Triton X-100, Nonidet NP-40 y CHAPS). El reconocimiento de la proteína de APM (>150 kDa) se vio afectado por la presencia de detergente como el Tween 20 y Empigen BB. Los lavados con Tween 20 constituyeron los pasos más importantes en la renaturalización de los sitios de unión de la IgG a las PME(AU)

Guía para la estandarización de técnicas inmuno-enzimáticas / en ensayos de vacunas / Guide for the standardization of enzyme immunoassays for use in vaccine trials

Se realizó una revisión sobre la estandarización de técnicas inmunoenzimáticas para ensayos preclínicos y clínicos de vacunas, elaborándose una guía práctica. Se analizan los principios a usar y los pasos a seguir para la optimización de un ensayo, incluyendo la preparación de estándares y controles. Se exponen nuestras experiencias(AU)