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1.
Rehabilitación (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 46(3): 246-249, jul.-sept. 2012.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-102545

ABSTRACT

Los tumores espinales son raros en el conjunto de todos los tumores del sistema nervioso central (SNC). Dentro de ellos, los meningiomas son uno de los más frecuentes (25-46% de los tumores espinales). Los meningiomas se originan a partir de las células meningoteliales. Son en general benignos, de lento crecimiento, predominan en las mujeres con edades medias-avanzadas y sobre todo en el raquis dorsal. No tienen síntomas específicos, suelen presentar: dolor, debilidad muscular, alteraciones sensitivas e incontinencia urinaria. Esta falta de clínica específica determina que se diagnostiquen tardíamente y que queden enmascarados por otros cuadros más frecuentes como la hernia discal o la enfermedad degenerativa del raquis. Si se realiza un diagnóstico precoz, los resultados del tratamiento son excelentes. Presentamos un caso de meningioma cervical hallado casualmente con una resonancia magnética (RM) solicitada por sospecha de otro proceso (AU)


Spinal tumors are rare in the group of all central nervous system (CNS). Among them, meningiomas are one of the most common (25-46% of spinal tumors). Meningioma originate from the meningothelial cells. They are generally benign, slow-growing, and predominate in middle age or elderly women. They are especially located in the thoracic spine. They have no specific symptoms although they usually present with pain, muscle weakness, sensory disturbances and urinary incontinence. This lack of specific symptoms causes late diagnosis and they are usually masked by other more common diseases as herniated disk or degenerative spinal disease. If an early diagnosed is carried out, treatment outcomes are excellent. We present a case of cervical meningioma found by chance thanks to a MRI requested due to suspicion of another disease (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Meningioma/complications , Meningioma/diagnosis , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/complications , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/rehabilitation , Early Diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Central Nervous System/pathology , Central Nervous System , /methods
2.
Rehabilitación (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 41(3): 116-120, mayo 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-057774

ABSTRACT

Introducción. En la literatura científica encontramos varias asociaciones entre distintas lesiones cutáneas y anomalías musculoesqueléticas. El objetivo de este trabajo es establecer si existe una relación más allá de lo meramente casual entre la escoliosis idiopática y distintas alteraciones cutáneas pigmentadas de origen congénito. Material y métodos. Estudio preliminar donde se valoraron 14 pacientes con lesiones cutáneas congénitas, de origen melanocítico (nevus melanocítico congénito, nevus spilus) y no melanocítico (nevus epidérmico, nevus sebáceo de Jadassohn y nevus de Becker). Se les realizó una exploración física tanto desde el punto de vista dermatológico como musculoesquelético, además de una radiografía de raquis. Se utilizó el método de Cobb para la medición de las curvas. Resultados. Se encontraron 5 pacientes con criterios clínicos y radiológicos de escoliosis idiopática, que representan una frecuencia de escoliosis asociada a lesiones cutáneas pigmentadas congénitas del 35,7 %. Se trataba de curvas de escasa magnitud, con un valor medio del ángulo de Cobb de 12°. Se asociaron a las siguientes enfermedades cutáneas: nevus melanocítico congénito (2 casos), nevus spilus (1), nevus epidérmico (1) y nevus de Becker (1). Discusión. Tras este estudio piloto en el que se confirma una asociación superior a la esperada (la frecuencia de escoliosis en la población general es del 2 %), se abre una vía de investigación clínica para vincular las características clínicas y topográficas de ambas enfermedades


Introduction. Some links between cutaneous disorders and musculoskeletal diseases have been described in medical journals. This study aimed to discover if there is a relationship between idiopathic scoliosis and a group of pigmented, cutaneous, congenital abnormalities. Material and methods. Preliminary study that evaluated 14 patients with cutaneous congenital abnormalities, melanocytic (congenital melanocytic nevus, nevus spilus) and no-melanocytic (epidermal nevi, Jadassohn nevi and Melanosis naeviformis of Becker). Dermatological and musculoskeletal physical examinations and spine X-ray were performed. Cobb method was used to measure curves. Results. We found 5 patients with clinical and radiological criteria of idiopathic scoliosis. The association between scoliosis and pigmented cutaneous abnormalities reach 35.7 %. The curve scoliosis size was mild and mean Cobb angle was 12°. It was associated specifically with melanocytic nevi (2 patients), nevus spilus (1), epidermal nevus (1) and Melanosis naeviformis of Becker (1). Discussion. This pilot study describes the association frequency and size, between two pathological conditions, in a preliminary report. We have shown a higher association than expected (scoliosis prevalence in general population is 2 %). This finding suggests a new research line to link clinical and topographic trends of both disorders


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Pigmentation Disorders/congenital , Pigmentation Disorders/complications , Scoliosis/complications , Prospective Studies , Pilot Projects
3.
Rehabilitación (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 40(4): 188-192, jul. 2006. ilus, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-046539

ABSTRACT

Introducción. En el tratamiento del dolor miofascial (DMF) se han recomendado diversos tipos de infiltración de puntos gatillo (PG). El propósito de este trabajo es comparar la eficacia y los efectos evolutivos de dos modalidades: punción seca (PS) e infiltración de anestésico local (IAL). Material y método. Se presenta un estudio observacional de casos y controles, en el que se incluyeron de forma consecutiva 24 pacientes con DMF, 15 tratados con PS y 9 con IAL. Se estudiaron las siguientes variables: dolor, mediante la escala analógica visual (EAV), en reposo y en esfuerzo, y el umbral doloroso mediante el algómetro de presión. Se valoró también la EAV durante la técnica y a los 20 minutos. Resultados. Se estudiaron 22 mujeres y dos varones con una edad media de 48 años. Todos los pacientes tratados mejoraron sus parámetros de dolor en reposo y al esfuerzo (p < 0,01). No hubo diferencias significativas entre ambas técnicas en cuanto a la mejora de la EAV. La EAV en reposo mejoró un porcentaje medio del 35 %, y un 33 % el de esfuerzo. La mejora del umbral de dolor fue mayor en los pacientes tratados con PS (p = 0,04). No hubo diferencia en las molestias sentidas durante la terapia, ni en el efecto inmediato del tratamiento. Discusión. Tanto la PS como la IAL son efectivas en la inactivación del PG, con efecto analgésico semejante. Sin embargo hay una cierta tendencia de la PS a mejorar más el umbral doloroso, hecho que sugiere mayor capacidad de inactivación del PG. Se concluye así que ambas técnicas pueden utilizarse para el alivio del dolor en aquellos pacientes diagnosticados de DMF


Introduction. Several kinds of trigger point injection have been recommended for myofascial pain syndrome. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and evolutive effects of two types of myofascial treatment: dry needling and local anaesthetic injection (LAI). Patients and methods. We included 24 myofascial pain patients, 15 treated by dry needling and 9 treated by anaesthetic local injection. The following variables were studied: resting and active pain by Visual Analogical Scale (VAS); pain threshold was measured by pressure algometer; discomfort during technique and immediate effect, at 20 minutes (VAS). Results. Twenty two females and 2 males with a mean age of 48 years, were treated. Patients improved resting and active pain level (p < 0.01). Pain threshold improved more in dry needling group (p = 0.04). Percentage transformed VAS improved 35 % resting and 33 % in activities. No differences were observed between groups in discomfort during therapy or in immediate effect of the treatment. Discussion. Dry needling and anaesthetic injection were effective for trigger point release. We observed more improvement on pain threshold in dry needling group, which suggests that technique is better to release trigger point. We concluded both techniques were useful to alleviate pain in myofascial syndrome patients


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Middle Aged , Humans , Myofascial Pain Syndromes/therapy , Anesthesia, Local/methods , Infusions, Intralesional/methods , Punctures/methods , Acupuncture/methods , Case-Control Studies
4.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 64(5): 428-32, 2006 May.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16756883

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The use of drugs in pediatrics, specially in neonates, poses two main problems: the legal conditions for their use in this population and the lack of commercial formulations suitable for pediatric dosing. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed the drug prescriptions of all patients admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit over 46 days, chosen at random between September and November 2005. RESULTS: A total of 2,558 drug prescriptions were issued, corresponding to 62 different drugs. Overall, 5.2 % of prescriptions were for drugs not authorized for use in pediatric patients. In neonates, this percentage increased to 8.4 %. A total of 22.6 % of the drugs were not authorized for use in neonates. Formulations prepared by the hospital pharmacists were required in 17.2 % of drug prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS: In the last few years, information on drugs in pediatric patients has increased. However, continued efforts are required in this field so that drugs with proven clinical efficacy in pediatric patients become authorized for use in this population. Because of the lack of suitable commercial formulations for use in pediatric patients, preparation of formulations by the hospital pharmacist and the use of drug dilutions at the bedside are mandatory, both of which are a source of possible preparation and administration errors.


Subject(s)
Drug Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Health Services Accessibility , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Prospective Studies
5.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 64(5): 428-432, mayo 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-046028

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La utilización de fármacos en pediatría, y en especial en pacientes neonatos, plantea dos problemas fundamentales: condiciones legales de su uso en esta población y falta de presentaciones comerciales adaptadas a las dosis pediátricas. Pacientes y métodos: Se revisaron las órdenes médicas de todos los pacientes ingresados en la unidad neonatal durante 46 días elegidos al azar en el período comprendido entre septiembre y noviembre de 2005. Resultados: Se registraron 2.558 prescripciones correspondientes a 62 fármacos distintos. El porcentaje de prescripciones de fármacos de uso no recomendado en pediatría fue del 5,2 %, sin embargo, en neonatos este valor ascendía al 8,4 %. El 22,6 % de los fármacos utilizados no tenían indicación autorizada en neonatos. Fue necesaria la elaboración de fórmulas magistrales en el 17,2 % de las prescripciones. Conclusiones: La información sobre fármacos en pacientes pediátricos ha aumentado en los últimos años, sin embargo, es necesario seguir trabajando en este campo para que fármacos con evidencia clínica de eficacia alcancen la condición de aceptados y registrados para su empleo en pediatría. La falta de presentaciones adaptadas a las necesidades de estos pacientes conlleva la elaboración de fórmulas magistrales y la dilución de fármacos, fuentes de posibles errores de preparación y administración


Introduction: The use of drugs in pediatrics, specially in neonates, poses two main problems: the legal conditions for their use in this population and the lack of commercial formulations suitable for pediatric dosing. Patients and methods: We reviewed the drug prescriptions of all patients admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit over 46 days, chosen at random between September and November 2005. Results: A total of 2,558 drug prescriptions were issued, corresponding to 62 different drugs. Overall, 5.2 % of prescriptions were for drugs not authorized for use in pediatric patients. In neonates, this percentage increased to 8.4 %. A total of 22.6 % of the drugs were not authorized for use in neonates. Formulations prepared by the hospital pharmacists were required in 17.2 % of drug prescriptions. Conclusions: In the last few years, information on drugs in pediatric patients has increased. However, continued efforts are required in this field so that drugs with proven clinical efficacy in pediatric patients become authorized for use in this population. Because of the lack of suitable commercial formulations for use in pediatric patients, preparation of formulations by the hospital pharmacist and the use of drug dilutions at the bedside are mandatory, both of which are a source of possible preparation and administration errors


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/drug therapy , Intensive Care, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Drug Compounding
6.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 64(4): 330-5, 2006 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16606569

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Medication errors occur because of pitfalls in one or more of the steps involved in the process of drug administration and should be considered as system errors. They should never be considered as human errors with assignment of responsibility. Rather, their causes should be analyzed to prevent repetition. The ultimate aim should be to improve working procedures to avoid these errors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 122 prescriptions were prospectively analyzed, along with their corresponding transcription to the nursing notes. Their legibility, dose, units, route of administration, and administration interval were evaluated. Units per kilogram of body weight and the use of generic names were also recorded. RESULTS: Prescription errors were detected in 35.2 % of the prescriptions reviewed. The most frequent errors were related to dosing (16.4 %). Analysis of the quality of the prescriptions revealed that 61.5 % of the drugs were prescribed by their generic name, but only 4.1 % specified the dose per kilogram of body weight. Errors were detected in 21.3 % of transcriptions, the most frequent being the absence of the administration route (7.4 %). The generic name was used in 57.4 % of the transcriptions. CONCLUSIONS: In the busy and complex environment of neonatal units, medication errors can be frequent. However, most of these errors are trivial and do not harm patients. Medication errors are indicators of the quality of the healthcare provided. Therefore, their detection and systematic analysis of their causes can contribute to their systematic prevention, thus improving the healthcare delivery process.


Subject(s)
Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Medication Errors , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/standards , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Medication Errors/prevention & control , Medication Errors/statistics & numerical data , Quality of Health Care , Spain
7.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 64(4): 330-335, abr. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-047441

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: Los errores de medicación se producen por fallos en los procesos de utilización de los medicamentos y se deben analizar como errores de sistema. Nunca se deben considerar como errores humanos y asignar responsabilidades, sino analizar sus causas para prevenir que los errores se repitan. El objetivo final debe ser la mejora de los procedimientos de trabajo para evitar que vuelvan a suceder. Pacientes y métodos: Se revisaron prospectivamente 122 prescripciones de medicamentos y sus correspondientes transcripciones a la hoja de enfermería, de recién nacidos ingresados en la unidad neonatal. Se valoró la legibilidad, dosificación, unidades, vía e intervalos de administración. Se registraron también la especificación de las unidades por kilogramo de peso y el uso de genéricos. Resultados: Se detectaron errores de prescripción en el 35,2 % de las revisadas, siendo los más frecuentes los de dosificación (16,4 %). En cuanto a la calidad de las prescripciones, el 61,5 % de los fármacos estaban prescritos con su nombre genérico y sólo en el 4,1 % de los casos se especificó la dosis por kilogramo de peso. Se detectó el 21,3 % de errores en las transcripciones. El error más frecuente fue la ausencia de vía de administración (7,4 %). La denominación genérica en las transcripciones se utilizó en el 57,4 % de los casos. Conclusiones: En las unidades neonatales, con ambientes de mucha carga y complejidad asistencial, los errores de medicación pueden suceder frecuentemente. Sin embargo, destacamos que la mayoría de ellos fueron triviales y no causando daño alguno a los pacientes. Los errores de medicación son indicadores de la calidad de la asistencia sanitaria, por lo que su detección, y el análisis de sus causas, puede ayudar a su prevención sistemática, mejorando así la calidad del proceso asistencial


Background: Medication errors occur because of pitfalls in one or more of the steps involved in the process of drug administration and should be considered as system errors. They should never be considered as human errors with assignment of responsibility. Rather, their causes should be analyzed to prevent repetition. The ultimate aim should be to improve working procedures to avoid these errors. Patients and methods: A total of 122 prescriptions were prospectively analyzed, along with their corresponding transcription to the nursing notes. Their legibility, dose, units, route of administration, and administration interval were evaluated. Units per kilogram of body weight and the use of generic names were also recorded. Results: Prescription errors were detected in 35.2 % of the prescriptions reviewed. The most frequent errors were related to dosing (16.4 %). Analysis of the quality of the prescriptions revealed that 61.5 % of the drugs were prescribed by their generic name, but only 4.1 % specified the dose per kilogram of body weight. Errors were detected in 21.3 % of transcriptions, the most frequent being the absence of the administration route (7.4 %). The generic name was used in 57.4 % of the transcriptions. Conclusions: In the busy and complex environment of neonatal units, medication errors can be frequent. However, most of these errors are trivial and do not harm patients. Medication errors are indicators of the quality of the healthcare provided. Therefore, their detection and systematic analysis of their causes can contribute to their systematic prevention, thus improving the healthcare delivery process


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Humans , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/standards , Medical Errors/prevention & control , Medical Errors/statistics & numerical data , Quality of Health Care , Spain
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