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1.
Clin Nucl Med ; 49(6): 529-535, 2024 Jun 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38619976

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This article aims to describe the presentation of Plummer disease and its evolution after radioiodine treatment and determine factors that may influence treatment efficacy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The sample included retrospective medical records of 165 adult patients with toxic nodular goiter treated with radioiodine between 1997 and 2017, followed up at a single thyroid center. RESULTS: The efficacy of treatment with a single dose of radioiodine was higher than 90%. The mean radioiodine activity was 28.9 ± 3.4 mCi. The mean time between radioiodine performance and hyperthyroidism resolution was 3.6 ± 3.0 months, ranging from 1-12 months. After the first year, 33.9% of the patients were under hypothyroidism, 59.4% under euthyroidism, and 6.7% under hyperthyroidism. Among the nonresponders, the variables that showed statistical difference were the presence of multinodular goiter and the radioiodine activity (mean, 25.5 ± 6.5 mCi; median, 30 [15-30 mCi]). The cumulative rate of hypothyroidism was 48.9% over 20 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Radioiodine therapy is an effective and safe treatment. In Plummer disease, high rates of euthyroidism are expected after the radioiodine treatment. Therapeutic failure was observed mainly in patients with larger multinodular goiters treated with lower doses of radioiodine. The evolution to hypothyroidism was mostly observed in younger patients with larger and uninodular goiters.


Subject(s)
Iodine Radioisotopes , Thyroid Nodule , Humans , Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Thyroid Nodule/radiotherapy , Thyroid Nodule/diagnostic imaging , Follow-Up Studies , Adult , Aged , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Time Factors , Aged, 80 and over
2.
Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol ; 51(3): 419-25, 2007 Apr.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17546240

ABSTRACT

The widespread use of neck ultrasonography (US) during the follow-up of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has led to the discovery of small cervical lymph nodes (LN). Although US has a high sensitivity for diagnosing LN, fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) and measurement of thyroglobulin in fine needle aspirates (FNA-Tg) have proven to be invaluable tools. The aim of this study is to determine the sensitivity of the combined use of neck US, FNA biopsy and FNA-Tg for diagnosis of cervical lymph nodes. We have studied 32 patients with 44 LN detected by US, 19 classified as inflammatory and 25 as suspicious. 15 of those 25 suspicious LN had high FNA-Tg (13 of the 15 had positive cytology and 2 indeterminate). All of these 15 LN (11 patients) were proven to be PTC metastasis by histopathology. All 19 inflammatory LN and those 10/25 suspicious LN, had cytology negative for malignancy and undetectable FNA-Tg. We conclude that fine needle aspiration biopsy and FNA-Tg combined with neck US are essential for detecting positive cervical lymph nodes due to its high sensitivity and specificity and it should be considered the standard for investigating locally recurrent disease in patients with PTC.


Subject(s)
Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods , Carcinoma, Papillary/secondary , Head and Neck Neoplasms/secondary , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Thyroglobulin/analysis , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , Carcinoma, Papillary/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma, Papillary/therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy , Humans , Lymph Nodes/chemistry , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Thyroglobulin/blood , Thyroid Neoplasms/therapy , Thyroidectomy , Ultrasonography , Whole Body Imaging
3.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 51(3): 419-425, abr. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-452182

ABSTRACT

Com a introdução da ultra-sonografia cervical (USC) no seguimento dos pacientes com carcinoma papilífero de tiróide (CPT), tornou-se freqüente o encontro de pequenos linfonodos (LNs) cervicais. Porém, apesar de a USC apresentar alta sensibilidade, o estudo citológico obtido por punção aspirativa (PAAF) e, nos últimos anos, a dosagem da tiroglobulina (Tg) no lavado da agulha da PAAF (Tg-PAAF) vêm assumindo papel importante no diagnóstico de LNs cervicais. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar a acurácia da combinação da USC, citologia e Tg-PAAF em LNs suspeitos. Estudamos 32 pacientes que apresentavam 44 LNs à USC, classificados como "inflamatórios" (19) ou "suspeitos" (25). Dos 25 LNs suspeitos, 15 apresentavam Tg-PAAF elevada (13 com citologia compatível com metástases e 2 com citologia não-diagnóstica). Esses 15 LNs (11 pacientes) foram confirmados como metástase de CP pelo exame histopatológico. Os 19 LNs "inflamatórios" e os 10/25 LNs "suspeitos" apresentaram citologia negativa e Tg-PAAF indetectável. Concluímos que a USC apresenta alta sensibilidade na detecção de linfonodos cervicais, porém citologia e dosagem de Tg-PAAF são fundamentais para o diagnóstico. A associação USC, citologia e Tg-PAAF pode ser considerada a abordagem mais sensível e específica na detecção de LNs metastáticos em pacientes com CPT.


The widespread use of neck ultrasonography (US) during the follow-up of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has led to the discovery of small cervical lymph nodes (LN). Although US has a high sensitivity for diagnosing LN, fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) and measurement of thyroglobulin in fine needle aspirates (FNA-Tg) have proven to be invaluable tools. The aim of this study is to determine the sensitivity of the combined use of neck US, FNA biopsy and FNA-Tg for diagnosis of cervical lymph nodes. We have studied 32 patients with 44 LN detected by US, 19 classified as inflammatory and 25 as suspicious. 15 of those 25 suspicious LN had high FNA-Tg (13 of the 15 had positive cytology and 2 indeterminate). All of these 15 LN (11 patients) were proven to be PTC metastasis by histopathology. All 19 inflammatory LN and those 10/25 suspicious LN, had cytology negative for malignancy and undetectable FNA-Tg. We conclude that fine needle aspiration biopsy and FNA-Tg combined with neck US are essential for detecting positive cervical lymph nodes due to its high sensitivity and specificity and it should be considered the standard for investigating locally recurrent disease in patients with PTC.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods , Carcinoma, Papillary/secondary , Head and Neck Neoplasms/secondary , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Thyroglobulin/analysis , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Papillary/therapy , Carcinoma, Papillary , Diagnosis, Differential , Follow-Up Studies , Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Lymphatic Metastasis , Lymph Nodes/chemistry , Thyroidectomy , Thyroglobulin/blood , Thyroid Neoplasms/therapy , Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , Whole Body Imaging
4.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) ; 60(6): 726-33, 2004 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15163337

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Immunosuppressive treatment of Graves' opthalmopathy (GO) should be restricted to patients with active eye disease, but assessing disease activity is difficult. Several methods to evaluate GO activity have been introduced, but none of them is satisfactory. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are complex polysaccharides that participate on the pathogenesis of GO and attempts to correlate its local increase to urinary GAGs (uGAGs) or serum hyaluronan (sHA) have been made, but the available techniques are labourious, time-consuming and difficult for routine use. The aim of the present study is to develop practical and simple methods for uGAGs and sHA and compare them to the activity and severity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: We developed a microelectrophoresis technique for uGAGs and a fluoroassay for sHA and assessed each in 152 patients with Graves' disease, 25 without GO and 127 with GO, classified according to the Clinical Activity Score (CAS). All patients had been euthyroid for > 2 months. RESULTS: Patients with inactive disease (CAS = 2, n = 100) had uGAGs (4.2 +/- 1.3 micro g/mg/creatinine) and sHA (11.1 +/- 7.2 micro g/l) that did not differ from normal subjects (3.1 +/- 1.1 micro g/mg/creatinine, n = 138 and 13.9 +/- 9.6 micro g/l, n = 395). In contrast, patients with active eye disease (CAS = 3, n = 27) had uGAGs (8.4 +/- 2.7 micro g/mg/creatinine) and sHA (32.3 +/- 17.8 micro g/l) 2-3 times higher than those patients with inactive eye disease. Using a cut-off of 6.1 micro g/mg creatinine for uGAGs and 20.7 micro g/l for sHA we found, respectively, 85% and 81% sensitivity and 93% and 91% specificity for each test. The positive and negative predictive values were 77% and 96% for uGAGs and 71% and 95% for sHA. CONCLUSION: Employing these two new methods we have established a significant relationship between the levels of uGAGs and/or sHA and the clinical activity of GO. Therefore, together with CAS, uGAGs determination, and, to a lesser degree, sHA, would be very useful in the discrimination from active and inactive ocular disease and aid in deciding on the best therapy for GO patients.


Subject(s)
Glycosaminoglycans/urine , Graves Disease/blood , Graves Disease/urine , Hyaluronic Acid/blood , Acute Disease , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel/methods , Female , Fluorometry/methods , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Selection , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , Smoking
5.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 48(2): 282-293, abr. 2004. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-361543

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Verificar a ocorrência de lesões malignas em pacientes com nódulos tiroidianos clinicamente benignos e o valor da repetição da citologia aspirativa da tiróide (PAAF). MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional prospectivo por 2 anos em coorte de 50 mulheres com nódulos tiroidianos clinicamente benignos, com exame clínico, ultra-sonografia (US) e PAAF inicial, seguidas por acompanhamento clínico, US e repunção dos mesmos nódulos (PAAF2). RESULTADOS: A palpação não é bom método para o seguimento dos nódulos quando comparada ao US. O quadro clínico foi parâmetro de confiança, pois 47/50 pacientes (94 por cento) evoluíram sem malignidade durante o seguimento. PAAF1 e PAAF2 concordaram em 33/39 pacientes quando PAAF1 foi negativa (85 por cento); 11 pacientes foram operadas, 8 por PAAF suspeita e 3 por aumento do volume nodular durante o seguimento. O anátomo-patológico (AP) foi benigno nas lesões suspeitas (8 adenomas e 3 bócios colóides). Houve 2 casos de microcarcinoma papilífero não invasivo em área distante dos nódulos e 1 caso de carcinoma papilífero não invasivo em bócio multi-nodular. CONCLUSÕES: Houve concordância entre características clínicas de benignidade com PAAF, US e acompanhamento clínico ou cirurgia; numa paciente encontramos carcinoma papilífero. O US deve ser considerado em pacientes com suspeita de nódulos de tiróide ao exame clínico; na maioria das vezes quando o resultado da PAAF1 é negativo para malignidade, o segundo exame citológico confirma o primeiro.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Thyroid Neoplasms/complications , Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology , Thyroid Nodule/complications , Follow-Up Studies , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Time Factors , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Thyroid Nodule/diagnosis
6.
Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol ; 48(2): 282-93, 2004 Apr.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15640884

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: To study the frequency of malignant lesions in patients with clinically benign thyroid nodules and the value of the repetition of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). METHODS: Observational and prospective 2-year study in a cohort of 50 patients with clinically benign thyroid nodules. Patients were initially submitted to clinical examination, ultrasound (US) and FNAB1 patients, followed by a second FNAB and US. RESULTS: Palpation is not a good test for diagnosis and follow-up of thyroid nodules. On the other hand, the initial consideration that these patients should harbor benign lesions is a very useful parameter, since 47/50 patients (94%) did not present malignant lesions during the follow-up. FNAB1 and FNAB2 were concordant in 33/39 patients when FNAB1 was negative (85%); 11 patients were operated, 8 by suspicious FNAB and 3 due to nodule growth. We observed 2 patients with non-invasive papillary microcarcinoma and 1 patient with papillary carcinoma outside of the main nodules. CONCLUSION: there was concordance between initial clinical benign diagnosis, FNAB and the follow-up. In one case there was a papillary carcinoma. In addition, ultrasonography should be considered for all patients with suspected thyroid nodules. Finally, we demonstrated that a second cytology usually confirms the result of the first cytology in benign thyroid nodules.


Subject(s)
Thyroid Neoplasms/complications , Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology , Thyroid Nodule/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Incidence , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Thyroid Nodule/diagnosis , Time Factors
7.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 47(5): 543-551, out. 2003. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-354420

ABSTRACT

A injeçäo percutânea de etanol (IPE) guiada por ultra-som tem sido utilizada para o tratamento de nódulos tiroidianos autônomos, sólidos e císticos. Apresentamos nossa experiência em 50 pacientes tratados, sendo 26 portadores de nódulos sólidos, 17 de nódulos císticos e 7 de nódulos autônomos (NA). Avaliamos os pacientes 1 semana, 1 mês, 3 meses, 6 meses e 1 ano após a IPE. Após 1 ano, os nódulos sólidos reduziram a 74 por cento do volume inicial, os císticos diminuíram 92 por cento sem apresentar recidivas. Um ano após o tratamento dos nódulos autônomos, 5 pacientes estavam em eutiroidismo clínico e laboratorial e 2 em eutiroidismo mas com TSH subnormal. Näo houve recorrência da tirotoxicose e a reduçäo nodular foi de 66 por cento. O procedimento foi bem tolerado por todos. Os resultados confirmam que a IPE é uma boa alternativa terapêutica para reduçäo dos nódulos tiroidianos císticos e sólidos e no tratamento dos nódulos autônomos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ethanol , Thyroid Nodule/therapy , Administration, Cutaneous , Hyperthyroidism , Sclerotherapy , Ultrasonography
10.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 37(2): 75-9, jun. 1993. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-150997

ABSTRACT

Estudamos retrospectivamente o quadro clínico e laboratorial, assim como a evoluçäo, de 31 pacientes com diagnóstico de bócio uninodular autônomo atóxico (BUAA), acompanhados na Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Escola Paulista de Medicina de 1983 a 1989. Eram 29 mulheres e 2 homens, com idades variando de 18 a 68 anos, eutiroidianos clínica e laboratorialmente à apresentaçäo; 18 mostravam tecido extra-nodular parcialmente captante e 13 näo evidenciavam tecido extra-nodular captante; no teste TRH 8 tinham resposta abolida, 8 resposta parcial e 4 resposta normal; todos os 13 casos que se submeteram à supressäo com T3 tiveram a resposta abolida; todos os 12 casos que realizaram o teste de estímulo com TSH exógeno apresentaram resposta positiva. Näo houve correlaçäo entre o aspecto do nódulo ao mapeamento e a resposta do TSH ao TRH, nem entre o teste do TRH e o teste de supressäo com T3. Quanto ao seguimento, 4 pacientes evoluiram para o hipertiroidismo no espaço de 1 a 3 anos, enquanto que um apresnetou hipotiroidismo por tiroidite de Hashimoto; além disso, indicamos ciruriga ou radioterapia profiláticas em outros 7 casos por possuirem nódulos grandes ou doenças associadas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Goiter, Nodular , Follow-Up Studies , Goiter, Nodular , Goiter, Nodular/complications , Goiter, Nodular/therapy , Retrospective Studies
11.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 37(1): 18-22, mar. 1993.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-162700

ABSTRACT

Realizamos a análise custo-benefício da citologia aspirativa obtida porpunçao aspirativa com agulha fina da tiróide (PAAF) como método único indicativo de cirúrgia, calculando os dados reais obtidos em 172 pacientes portadores de nódulo tiroideano que foram submetidos à cirúrgia. Comparando-se os dados citológicos com a histologia, a PAAF apresentou sensibilidade de 87 por cento, especificidade de 74 por cento e acurácia de 77 por cento. O estudo de custo-benefício comparou os gastos com os benefícios auferidos pela PAAF em relaçao à cintilografia. Nosso trabalho demonstra que a PAAF apresenta razao benefício/custo altamente satisfatória, da ordem de 10,3 a 13,1 para o paciente previdenciário do INAMPS e da ordem de 8,5 a 11,7 para o paciente proveniente da clínica particular. Desta maneira, além das vantagens de simplicidade, especificidade e sensibilidade, a punçao aspirativa da tiróide é econômica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cost-Benefit Analysis/economics , Biopsy, Needle/economics , Thyroid Nodule/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Thyroid Nodule
12.
Rev. paul. med ; 109(2): 55-60, mar.-abr. 1991. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-94832

ABSTRACT

Objetivo do estudo: avaliar a perda de massa óssea que acontece no hipertiroidismo através de densitometria e estudar a participaçäo do paratormônio (PTH) na gênese dessa osteopenia. Tipo de estudo: estudo prospectivo de pacientes com hipertiroidismo, antes e após tratamento. Local: Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Escola Paulista de Medicina, Säo Paulo, SP. pacientes: foram analisados 14 pacientes ambulatoriais com quadro clínico e laboratorial de bócio difuso tóxico (doença de Basedow-Graves). Seis desses pacientes foram reestudados após tratamento, estando em eutiroidismo há pelo menos seis meses. Intervençöes: avaliamos a densidade óssea de vértebras lombares por atenuaçäo de fótons (153Gd). Estudamos a secreçäo de PTH (PTH aminoterminal por radioimunoensaio altamente sensível) através da resposta ao teste de estímulo pela hipocalcemia induzida por EDTA, comparando esses resultados com os obtidos em um grupo controle de dez indivíduos normais. Medidas e resultados: a densitometria óssea foi significantemente maior (p < 0,001) após tratamento (1,300 ñ 0,79 gCa/cm2) do que em tirotoxicose (1,229 ñ 0,091gCa/cm2). A queda de Ca avaliada através de sua constante de decremento foi significantemente menor (p < 0,001) nos hipertiróideos (-0,698 x 10**3 ñ0,12 x 10**5) do que en indivíduos normais (-1,486 x 10**3ñ 9,33 x 10**5), regularizando-se após terapêutica. A queda de Ca foi suficiente para provocar elevaçäo dos níveis de PTH, que atingiram um platô de resposta máxima. O incremento máximo de PTH nos pacientes em tirotoxicose (2,34 ñ 0,45pmol) foi significantemente menor (p < 0,01) do que nos controles normais (7,51 ñ 0,40). Após seis meses de eutiroidismo, a resposta secretória de PTH normalizou-se. Conclusöes: o aumento da densidade óssea nos pacientes hipertiróideos, após tratamento, demonstra que esses pacientes haviam sofrido algum grau de osteopenia durante a fase de tirotoxicose. A menor reserva hormonal paratiroidiana no hipertiroidismo sugere que as alteraçöes ósseas encontradas nesses pacientes sejam devidas principalmente à açäo direta dos próprios hormônios tiroidianos. Essas alteraçöes säo reversíveis após seis meses de eutiroidismo


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Male , Female , Parathyroid Hormone/pharmacology , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology , Bone Density , Hyperthyroidism/complications , Hyperthyroidism/physiopathology , Parathyroid Hormone/blood , Parathyroid Glands/physiopathology , Thyroid Hormones/blood , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/drug therapy , Calcium/blood , Prospective Studies , Regression Analysis , Edetic Acid
13.
Resid. méd. (Rio J.) ; 14(6): 49, 53-4, 57-8 passim, ago. 1985. ilus, mapas
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-30186

Subject(s)
Goiter
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