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1.
Viruses ; 13(3)2021 03 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33810110

ABSTRACT

Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection may present with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Some sequelae, particularly neurodevelopmental problems, may have a later onset. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 799 high-risk pregnant women who were followed up until delivery. Eighty-three women and/or newborns were considered ZIKV exposed and/or infected. Laboratory diagnosis was made by polymerase chain reaction in the pregnant mothers and their respective newborns, as well as Dengue virus, Chikungunya virus, and ZIKV serology. Serology for toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and syphilis infections were also performed in microcephalic newborns. The newborns included in the study were followed up until their third birthday. Developmental delay was observed in nine patients (13.2%): mild cognitive delay in three patients, speech delay in three patients, autism spectrum disorder in two patients, and severe neurological abnormalities in one microcephalic patient; sensorineural hearing loss, three patients and dysphagia, six patients. Microcephaly due to ZIKV occurred in three patients (3.6%). Clinical manifestations can appear after the first year of life in children infected/exposed to ZIKV, emphasizing the need for long-term follow-up.


Subject(s)
Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology , Dengue/epidemiology , Microcephaly/virology , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification , Child, Preschool , Dengue Virus/isolation & purification , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Zika Virus/isolation & purification
2.
J AAPOS ; 24(1): 23.e1-23.e6, 2020 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31926367

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To follow the visual acuity development of children exposed to or infected with the Zika virus (ZIKV) during gestation and to relate potential visual acuity deficits to their clinical condition. METHODS: In this prospective study, visual acuity was measured via Teller Acuity Cards in three groups of children: (1) those with confirmed ZIKV exposure (ZE) through the mother only, (2) those with confirmed infection (ZI), and (3) unaffected controls. Visual acuity was measured 2-4 times in each child during the first 30 months of age. RESULTS: The study included 22 children in the ZE group, 11 in the ZI group, and 27 controls. Visual acuity developed normally in both patient groups, including infected patients (ZI) that did not manifest clinical symptoms. In a small subgroup of patients with characteristics consistent with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), visual acuity was within normative values, with the exception of single child with chorioretinal atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: In this southeastern Brazil study cohort, visual acuity development seemed to progress normally in infected children without CZS symptoms.


Subject(s)
Eye Infections, Viral/physiopathology , Visual Acuity/physiology , Zika Virus Infection/physiopathology , Zika Virus , Child, Preschool , Eye Infections, Viral/virology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Prospective Studies , Vision Tests , Zika Virus Infection/virology
3.
J AAPOS ; 23(4): 215.e1-215.e7, 2019 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31229606

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate visual acuity and visual acuity development in children from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, who were exposed to the Zika virus (ZIKV) gestationally. METHODS: Children who had been exposed to ZIKV during gestation and age-matched control subjects received visual acuity and funduscopic examination. ZIKV exposure was confirmed by maternal quantitative polymerase chain reaction testing or serology assay. The ZIKV group was divided into two subgroups: exposed (ZE), with only the mother having confirmed ZIKV infection, and infected (ZI), with confirmed infection. Visual acuity development was compared with prior norms and quantified by measuring visual acuity correlation with age. RESULTS: A total of 110 children were included: 47 who had been exposed to ZIKV (ZE, 23; ZI, 24) and 63 controls. Abnormal visual acuity was found in 5 of 24 ZI children. Of the 4 children with microcephaly, only 2 had visual acuity loss (only 1 also had abnormal funduscopic findings). There was significant correlation between age and visual acuity in both the control group (R2 = 0.8; P < 0.0000) and the ZE subgroup (R2 = 0.6; P < 0.0000). However, visual acuity did not correlate with age in the ZI subgroup (R2 = 0.04; P = 0.38). Furthermore, the increment in octaves/month was much lower in the ZI subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that visual acuity losses only occur in infants who suffered gestational-infection, not simply exposure. Lack of correlation between age and visual acuity in the ZI subgroup suggests a slowing of visual development even in the absence of microcephaly. This result may have broad implications for the deleterious effects of ZIKV on the central nervous system.


Subject(s)
Microcephaly/complications , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Vision Disorders/physiopathology , Visual Acuity , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Zika Virus/genetics , Adult , DNA, Viral/analysis , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant , Male , Pregnancy , Vision Disorders/etiology , Zika Virus Infection/virology
4.
Clin EEG Neurosci ; 49(3): 159-170, 2018 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28844161

ABSTRACT

The sweep visual evoked potential method (sVEP) is a powerful tool for measurement of visual acuity in infants. Despite the applicability and reliability of the technique in measuring visual functions the understanding of sVEP acuity maturation and how interocular difference of acuity develops in early infancy, as well as the availability of normality ranges, are rare in the literature. We measured binocular and monocular sVEPS acuities in 481 healthy infants aged from birth to 24 months without ophthalmological diseases. Binocular sVEP acuity was significantly higher than monocular visual acuities for almost all ages. Maturation of monocular sVEP acuity showed 2 longer critical periods while binocular acuity showed three maturation periods in the same age range. We found a systematic variation of the mean interocular acuity difference (IAD) range according to age from 1.45 cpd at birth to 0.31 cpd at 24 months. An additional contribution was the determination of sVEP acuity norms for the entire age range. We conclude that binocular and monocular sVEP acuities have distinct growth curves reflecting different maturation profiles for each function. Differences in IAD range shorten according to age and they should be considered in using the sVEP acuity measurements for clinical diagnosis as amblyopia.


Subject(s)
Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology , Reference Values , Visual Acuity/physiology , Visual Cortex/growth & development , Age Factors , Child, Preschool , Electroencephalography/methods , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Reproducibility of Results , Sex Factors , Time Factors
5.
São Paulo; s.n; 10 dez. 2012. 139 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | Index Psychology - Theses | ID: pte-58590

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar o desenvolvimento da Acuidade Visual (AV) de resolução de grades e a Sensibilidade ao Contraste (SC) de recém-nascidos de termo pequenos para a idade gestacional (PIG). Método: Medimos a AV e a SC de 126 recém-nascidos de termo com o potencial visual evocado de varredura (PVEv; Norcia & Tyler 1985). 73 recém-nascidos (Média de Idade = 11,3 ± 4,3 semanas) nasceram com o peso adequado para a idade gestacional - AIG (percentil 10; Alexander et al., 1996) e 53 recém-nascidos (Média de Idade = 9,2± 3,8 semanas) nasceram pequenos para a idade gestacional - PIG (percentil <10). Mediu-se o PVEv com o sistema PowerDiva (Norcia & Tyler, 1985; Chen et al., 2005) o qual gerou os estímulos e analisou as respostas provocadas. O PVEv foi registrado com três canais unipolares colocados em O1, Oz, and O2 relacionados ao eletrodo de referência no vertex. Utilizaram-se os estímulos de grades senoidais verticais em reversão de fase em 6 Hz com a luminância média de 161 cd/m2. Para medir a AV, o contraste de 80% era mantido fixo e a freqüência espacial aumentava linearmente em intervalos de 1 segundo, durante 10 segundos. Para avaliar a SC, a freqüência espacial de 0,5 cpg era mantida fixa e o contraste aumentava logaritmicamente em intervalos de 1 segundo, durante 10 segundos. Os resultados de ambas as funções visuais foram baseados na média vetorial de pelo menos três tentativas do PVEv. Analisou-se, também, a média do ruído e quatro medidas supralimiares: amplitude máxima (Amáx), razão sinal-ruído em Amáx (SNRmáx), fase em Amáx (máx) e a inclinação da reta do PVEv. Considerou-se o canal que registrou a AV e a SC mais alta, satisfazendo o critério rigoroso de fase e amplitude para assegurar que as respostas corticais eram confiáveis e significativamente acima do ruído.(AU)


Objectives: To evaluate the development of cortical grating acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) in term infants born small for gestational age (SGA). Methods: Using the sweep visual evoked potential (sVEP; Norcia & Tyler 1985), we measured cortical VA and CS in 126 term infants. Seventy-three (average age = 11.3 ± 4.34 weeks) were born with birthweight within normal limits (> 10th percentile; Alexander et al., 1996). 53 infants were born SGA (average age = 9.2 ± 3.8 weeks). sVEPs were measured using the PowerDiva system (Norcia & Tyler, 1985; Chen et al., 2005) which generated the stimuli and analyzed the evoked responses. The sVEP was recorded using 3 unipolar channels placed at O1, Oz, and O2 with a reference electrode at the vertex. Stimuli were vertical sinewave luminance gratings phase-reversing at 6 Hz with a mean luminance of 161 cd/m2. To measure VA, spatial frequency (SF) was swept linearly from low to high during a 10-second trial, generating ten 1-sec time bins of sVEP data. Grating contrast was fixed at 80% during the SF sweep. To evaluate CS, SF was fixed at 0.5 c/deg, and contrast was increased logarithmically across 10 1-sec recording epochs. The resulting sVEP data from both protocols were based on a vector average of a minimum of 3 sVEP trials. In addition to thresholds, we analyzed average noise (Nav), and 4 suprathreshold measures - peak amplitude (Apeak), signal-to-noise ratio at Apeak (SNRpeak), phase at Apeak (peak) and slope of the rising phase of the sVEP (m). The data used were those obtained from the recording channel generating the highest VA or CS while satisfying strict phase and amplitude criteria to ensure that the responses were reliable and significantly above the noise.(AU)

6.
J Sep Sci ; 35(18): 2438-44, 2012 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22907894

ABSTRACT

The combination of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography is evaluated here for fatty acid (FA) profiling of the glycerophospholipid fraction from human buccal mucosal cells. A base-catalyzed derivatization reaction selective for polar lipids such as glycerophospholipid was adopted. SPME is compared to a miniaturized liquid-liquid extraction procedure for the isolation of FA methyl esters produced in the derivatization step. The limits of detection and limits of quantitation were calculated for each sample preparation method. Because of its lower values of limits of detection and quantitation, SPME was adopted. The extracted analytes were separated, detected, and quantified by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (FID). The combination of SPME and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with FID, using a selective derivatization reaction in the preliminary steps, proved to be a simple and fast procedure for FA profiling, and was successfully applied to the analysis of adult human buccal mucosal cells.


Subject(s)
Cell Wall/chemistry , Fatty Acids/analysis , Glycerophospholipids/chemistry , Mouth Mucosa/cytology , Solid Phase Microextraction , Chromatography, Gas , Humans
7.
Psicol. teor. pesqui ; 25(4): 581-587, out.-dez. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-54519

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar curvas de sensibilidade ao contraste para estímulos radiais (FSCr) e grades senoidais (FSC) de 0,25, 0,5, 1 e 2 cpg em crianças de 6 a 13 anos. Foram mensurados limiares de contraste para 40 crianças, utilizando o método psicofísico da escolha forçada e níveis baixos de luminância. Todas estavam livres de doenças oculares e tinham acuidade visual normal. Os resultados mostraram que a sensibilidade das crianças foi maior para grades senoidais (FSC) do que para estímulos radiais (FSCr). Esses resultados sugerem que esses estímulos podem ser processados por áreas visuais distintas.(AU)


The aim of this work was to compare contrast sensitivity curves for radial (rCSF) and sine-wave gratings (CSF) stimuli of 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 cpd in 6 to 13 year-old-children. It was measured the contrast thresholds of 40 children using the psychophysical forced-choice method and low luminance levels. All children were free of identifiable ocular diseases and had normal acuity. The results showed that contrast sensitivity of the children was higher for spatial frequencies (CSF) than radial frequencies (rCSF). The results suggest that these stimuli can be processed by different visual cortical areas.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Contrast Sensitivity , Visual Perception
8.
Psicol. teor. pesqui ; 25(4): 581-587, out.-dez. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-540959

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar curvas de sensibilidade ao contraste para estímulos radiais (FSCr) e grades senoidais (FSC) de 0,25, 0,5, 1 e 2 cpg em crianças de 6 a 13 anos. Foram mensurados limiares de contraste para 40 crianças, utilizando o método psicofísico da escolha forçada e níveis baixos de luminância. Todas estavam livres de doenças oculares e tinham acuidade visual normal. Os resultados mostraram que a sensibilidade das crianças foi maior para grades senoidais (FSC) do que para estímulos radiais (FSCr). Esses resultados sugerem que esses estímulos podem ser processados por áreas visuais distintas.


The aim of this work was to compare contrast sensitivity curves for radial (rCSF) and sine-wave gratings (CSF) stimuli of 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 cpd in 6 to 13 year-old-children. It was measured the contrast thresholds of 40 children using the psychophysical forced-choice method and low luminance levels. All children were free of identifiable ocular diseases and had normal acuity. The results showed that contrast sensitivity of the children was higher for spatial frequencies (CSF) than radial frequencies (rCSF). The results suggest that these stimuli can be processed by different visual cortical areas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Visual Perception , Contrast Sensitivity
9.
Psicol. teor. pesqui ; 25(2): 189-194, abr.-jun. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-44022

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi medir curvas de sensibilidade ao contraste de 10 crianças ouvintes e de 10 crianças com surdez pré-lingual, de 7 a 12 anos, utilizando frequências radiais circularmente concêntricas (FSCr) de 0,25-2,0 cpg em níveis baixos de luminância (0,7 cd/m²). Todos os participantes apresentavam acuidade visual normal e estavam livres de doenças oculares identificáveis. A FSCr foi medida com o método psicofísico da escolha forçada. Os resultados mostraram sensibilidade máxima na faixa de frequência radial de 0,25 cpg para os dois grupos. Os resultados mostraram ainda diferenças significantes entre as curvas de FSCr de crianças ouvintes e de crianças com surdez pré-lingual. Isto é, as crianças ouvintes precisaram de menos contraste do que as crianças surdas para detectar as frequências radiais. Esses resultados sugerem que, em níveis baixos de luminância, a FSCr das crianças ouvintes foi melhor do que a das crianças com surdez pré-lingual.(AU)


The aim of this work was to measure contrast sensitivity curves in 10 hearing children and 10 children with prelingual deafness (from 7 to 12 years old), using concentric circular patterns with radial frequencies (rCSF) of 0.25-2.0 cpd at low levels of luminance (0.7 cd/m²). All participants were free from identifiable ocular disease and had normal visual acuity. The rCSF was measured with the psychophysical forced-choice method. The results showed maximum sensitivity in the frequency range of 0.25 cpd for the two groups. The results showed yet significant differences between the rCSF of deaf and hearing children. That is, hearing children needed less contrast than deaf children to detect radial frequencies. These results suggest that at low levels of luminance the rCSF of hearing children was better than the rCSF of children with prelingual deafness.(AU)


Subject(s)
Visual Perception , Persons With Hearing Impairments
10.
Psicol. teor. pesqui ; 25(2): 189-194, abr.-jun. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-524726

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi medir curvas de sensibilidade ao contraste de 10 crianças ouvintes e de 10 crianças com surdez pré-lingual, de 7 a 12 anos, utilizando frequências radiais circularmente concêntricas (FSCr) de 0,25-2,0 cpg em níveis baixos de luminância (0,7 cd/m²). Todos os participantes apresentavam acuidade visual normal e estavam livres de doenças oculares identificáveis. A FSCr foi medida com o método psicofísico da escolha forçada. Os resultados mostraram sensibilidade máxima na faixa de frequência radial de 0,25 cpg para os dois grupos. Os resultados mostraram ainda diferenças significantes entre as curvas de FSCr de crianças ouvintes e de crianças com surdez pré-lingual. Isto é, as crianças ouvintes precisaram de menos contraste do que as crianças surdas para detectar as frequências radiais. Esses resultados sugerem que, em níveis baixos de luminância, a FSCr das crianças ouvintes foi melhor do que a das crianças com surdez pré-lingual.


The aim of this work was to measure contrast sensitivity curves in 10 hearing children and 10 children with prelingual deafness (from 7 to 12 years old), using concentric circular patterns with radial frequencies (rCSF) of 0.25-2.0 cpd at low levels of luminance (0.7 cd/m²). All participants were free from identifiable ocular disease and had normal visual acuity. The rCSF was measured with the psychophysical forced-choice method. The results showed maximum sensitivity in the frequency range of 0.25 cpd for the two groups. The results showed yet significant differences between the rCSF of deaf and hearing children. That is, hearing children needed less contrast than deaf children to detect radial frequencies. These results suggest that at low levels of luminance the rCSF of hearing children was better than the rCSF of children with prelingual deafness.


Subject(s)
Visual Perception , Persons With Hearing Impairments
11.
Internet resource in Portuguese | LIS -Health Information Locator | ID: lis-21359

ABSTRACT

A aprendizagem pode ser explicada sob várias ênfases teóricas, entre elas, o Behaviorismo.Esta ênfase teórica considera que a aprendizagem é o processo de mudança de conduta do organismo em função de suas interações com o meio. Inicialmente formulado a partir de experiências em laboratório, o Comportamentalismo ganhou espaço na educação e na explicação de vários comportamentos humanos.O presente estudo versa sobre a percepçãovisual da forma enquanto um comportamento perceptivo que pode sofrer interferência de vários reforçadores.


Subject(s)
Learning , Behavioral Research
12.
Estud. psicol. (Campinas) ; 25(2): 177-184, abr.-jun. 2008. ilus
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-37480

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a função de sensibilidade ao contraste para freqüências espaciais de 0,25; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 ciclos por grau em crianças de 4 a 13 anos. Foram estimados limiares de contraste para 60 participantes (50 crianças e 10 adultos jovens), utilizando o método psicofísico da escolha forçada e nível baixo de luminância. Todos os participantes apresentavam acuidade visual normal e se encontravam livres de doenças oculares identificáveis. Os resultados mostraram que a função de sensibilidade ao contraste de crianças de 4-5, 6-7, 8-9, 10-11 e 12-13 anos melhora significativamente com a idade. Os resultados mostraram ainda que a função de sensibilidade ao contraste de crianças de 12-13 anos é semelhante à de adultos jovens (19-22 anos). Estes resultados sugerem que o desenvolvimento da função de sensibilidade ao contraste para grade senoidal em nível baixo de luminância melhora até os 12-13 anos.(AU)


The aim of this study was to measure contrast sensitivity function for spatial frequencies of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 cycles per degree in children between the ages of 4 and 13. We measured the contrast thresholds of 60 participants (50 children and 10 young adults) using the psychophysical forced-choice method and low luminance levels. All subjects were free from any identifiable ocular disease and had normal acuity. Results showed that contrast sensitivity function, in children in the 4-5, 6-7, 8-9, 10-11 and 12-13 age ranges, improved significantly with age. The results also showed that, by 12-13 years of age, the contrast sensitivity function was similar to that of a young adult (19-22 years). These results suggest that the development of contrast sensitivity function for sine-wave grating at low luminance levels attains adult-like values by about 12-13 years of age.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Visual Perception , Contrast Sensitivity
13.
Estud. psicol. (Campinas) ; 25(2): 177-184, abr.-jun. 2008. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-486477

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a função de sensibilidade ao contraste para freqüências espaciais de 0,25; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 ciclos por grau em crianças de 4 a 13 anos. Foram estimados limiares de contraste para 60 participantes (50 crianças e 10 adultos jovens), utilizando o método psicofísico da escolha forçada e nível baixo de luminância. Todos os participantes apresentavam acuidade visual normal e se encontravam livres de doenças oculares identificáveis. Os resultados mostraram que a função de sensibilidade ao contraste de crianças de 4-5, 6-7, 8-9, 10-11 e 12-13 anos melhora significativamente com a idade. Os resultados mostraram ainda que a função de sensibilidade ao contraste de crianças de 12-13 anos é semelhante à de adultos jovens (19-22 anos). Estes resultados sugerem que o desenvolvimento da função de sensibilidade ao contraste para grade senoidal em nível baixo de luminância melhora até os 12-13 anos.


The aim of this study was to measure contrast sensitivity function for spatial frequencies of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 cycles per degree in children between the ages of 4 and 13. We measured the contrast thresholds of 60 participants (50 children and 10 young adults) using the psychophysical forced-choice method and low luminance levels. All subjects were free from any identifiable ocular disease and had normal acuity. Results showed that contrast sensitivity function, in children in the 4-5, 6-7, 8-9, 10-11 and 12-13 age ranges, improved significantly with age. The results also showed that, by 12-13 years of age, the contrast sensitivity function was similar to that of a young adult (19-22 years). These results suggest that the development of contrast sensitivity function for sine-wave grating at low luminance levels attains adult-like values by about 12-13 years of age.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Contrast Sensitivity , Visual Perception
14.
Psico (Porto Alegre) ; 39(1): 28-32, jan.-mar. 2008. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-521072

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar o método psicofísico da escolha forçada para mensurar a função desensibilidade ao contraste para freqüências radiais (FSCr) na faixa de 0,25-2 cpg em crianças pré-escolares.Foram estimados limiares de contraste para 15 participantes (dez crianças e cinco adultos). Todos os participantesapresentavam acuidade visual normal e se encontravam livres de doenças oculares identificáveis. Osresultados mostraram diferenças significantes entre as curvas de FSCr de crianças de 4 anos, 5 anos e adultos.Os resultados mostram ainda que as curvas de FSCr de crianças de 4 e 5 anos apresentam perfis semelhantesa dos adultos. Estes resultados sugerem que o método psicofísico da escolha forçada pode ser utilizadopara mensurar a FSCr de crianças a partir dos 4 anos.


The aim of this work was to use the psychophysical forced-choice method to measure contrast sensitivityfunction for radial frequencies (rCSF) in the range between 0.25-2 cpd in preschool children. We measuredthe contrast thresholds of 15 participants (ten children and five young adults). All participants had normalvisual acuity and were free from identifiable ocular diseases. The results showed significant differencesamong the curves rCSF of 4 and 5 years old children and adults. The results showed yet that the curves rCSFof 4 and 5 years old children and adults were similar in general profiles. These results suggest that thepsychophysical forced-choice method can be used to measure the rCSF for children over 4 years old.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Child , Psychophysics , Contrast Sensitivity
15.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 21(1): 28-32, 2008. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-41387

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi medir a sensibilidade ao contraste para freqüências radiais (FSCr) de 0,25 a 2 cpg em crianças (4 a 7 anos) e adultos. Foram estimados limiares de contraste para 25 participantes (vinte crianças e cinco adultos jovens), utilizando o método psicofísico da escolha forçada. Os participantes apresentavam acuidade visual normal. Os resultados mostraram que as curvas (FSCr) de crianças de 4 a 7 anos melhoraram de forma significativa com a idade. Os resultados mostraram ainda que a FSCr de crianças de 7 anos é mais baixa do que a de adultos jovens. Estes resultados sugerem que o desenvolvimento da percepção visual de contraste para estímulos radiais ocorre gradualmente se prolongando além dos 7 anos.(AU)


The aim of this work was to measure contrast sensitivity for radial frequencies (rCSF) in the range between 0.25-2 cpd in children (4 to 7 years of age) and young adults. Contrast thresholds were estimated for 25 participants (twenty children and five adults) using the psychophysical forced-choice method at low luminance levels. All the cts participants had normal acuity. The results showed that the curves (rCSF) of the 4, 5, 6 and 7 years old improved significantly with age. The results also showed that the rCSF for 7 year old children was lower than in young adults. These results suggest that the development of contrast sensitivity for radial stimuli increases gradually even after turning 7 years old.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Contrast Sensitivity , Visual Perception
16.
São Paulo; s.n; 2008. 110 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | Index Psychology - Theses | ID: pte-45952

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da desnutrição intra-uterina na acuidade visual (AV) de resolução de grades pelo Potencial Visual Evocado de Varredura (PVEv) e Cartões de Acuidade de Teller (CAT). Método: Avaliamos a AV de resolução de grades, binocularmente, de 41 recém-nascidos com idade estacional 37 semanas, destes 23 nasceram com o peso adequado para a idade gestacional (AIG - Idade: 14,3 ± 7,5 semanas) e 18 nasceram pequenos para a idade gestacional (PIG - Idade: 10,7 ± 4,1semanas). A AV foi determinada usando ambas as técnicas psicofísica (CAT) e eletrofisiológica (PVEv). Durante o teste dos CAT foram apresentados cartões contendo em um dos lados grades de ondas quadradas pretas e brancas com freqüência espacial entre 0,23 e 19 ciclos por grau de ângulo visual a 55 cm do participante. O teste iniciou com o cartão com a freqüência espacial mais baixa com orientação randômica desconhecida pelo experimentador. Cartões contendo freqüências espaciais mais altas foram apresentados gradativamente até que uma resposta incorreta ocorresse, então o cartão anterior era apresentado novamente. A AV foi definida pela média aritmética das freqüências espaciais contidas nos cartões para 4 reversões. Para o registro do PVEv, o sistema PowerDiva (Brosnahan et al., 1998) foi usado para gerar todos os estímulos e analisar as repostas provocadas. Estímulos de grades senoidais em reversão de fase em 3, 6 ou 10 Hz foram apresentados em monitor de vídeo monocromático de 21 polegadas com luminância média de 161,13 cd/m2. Registramos o eletroencefalograma com três eletrodos ativos (O1, Oz, O2) relacionados ao eletrodo de referência no vertex. Durante cada tentativa com duração de 10 segundos, resentávamos uma faixa de freqüência espacial que aumentava linearmente. Para cada condição (freqüência temporal - FT) foram usadas no mínimo três tentativas para estimar o limiar...(AU)


Objective: To evaluate the effects of intra-uterine malnutrition on grating visual acuity (VA) using Sweep VEP and Teller Acuity Cards (TAC). Method: Binocular grating acuity was evaluated in 41 newborns with gestational age 37 weeks. Twentythree were born with appropriate weight for gestational age (AGA age: 14.3 ± 7.5 weeks) and 18 were born small for gestational age (SGA age: 10.7 ± 4.1 weeks). Visual acuity was determined using both psychophysical (Teller Acuity Cards) and electrophysiological (sVEP) techniques. For the TAC evaluation, cards having calibrated black and white square waves gratings at spatial frequencies (SFs) between 0.23 and 19 cycles/degree were presented 55 cm from the subject. The test began with the lowest SF card in random orientation to which the experimenter was blind. Subsequent cards were presented in order of increasing SF until an incorrect response was made, at which time the prior (lower-SF) card was presented again. Visual acuity was defined as the average of the SF values for 4 reversals. For the sVEP recordings, the PowerDIVA VEP system (Brosnahan et al., 1998) was used to generate all stimuli and analyze the evoked responses. Stimuli were spatial luminance sinewave gratings presented on a 21-inch monochromatic high-resolution monitor (1600x1200 pixels) with an average luminance of 161.1 cd/m2. Gratings were phase-reversed at either 3, 6 or 10 Hz. The electroencephalogram was recorded using 3 active electrodes (O1,Oz,O2) related to the reference electrode at vertex. During each 10-sec sVEP trial a linear sweep of increasing SF was presented. Sweep ranges were selected according to the subjects age. For each condition (each TF), a minimum of 3 trials were used to estimate thresholds, but the majority of measures were the result of a vector average of 5 to 10 trials. For each condition, the acuity estimate used derived from the...(AU)

17.
Psico (Porto Alegre) ; 39(1): 28-32, jan.-mar. 2008. ilus
Article in Portuguese, English | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-42833

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar o método psicofísico da escolha forçada para mensurar a função desensibilidade ao contraste para freqüências radiais (FSCr) na faixa de 0,25-2 cpg em crianças pré-escolares.Foram estimados limiares de contraste para 15 participantes (dez crianças e cinco adultos). Todos os participantesapresentavam acuidade visual normal e se encontravam livres de doenças oculares identificáveis. Osresultados mostraram diferenças significantes entre as curvas de FSCr de crianças de 4 anos, 5 anos e adultos.Os resultados mostram ainda que as curvas de FSCr de crianças de 4 e 5 anos apresentam perfis semelhantesa dos adultos. Estes resultados sugerem que o método psicofísico da escolha forçada pode ser utilizadopara mensurar a FSCr de crianças a partir dos 4 anos(AU)


The aim of this work was to use the psychophysical forced-choice method to measure contrast sensitivityfunction for radial frequencies (rCSF) in the range between 0.25-2 cpd in preschool children. We measuredthe contrast thresholds of 15 participants (ten children and five young adults). All participants had normalvisual acuity and were free from identifiable ocular diseases. The results showed significant differencesamong the curves rCSF of 4 and 5 years old children and adults. The results showed yet that the curves rCSFof 4 and 5 years old children and adults were similar in general profiles. These results suggest that thepsychophysical forced-choice method can be used to measure the rCSF for children over 4 years old(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Child , Contrast Sensitivity , Psychophysics
18.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 21(1): 28-32, 2008. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-485291

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi medir a sensibilidade ao contraste para freqüências radiais (FSCr) de 0,25 a 2 cpg em crianças (4 a 7 anos) e adultos. Foram estimados limiares de contraste para 25 participantes (vinte crianças e cinco adultos jovens), utilizando o método psicofísico da escolha forçada. Os participantes apresentavam acuidade visual normal. Os resultados mostraram que as curvas (FSCr) de crianças de 4 a 7 anos melhoraram de forma significativa com a idade. Os resultados mostraram ainda que a FSCr de crianças de 7 anos é mais baixa do que a de adultos jovens. Estes resultados sugerem que o desenvolvimento da percepção visual de contraste para estímulos radiais ocorre gradualmente se prolongando além dos 7 anos.


The aim of this work was to measure contrast sensitivity for radial frequencies (rCSF) in the range between 0.25-2 cpd in children (4 to 7 years of age) and young adults. Contrast thresholds were estimated for 25 participants (twenty children and five adults) using the psychophysical forced-choice method at low luminance levels. All the cts participants had normal acuity. The results showed that the curves (rCSF) of the 4, 5, 6 and 7 years old improved significantly with age. The results also showed that the rCSF for 7 year old children was lower than in young adults. These results suggest that the development of contrast sensitivity for radial stimuli increases gradually even after turning 7 years old.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Contrast Sensitivity , Visual Perception
19.
Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) ; 17(37): 255-264, maio-ago. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-40839

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi mensurar a função de sensibilidade ao contraste de padrões circulares concêntricos (FSCr) com freqüências radiais de 0,25; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 cpg em crianças (8-9, 10-11 e 12-13 anos) e adultos jovens. Foram estimados limiares de contraste para 40 participantes (30 crianças e 10 adultos jovens) utilizando o método psicofísico da escolha forçada e nível baixo de luminância. Todos os participantes apresentavam acuidade visual normal e se encontravam livres de doenças oculares identificáveis. Os resultados mostraram que as curvas de FSCr de crianças de 8-9, 10-11 e 12-13 anos melhoram de forma significativa com a idade. Os resultados mostraram ainda que a FSCr de crianças de 12-13 anos é mais baixa do que a de adultos jovens. Estes resultados sugerem que o desenvolvimento da percepção visual de estímulos circulares concêntricos ocorre gradualmente se prolongando além dos 12-13 anos.(AU)


The aim of this study was to measure the function of contrast sensitivity to concentric circular patterns (rCSF) with radial frequencies of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 cpd in children (8-9, 10-11 and 12-13 years of age) and young adults. Contrast thresholds were measured in 40 participants (thirty children and ten young adults) using the psychophysical forced-choice method and low luminance level. All participants were free from identifiable ocular diseases and had normal acuity. The results showed that curves for rCSFs of 8-9, 10-11 and 12-13 years old improved significantly with age. The rCSFs for the 12-13 years old was lower than those of adults. It is suggested that the development of visual perception in concentric circular stimuli increases gradually beyond 12-13 years of age.(AU)


El objetivo de este trabajo fue mensurar la función de sensibilidad al contraste de padrones circulares concéntricos (FSCr) con frecuencias radiales de 0,25; 0,5; 1,0 y 2,0 cpg en niños (8-9, 10-11 y 12-13 años) y adultos jóvenes. Fueron estimados umbrales de contraste para 40 participantes (30 niños y 10 adultos jóvenes) utilizando el método psicofísico de la elección forzada y nivel bajo de luminancia. Todos los participantes presentaban acuidad visual normal y estaban libres de enfermedades oculares identificables. Los resultados mostraron que las curvas de la FSCr de niños de 8-9, 10-11 y 12-13 años mejoran de forma significativa con la edad. Los resultados mostraron aún que la FSCr de niños de 12-13 años es más baja que la de adultos jóvenes. Estos resultados sugieren que el desarrollo de la percepción visual de estímulos circulares concéntricos ocurrí gradualmente prolongándose después de los 12-13 años.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Contrast Sensitivity , Visual Perception
20.
Paidéia (Ribeiräo Preto) ; 17(37): 255-264, maio-ago. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-483389

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi mensurar a função de sensibilidade ao contraste de padrões circulares concêntricos (FSCr) com freqüências radiais de 0,25; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 cpg em crianças (8-9, 10-11 e 12-13 anos) e adultos jovens. Foram estimados limiares de contraste para 40 participantes (30 crianças e 10 adultos jovens) utilizando o método psicofísico da escolha forçada e nível baixo de luminância. Todos os participantes apresentavam acuidade visual normal e se encontravam livres de doenças oculares identificáveis. Os resultados mostraram que as curvas de FSCr de crianças de 8-9, 10-11 e 12-13 anos melhoram de forma significativa com a idade. Os resultados mostraram ainda que a FSCr de crianças de 12-13 anos é mais baixa do que a de adultos jovens. Estes resultados sugerem que o desenvolvimento da percepção visual de estímulos circulares concêntricos ocorre gradualmente se prolongando além dos 12-13 anos.


The aim of this study was to measure the function of contrast sensitivity to concentric circular patterns (rCSF) with radial frequencies of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 cpd in children (8-9, 10-11 and 12-13 years of age) and young adults. Contrast thresholds were measured in 40 participants (thirty children and ten young adults) using the psychophysical forced-choice method and low luminance level. All participants were free from identifiable ocular diseases and had normal acuity. The results showed that curves for rCSFs of 8-9, 10-11 and 12-13 years old improved significantly with age. The rCSFs for the 12-13 years old was lower than those of adults. It is suggested that the development of visual perception in concentric circular stimuli increases gradually beyond 12-13 years of age.


El objetivo de este trabajo fue mensurar la función de sensibilidad al contraste de padrones circulares concéntricos (FSCr) con frecuencias radiales de 0,25; 0,5; 1,0 y 2,0 cpg en niños (8-9, 10-11 y 12-13 años) y adultos jóvenes. Fueron estimados umbrales de contraste para 40 participantes (30 niños y 10 adultos jóvenes) utilizando el método psicofísico de la elección forzada y nivel bajo de luminancia. Todos los participantes presentaban acuidad visual normal y estaban libres de enfermedades oculares identificables. Los resultados mostraron que las curvas de la FSCr de niños de 8-9, 10-11 y 12-13 años mejoran de forma significativa con la edad. Los resultados mostraron aún que la FSCr de niños de 12-13 años es más baja que la de adultos jóvenes. Estos resultados sugieren que el desarrollo de la percepción visual de estímulos circulares concéntricos ocurrí gradualmente prolongándose después de los 12-13 años.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Contrast Sensitivity , Visual Perception
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