Análisis de la situación de la fisioterapia en los centros educativos en España / Analysis of the situation of School-based Physiotherapy Services in Spain

Antecedentes y objetivo: El alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales puede necesitar el apoyo específico y especializado de fisioterapia, con el fin de facilitar el desarrollo de su máximo potencial y ayudar en su inclusión educativa. La información acerca de la implementación de la fisioterapia en los centros educativos en el territorio español es muy escasa. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la situación de la fisioterapia en los centros educativos y compararla entre las diferentes comunidades autónomas. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal a través de la elaboración de una encuesta online, diseñada junto a un panel de expertos a través del método Delphi. Se incluyeron seis bloques temáticos relacionados con la atención de fisioterapia, las condiciones laborales de los fisioterapeutas en los centros educativos y con la cobertura de las necesidades del alumnado. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 178 respuestas. Su distribución geográfica fue homogénea, aunque se detectaron grandes diferencias entre las comunidades autónomas. La mayoría de las personas encuestadas trabajan en centros de educación especial y existen comunidades autónomas en las que no se trabaja en centros ordinarios. Solo el 28,4% contestaron que la figura del fisioterapeuta está integrada en los equipos de orientación educativa de su comunidad autónoma y tienen la función de determinar la necesidad del recurso. Conclusiones: El desarrollo del trabajo de fisioterapia en los centros educativos como apoyo al alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales es desigual entre las comunidades autónomas, y en algunas, se considera insuficiente.

Background and objective: Students with special educational needs may need the specific and specialized support of Physiotherapy in order to facilitate the development of their maximum potential and help in their educational inclusion. The information about school-based Physical Therapy development in Spain is very scarce. The objective of this study is to describe the situation of physiotherapy in educational centers and compare it among the different autonomous communities. Materials and methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out through the elaboration of an online survey, designed together with a panel of experts using the Delphi method. Six thematic blocks were included related to the provision of the physiotherapy service, working conditions and the coverage of the students’ needs. Results: 178 responses were obtained. Their geographical distribution was homogeneous, although large differences were detected among the autonomous communities. Most of the participants work in special education centers and there are autonomous communities in which physical therapists do not work in ordinary centers. Only 28.4% answered that the physiotherapist is integrated into the educational orientation teams of their autonomous community and has the function of determining the need for the resource. Conclusions: School-based Physiotherapy services to support students with special educational needs is unequal among the autonomous communities, and in some of them it is considered insufficient.

Experimental and theoretical study of dyes adsorption process on chitosan-based cryogel.

In this research, the adsorption of three synthetic dyes dissolved in an aqueous solution on chitosan cryogel beads (Q-C-EGDE) was compared. The effect of the pH of the solution on the adsorption capacity of each dyes was analyzed. Furthermore, the kinetics and adsorption isotherms were compared, at temperatures of 283.15 K, 303.15 K and 323.15 K, and the kinetic and adsorption equilibrium data were fitted to three mathematical models, respectively. The biosorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the nitrogen physisorption BET method and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The characterization results show that the cryogel is composed of low-surface, macroporous, porous grooved walls. The functional groups that took part in the adsorption were mainly amino groups (NH3+). When comparing the adsorption capacities, it was found that the dyes adsorb in the following order Blue 1 > Red 2 > Yellow 5 reaching capacities from 1600 mg/L to 850 mg/L. The results of the adsorption and mathematical modelling suggest that the process is regulated mainly by physisorption and is largely limited by mass transfer mechanisms within the cryogel, where the electrostatic charges present affect adsorption. The latter was corroborated by the Monte Carlo simulation.

Development of standardized method for the quantification of azo dyes by UV-Vis in binary mixtures.

The azo dyes, Yellow 5 (Y5), Red 2 (R2) and Blue 1 (B1), quantified in solutions and in mixtures of binary dyes, were studied by means of UV-Vis spectroscopy. In this work was used a CIE algorithm developed in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). The CIE algorithm is based on the tristimulus chromaticity diagram, as an alternative to the shielding effect that arises in dye mixtures, and it can also be applied to complex quantification methods such as HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). The results obtained through of the algorithm, showed a higher accuracy from 97 to 99% in relation with similar UV-Vis quantification methods. In contrast, linear methods only managed to reach an accuracy from 78 to 98%. Additionally, the algorithm yielded significant similar values to the UHPLC reference method. The results showed that the method CIE algorithm was accessible and reliable to quantify binary mixtures of the dyes used which suggests the possibility to apply this method on other dyes, within the limits of quantification obtained in this study (0.076-24.56 mg/L) and the pH values from 2 to 10.

Comparative Study of Infliximab Versus Adalimumab in Refractory Uveitis due to Behçet's Disease: National Multicenter Study of 177 Cases.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of infliximab (IFX) versus adalimumab (ADA) as a first-line biologic drug over 1 year of treatment in a large series of patients with refractory uveitis due to Behçet's disease (BD). METHODS: We conducted an open-label multicenter study of IFX versus ADA for BD-related uveitis refractory to conventional nonbiologic treatment. IFX or ADA was chosen as the first-line biologic agent based on physician and patient agreement. Patients received 3-5 mg/kg intravenous IFX at 0, 2, and 6 weeks and every 4-8 weeks thereafter, or 40 mg subcutaneous ADA every other week without a loading dose. Ocular parameters were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The study included 177 patients (316 affected eyes), of whom 103 received IFX and 74 received ADA. There were no significant baseline differences between treatment groups in main demographic features, previous therapy, or ocular sign severity. After 1 year of therapy, we observed an improvement in all ocular parameters in both groups. However, patients receiving ADA had significantly better outcomes in some parameters, including improvement in anterior chamber inflammation (92.31% versus 78.18% for IFX; P = 0.06), improvement in vitritis (93.33% versus 78.95% for IFX; P = 0.04), and best-corrected visual acuity (mean ± SD 0.81 ± 0.26 versus 0.67 ± 0.34 for IFX; P = 0.001). A nonsignificant difference was seen for macular thickness (mean ± SD 250.62 ± 36.85 for ADA versus 264.89 ± 59.74 for IFX; P = 0.15), and improvement in retinal vasculitis was similar between the 2 groups (95% for ADA versus 97% for IFX; P = 0.28). The drug retention rate was higher in the ADA group (95.24% versus 84.95% for IFX; P = 0.042). CONCLUSION: Although both IFX and ADA are efficacious in refractory BD-related uveitis, ADA appears to be associated with better outcomes than IFX after 1 year of follow-up.

Adsorption mechanisms of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions on modified activated carbons.

Functional groups of the activated carbon play the major role in metals removal from aqueous solutions and, for this reason, different treatments can be used to modify the adsorbent surface improving the adsorption capacity for a particular pollutant. In this research, oxidation with nitric acid, heating under an inert atmosphere, and ammonia treatment were applied to modify the activated carbon surface. The modified adsorbents were used for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solutions at different concentrations (10-500 mg L-1), pH 6, and 25 °C. Adsorption mechanisms of Cr(VI) on the activated carbon were proposed based on the surface chemistry, adsorption/reduction, and desorption experiments. Findings demonstrate that acid functional groups of the activated carbon had an important effect on the hexavalent chromium removal. For instance, a high reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) (50%) was obtained by the oxidized adsorbents, whereas the heat treated adsorbents achieved a low reduction (35%), but the ammonia-treated activated carbon achieved the lowest reduction (20%). The heat-treated adsorbent showed the best Cr(VI) adsorption capacity (48 mg g-1), especially at equilibrium Cr(VI) concentration lower than 200 mg L-1, and the fastest adsorption kinetics among the studied adsorbents. Furthermore, the highest Cr(VI) desorption (90%) was achieved with 0.1 N NaOH-NaCl solutions. In summary, an anionic/reduction coupled adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) seems to be feasible, and the heat-treated activated carbon is an interesting option for sequestering Cr(VI) species from aqueous effluents.

Estrategia colaborativa para la integración de competencias en la formación de grado en enfermería / Collaborative strategy for integration of competences in nursing degree

OBJETIVO: Analizar los resultados académicos y explorar la satisfacción tanto del alumnado como del profesorado de la experiencia de integración de 2 asignaturas de segundo curso del grado en enfermería. MÉTODO: Proyecto de innovación docente llevado a cabo durante 4 cursos, sobre la población de estudiantes de 2.° curso de grado en enfermería, matriculados en las asignaturas de Enfermería del adulto II y Enfermería del anciano. Para ello se diseñó una actividad docente común entre las 2 asignaturas, a partir de competencias, resultados de aprendizaje y contenidos compartidos. La metodología utilizada fue el trabajo colaborativo aplicado a la resolución de un caso clínico. RESULTADOS: En la experiencia participaron 668 alumnos. Respecto al rendimiento académico global el 51,5% de estudiantes obtuvieron una calificación de notable, el 35,6% sobresaliente, el 11,5% aprobado y el 1,4% suspenso. Respecto a los resultados de satisfacción a partir de los cuestionarios administrados a los estudiantes estos manifestaron una elevada satisfacción con el nivel competencial logrado, destacando principalmente la competencia de «integrar el aprendizaje de las distintas asignaturas», seguida por las competencias de «establecer relaciones entre teoría y práctica», «desarrollar el pensamiento reflexivo» y «aprender de forma autónoma». CONCLUSIONES: En función de los buenos resultados académicos obtenidos y el elevado grado de satisfacción de los estudiantes y docentes, consideramos necesario seguir trabajando en esta línea en años futuros, ya que este tipo de enseñanza favorece un currículo integrado, así como mejores resultados de aprendizaje

OBJECTIVE: Analyse academic results and explore satisfaction of students and professors from the experience of integration of two subjects in second year of Degree in Nursing. METHOD: Teaching innovation project carried out for four courses on the population of students of 2nd year of Degree in Nursing, subjects enrolled in Adult Nursing II and Geriatric Nursing. For this purpose, a common teaching practice was designed between the two subjects, from competencies, learning outcomes and shared contents. The methodology used was the collaborative work applied to the resolution of a case. RESULTS: 668 students participated in the experience, regarding the overall academic performance, 51.5% students scored remarkable, 35.6% outstanding, 11.5% approved and 1.4% suspense. Regarding satisfaction results from the questionnaires administered to students, they expressed satisfaction with the high level of competence achieved, mainly emphasizing Integrate competences learning of different subjects. Followed by skills practice linking theory, develop reflective thinking and learn autonomously. CONCLUSIONS: Depending on the good academic results obtained and the high degree of satisfaction of students and teachers we will work in this direction in future years because this type of education favors an integrated curriculum and better learning outcomes

Analysis of the mechano-acoustic influence of the tympanic cavity in the auditory system.

BACKGROUND: The main objective of this paper is to study the mechanical influence of the tympanic cavity (TC) in the auditory system (AS). It is done for a frequency range from 0.1 to 20 kHz and the pressure source was applied in the external ear canal (EEC) entrance. METHODS: Numerical simulations were developed for seven different models by means of finite element model. On the basis of an EEC finite elements model, the additional elements are coupled and removed in order to evaluate the contribution of the TC. Tympanic membrane, ossicular chain, simplified cochlea and TC were modeled and simulated in four different combinations. RESULTS: Pressure, velocity, and displacement measures were obtained in AS key points in order to be compared with experimental results. Umbo and stapes transfer functions have been represented. CONCLUSIONS: The main conclusion is that we find evidence that the presence of the TC in the AS introduces a second resonance in middle ear transfer functions at frequencies above 3 kHz.

The distribution of recombination repair genes is linked to information content in bacteria.

The concept of a 'proteomic constraint' proposes that the information content of the proteome exerts a selective pressure to reduce mutation rates, implying that larger proteomes produce a greater selective pressure to evolve or maintain DNA repair, resulting in a decrease in mutational load. Here, the distribution of 21 recombination repair genes was characterized across 900 bacterial genomes. Consistent with prediction, the presence of 17 genes correlated with proteome size. Intracellular bacteria were marked by a pervasive absence of recombination repair genes, consistent with their small proteome sizes, but also consistent with alternative explanations that reduced effective population size or lack of recombination may decrease selection pressure. However, when only non-intracellular bacteria were examined, the relationship between proteome size and gene presence was maintained. In addition, the more widely distributed (i.e. conserved) a gene, the smaller the average size of the proteomes from which it was absent. Together, these observations are consistent with the operation of a proteomic constraint on DNA repair. Lastly, a correlation between gene absence and genome AT content was shown, indicating a link between absence of DNA repair and elevated genome AT content.

Measuring therapeutic adherence in systemic lupus erythematosus with electronic monitoring.

OBJECTIVE: We used an electronic monitoring system to quantify adherence to prescribed oral therapies by patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Participants were included from a larger longitudinal study cohort of 110 patients recruited from publicly-funded rheumatology clinics, 78 of whom agreed to have their SLE drug therapy electronically monitored for two years with the Medication Events Monitoring System (MEMS®, AARDEX Group). Adherence was determined as the percentage of days (weeks for methotrexate) the patient took the medication as prescribed by the physician. Collected data included SLEDAI; SLICC damage index for SLE (SDI); medical outcome study social support survey (MOS-SSS); Center for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale (CESD); and quality of life (SF-12). RESULTS: Ninety percent of the cohort was female, 45% were Hispanic, and 49% were African-American. Mean age was 36.3 years, disease duration was 5.9 years, SLEDAI score was 3.2, and SDI score was 0.9. Adherence was 62% for all drugs combined and did not differ significantly for individual medications. Patients with more depression (p < 0.02), and higher number of pills taken daily (p < 0.02) were more likely to be non-adherent. Only one-fourth of the patients had an average adherence of ≥80%; these patients had a better mental component score (SF-12) at 24 months than non-adherent patients (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Electronic monitoring demonstrated that only one-fourth of the patients had an adherence rate ≥80%. Polypharmacy and depression were associated with non-adherence.

Globulin 11S and its mixture with L-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine at the air/liquid interface.

Langmuir films of globulin 11S protein, l-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (L-DPPC), and mixtures of both on water and on buffer subphases were studied. Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) was used to characterize in situ the films morphology along Pi-A isotherms at the air/liquid interface. The L-DPPC monolayer on water behaved as has been reported extensively in the literature but a slight increase on surface pressure and a notable change in domain morphology is observed on buffer. This difference in domain behavior is due to the stabilization interaction of the LE phase by the buffer ions. On the other hand, the protein monolayer was prepared by direct deposit or injection below the surface. Both methods formed mostly a condensed film, with a multilayer formed by globular aggregates in the first method with the two subphases. However, the second method showed different behavior of the protein films depending on the subphase; on water the protein formed a homogeneous film with some globule aggregates, but on buffer a remarkably well-organized monolayer was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Mixtures of globulin 11S and L-DPPC were prepared using both methods for the protein film formation at the air/fluid interface. BAM showed that the mixtures formed coexistence regions between two condensed phases, whose domains of both phases behave like liquids. Fingering phenomena were observed at the interface between protein-rich and L-DPPC-rich domains, which indicates that both phases are fluid. AFM images of the mixtures show the formation of protein- or L-DPPC-rich domains. The liquidlike behavior could be explained due to different sizes of the protein and the L-DPPC, the minority compound in each kind of domain produces defects making them behave as liquids. Interestingly enough, as the monolayer is compressed to higher surface pressure, the lipid molecules are squeezed out and complete separation of the protein and L-DPPC is produced. Furthermore, we present evidence that the protein/L-DPPC mixtures produce films with holes, which might indicate its tendency to form hollow aggregates that could have some relevance in water-channel formation for in vivo seed germination.

Tularemia: a propósito de un caso en Miranda de Ebro, Burgos / Tularemia: a case report in Miranda de Ebro, Burgos

La tularemia es una de las infecciones emergentes de nuestros días. F. tularensis es un patógeno muy virulento, capaz de iniciar la infección tan sólo con la inoculación de 10 microorganismos. A pesar de que no es una infección frecuente en las consultas de Atención Primaria, es importante su sospecha para realizar un diagnóstico precoz y así adelantarnos a la aparición de nuevos brotes y adoptar oportunas medidas de control (AU)

Tularemia is one of the emerging infections of our times. F. tularensis is a highly virulent pathogen that is capable of initiating the infection with only the inoculation of 10 microorganisms. Although it is not a frequent infection seen in Primary Care consultations, it is important to diagnosis it early and thus anticipate the emergence of new outbreaks and adopt appropriate measures to control it (AU)

Tratamiento híbrido sobre la zona 0 del arco aórtico / Hybrid treatment on zone 0 of the aortic arch

Introducción. La disección aórtica y los aneurismas de aorta torácica se consideran procesos graves que afectana una población importante. La reparación quirúrgica tradicional supone el empleo de técnicas complejas con unaalta morbimortalidad, mayor aún cuando la enfermedad afecta retrógradamente al arco aórtico. Es posible realizar unprocedimiento endovascular sobre el arco aórtico mediante la asociación de técnicas de revascularización de los troncossupraaórticos con una tasa de éxito aceptable en pacientes que, por su edad o comorbilidad, no son candidatos a una reparaciónquirúrgica convencional. Caso clínico. Presentamos un caso de tratamiento híbrido, quirúrgico y endovascularen un varón con un aneurisma de aorta torácico secundario a disección crónica tipo B, con afectación retrógrada del arcoaórtico. Se consigue la exclusión completa del aneurisma, con permeabilidad de ramas viscerales y reducción significativadel diámetro mayor al año del tratamiento. No se objetivan complicaciones mayores durante el seguimiento y el pacienterealiza una vida activa en la actualidad. Conclusiones. El tratamiento híbrido puede ser una alternativa eficaz con menormorbilidad que la cirugía convencional en pacientes de alto riesgo con patología del cayado aórtico. Se precisan estudiosmás amplios para demostrar la viabilidad, tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad, complicaciones y duración de estas técnicas,ya que los existentes corresponden a series muy cortas de casos seleccionados

Introduction. Aortic dissection and thoracic aortic aneurysms are considered to be serious conditions thataffect a large number of patients. Traditional surgical repair entails the use of complex techniques with high morbidityand mortality rates, which become even higher when the disease affects the aortic arch retrogradely. An endovascularprocedure can be performed on the aortic arch by associating supra-aortic trunk revascularisation techniques, withan acceptable rate of success in patients who, owing to their age or comorbidity, are not suitable candidates forconventional surgical repair. Case report. We report a case of hybrid (surgical and endovascular) treatment in a malepatient with thoracic aortic aneurysm secondary to type B chronic dissection, with retrograde compromise of the aorticarch. Complete exclusion of the aneurysm was achieved, with patency of the visceral branches and a significantreduction in the major diameter at one year after treatment. No important complications were observed during thefollow-up and the patient currently leads an active life. Conclusions. Hybrid treatment can be an effective alternative,with a lower rate of morbidity, than conventional surgery in high risk patients suffering from a pathology affecting theaortic arch. Further studies are needed to show the feasibility, morbidity and mortality rates, complications andduration of these techniques, since those that have been conducted to date included only very short series of selected cases

Redes de apoyo informal en personas mayores que acogen a estudiantes universitarios / Informal social support in elderly people who hosting university students

El presente estudio pretende analizar en qué medida losancianos que forman parte del Programa de Alojamiento dela Universidad de Sevilla, ven incrementada su integración social a partir del uso de las redes de apoyo informal de que disponen. Algunos autores como (1) afirman el valor de las redes informales de apoyo y de la integración social del anciano en su comunidad como factor de bienestar y ajuste personal y social. La muestra está constituida por los ancianos que forman parte del Programa de Alojamiento de estudiantesde la Universidad de Sevilla. Con los resultadosobtenidos se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de frecuenciasabsolutas y de contingencias para aquellas variables queaportan datos significativos. Esta investigación expone un incremento de visitas y del grado de afectación si dejara de mantener el contacto con las personas que forman parte de la red de apoyo informal (familiares y estudiantes)

The present study intends to analyze in what measure theelders that form part of the Program of Lodging of the University of Seville, see increased its social integration from the use of the networks of informal support that arrange. Authors as (1) affirm the value of the informal networks of support and of the social integration of the elder in its community as factor of welfare and social and personal adjustment. The sample is constituted by the elders that form part of the students Lodging Program of the University of Seville. With the results obtained an analysis of absolutefrequencies and of contingencies for those variableshas been has carried out that contribute significant data. This investigation exposes an increment of visits and of the degree of affectation if to stopped maintaining the contact with the persons that form part of the network of informal support (family and students) (AU)

[Synchronous metastases of the spermatic cord from papillary renal cell carcinoma]. / Carcinoma renal papilar con metástasis sincr6nica en el cordón espermático.

Papillary renal cell carcinoma has been related with higher survival rate and lower metastatic cancer mortality rate than clear renal cell carcinoma. We present an aggressive case related to unusual features for this histological type, like a tumor size higher than ten cm, great perirrenal fat and suprarenal gland infiltration, tumoral thrombosis of the infrahepatic cava vein, retroperitoneal adenopatic tumoral infiltration, high nuclear grade and synchronous solitary distant organ metastases of the right spermatic cord, finding three previous cases in the literature with this last feature. Prognostic implication of the papillary renal cell carcinoma type is unclear in cases like this, so probably we need better molecular and cytogenetic studies to get a correct classification of this histological type.

Carcinoma renal papilar con metástasis sincrónica en el cordón espermático / Synchronous metastases of the spermatic cord from papillary renal cell carcinoma

El carcinoma de células renales papilar (CCRP) se ha relacionado con porcentajes de supervivencia superiores y tasas de mortalidad por cáncer metastático inferiores respecto al carcinoma de células renales convencional. Presentamos un caso de comportamiento agresivo de acuerdo a la suma de características infrecuentes para esta variante histológica, como el tamaño tumoral superior a 10 cm, la infiltración severa de la grasa perirrenal y de la glándula suprarrenal homolateral, la trombosis tumoral de la vena renal y de la vena cava infradiafragmática, la afectación adenopática retroperitoneal, un alto grado nuclear y la asociación en el momento del diagnóstico de una metástasis a distancia única sincrónica en el cordón espermático derecho, habiéndose comunicado esta última circunstancia en tres casos previos. La diferenciación pronóstica de la variante papilar resulta controvertida ante casos de este tipo, planteando la necesidad de obtener mejores perfiles diferenciales citogenéticos y moleculares para la clasificación de esta entidad histológica

Papillary renal cell carcinoma has been related with higher survival rate and lower metastatic cancer mortality rate than clear renal cell carcinoma. We present an aggressive case related to unusual features for this histological type, like a tumor size higher than ten cm, great perirrenal fat and suprarenal gland infiltration, tumoral thrombosis of the infrahepatic cava vein, retroperitoneal adenopatic tumoral infiltration, high nuclear grade and synchronous solitary distant organ metastases of the right spermatic cord, finding three previous cases in the literature with this last feature. Prognostic implication of the papillary renal cell carcinoma type is unclear in cases like this, so probably we need better molecular and cytogenetic studies to get a correct classification of this histological type

Niño con fiebre prolongada, hepatoesplenomegalia, pancitopenia y alteración multisistémica / Male child with prolonged fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia and multisystemic alteration

No disponible

[Evaluation of dietary habits of a population of university students in relation with their nutritional knowledge]. / Evaluacción de los hábitos alimentarios de una población de estudiantes universitarios en relación con sus conocimientos nutricionales.

UNLABELLED: Food behaviour is acquired in childhood and is very defficult to be changed latterly in adulthood. The aim of this study was to evaluate if food behaviour and other health habits were in accordance with the nutrition knowledge of a sample of University students from different Health Sciences Careers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 105 students (aged 21 +/- 2 years) from San Pablo-CEU University (Madrid); 21 where studying Nursing (N), 32 Pharmacy (Ph); 34 Nutrition and dietetics (ND) and 18 were students of Podology (P), all of them had been studying Nutrition as subject during 2003-2004 academic year. All the students filled a questionnaire about health habits and some body image perceptions, diet was evaluated by a 3 day diet record and nutrition knowledge by a 20 questions test. Height and weight were measured using standard procedures. RESULTS: ND students believed they had a medium-high level of nutrition knowledge while Pharmacy and nursing students believed they had a medium-low level and the podology ones had the perception to have a low level of knowledge in the subject. Results of test were in accordance with those perceptions as highest records were obtained by the Nutrition students. Nevertheless very few differences were found in the diet of the four populations. Mean energy intake was similar in the four groups, deficiencies (<80% RDA) were observed in fibre, magnesium, folic acid and vitamin E. About body image, 67% of total population had a BMI of 19-25, no differences were appreciated between groups. Male self-reported weight and height were closer to real than those from women, who underestimated weight (p < 0.05) and overestimated height. No differences were observed between healthy living habits (tobacco, alcohol and physical activity) in the four populations. CONCLUSION: Even if N students believed and showed to have a better nutrition knowledge, no changes in food behaviour or other health habits were found. Improving knowledge does not necessary imply change in food habits.

Evaluación de los hábitos alimentarios de una población de estudiantes universitarios en relación con sus conocimientos nutricionales / Evaluation of dietary habits of a population of university students in relation with their nutritional knowledge

El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido el evaluar si los hábitos alimentarios y de otros estilos de vida se comportan de acuerdo a los conocimientos que se tienen sobre nutrición y dietética. Sujetos y métodos: Se estudiaron 105 alumnos (21 ± 2 años) de la Universidad San Pablo CEU correspondientes a cuatro titulaciones sanitarias: enfermería (E, n =21),Farmacia (F, n=32), Nutrición Humana y Dietética (N,n=34) y Podología (P, n=18). Todos cursaron la asignatura de nutrición y dietética durante el curso 2003-2004.Los alumnos cumplimentaron un registro dietético y un cuestionario de conocimientos, hábitos alimentarios y estilos de vida. También se obtuvieron datos reales y estimados sobre el peso y la talla. Resultados: La ingesta media de energía y nutrientes fue similar en los cuatro grupos de estudio, observándose deficiencias en energía, fibra, magnesio, ácido fólico y vitamina E. La distribución de la población de acuerdo al IMC fue también similar en las cuatro titulaciones, estando la mayor parte de la población (67%) en el rango de normopeso. Cabe destacar que los hombres estimaban correctamente el peso y la talla, mientras que las mujeres sobreestimaban la talla y subestimaban el peso, de forma significativa en el caso de P. Los alumnos de N afirmaban tener unos conocimientos medios-altos de nutrición, mientras que F y E bajos-medios y P bajos, lo que se corroboró con un mayor número de aciertos de N ante preguntas sobre alimentos a considerar y quitar en una dieta de adelgazamiento y composición nutricional de la dieta. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre titulaciones en hábitos alimentarios y estilos de vida. Conclusión: A pesar de que los alumnos de N tenían mejores conocimientos de nutrición, los hábitos alimentarios y estilos de vida eran semejantes a los alumnos de otras titulaciones, lo que demuestra que el conocimiento de nutrición no implica necesariamente cambios hacia una dieta y estilos de vida más saludables (AU)

Food behaviour is acquired in childhood and is very difficult to be changed latterly in adulthood. The aim of this study was to evaluate if food behaviour and other health habits were in accordance with the nutrition knowledge of a sample of University students from different Health Sciences Careers. Subjects and methods: We studied 105 students (aged 21 ± 2 years) from San Pablo-CEU University (Madrid); 21 where studying Nursing (N), 32 Pharmacy (Ph); 34 Nutrition and dietetics (ND) and 18 were students of Podology (P), all of them had been studying Nutrition as subject during 2003-2004 academic year. All the students filled a questionnaire about health habits and some body image perceptions, diet was evaluated by a 3 day diet record and nutrition knowledge by a 20 questions test. Height and weight were measured using standard procedures. Results: ND students believed they had a medium-high level of nutrition knowledge while Pharmacy and nursing students believed they had a medium-low level and the podology ones had the perception to have a low level of knowledge in the subject. Results of test were in accordance with those perceptions as highest records were obtained by the Nutrition students. Nevertheless very few differences were found in the diet of the four populations. Mean energy intake was similar in the four groups, deficiencies(<80% RDA) were observed in fibre, magnesium, folic acid and vitamin E. About body image, 67% of total population had a BMI of 19-25, no differences were appreciated between groups. Male self-reported weight and height were closer to real than those from women, who underestimated weight (p <0.05) and overestimated height. No differences were observed between healthy living habits (tobacco, alcohol and physical activity) in the four populations. Conclusion: Even if N students believed and showed to have a better nutrition knowledge, no changes in food behaviour or other health habits were found. Improving knowledge does not necessary imply change in food habits (AU)

[Traumatic rupture of a horseshoe kidney]. / Rotura traumática de riñón en herradura.

One-third to one-half of all patients with horseshoe kidney are asymptomatic and the condition is found incidentally. This congenital renal anomaly has shown as a predisponent condition for renal injury in blunt abdominal trauma, but often the degree of injury has a nonoperative therapy. Horseshoe kidney rupture is an exceptional pathology that require a complete diagnostic study to make an adequate management when surgical therapy is indicated. We present a fifteen-year-old male with previously unsuspected horseshoe kidney that suffered an atypical right upper-pole and mesorrenal kidney rupture after low-velocity-impact blunt abdominal trauma. A correct presurgical diagnose let a deferred surgical approach with right lower pole and horseshoe renal isthmus preservation. The trauma conditions, an excesive clinic manifestation, a clinical investigation about known congenital simultaneous anomallies and typical radiological signs, can suggest this infrequent patology. Computed tomography provides the best radiological information.