[Costs of maternal-infant care in an institutionalized health care system]. / Costo de la atención materno infantil en un sistema de salud institucionalizado.

Partial and total maternal and child health care costs were estimated. The study was developed in a Primary Care Health Clinic (PCHC) and a General Hospital (GH) of a social security health care system. Maternal and child health care services, type of activity and frequency utilization during 1995, were defined; cost examination was done separately for the PCHC and the GH. Estimation of fixed cost included departmentalization, determination of inputs, costs, basic services disbursements, and weighing. These data were related to depreciation, labor period and productivity. Estimation of variable costs required the participation of field experts; costs corresponded to those registered in billing records. The fixed cost plus the variable cost determined the unit cost, which multiplied by the of frequency of utilization generated the prenatal care, labor and delivery care, and postnatal care cost. The sum of these three equaled the maternal and child health care cost. The prenatal care cost was $1,205.33, the labor and delivery care cost was $3,313.98, and the postnatal care was $559.91. The total cost of the maternal and child health care corresponded to $5,079.22. Cost information is valuable for the health care personnel for health care planning activities.

[Corrected transposition of great arteries. Surgical results]. / Transposición corregida de las grandes arterias. Resultado quirúrgico.

Thirteen patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries underwent cardiac surgery between May 1964 and May 1984. Eleven cases underwent corrective surgery and two palliative treatment. Four cases had closure of the ventricular septal defect two had pulmonary valvotomy, two closure of atrial septal defect and three tricuspid valve replacement. Two patients developed atrioventricular dissociation, requiring pacemaker insertion. Two patients died, one in the immediate postoperative period in pulmonary edema, and another due to bacterial endocarditis 3 years after surgery. Our observations suggest that surgical treatment of corrected transposition can be achieved with acceptable risks. The long-term follow up in the survivors was excellent.

[Mitral valve replacement in children with a Björk-Shiley prosthesis]. / Reemplazo valvular mitral en niños con protésis de Björk-Shiley.

This report documents our experience with mitral valve replacement in children. Between 1978 and 1982, 30 replacements have been performed in patients under 15 years of age. Twenty seven patients (90%) with rheumatic heart disease and 3 (10%) had congenital disease. Their functional capacity prior to operation was as follows: Nine patients fell into class II, 18 into class III and 2 into class IV. Preoperative cardiac catheterization, was undertaken in 26 patients, the mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure was 27.4 +/- 8 mmHg, the pulmonary artery mean pressure was 48 +/- 20 mmHg, the left ventricular end diastolic pressure was 11.7 +/- 5.6 mmHg. One child died in the operative period. Twenty six patients (90%) have been followed for a mean period of 22.7 months. Late mortality occurred in three patients (11%). Bacterial endocarditis, thromboembolism and valve maldisfunction were not present. The post operative NYHA functional class was as follows: twenty two children fell into class I, and one patient fell into class II. The actuarial survival rate 5 years after operation was 79%. We believe that the Björk-Shiley prosthesis offer excellent results in children when repair of the natural valve is not possible.

Deteminación ecocardiográfica bidimensional del area valvular en la estenosis mitral: correlación quirúrgica / Tuvo-dimensional echocardiographic determination of the valvular area in mitral stenosis: surgical correlation

Es importante calcular el área del orificio valvular mitral en los pacientes con estenosis mitral, ya que permite establecer la indicación operatoria y el tipo probable del procedimiento quirúrgico (comisurotomía, valvuloplastía, prótesis). Además, puede ser útil dicha medición en el post operatorio para valorar la amplitud de la comisurotomía y diferenciar la comisurotomía insuficiente de la reestenosis. Se estudian 12 pacientes con determinación de área mitral por ecocardiografía bidimensional con microprocesadora digital, la que se comparó con el área de apreciación del cirujano en relación al calibre de su dedo, obteniéndose r = 0.86, p < 0.05. La descrepción del estado del aparato subvalvular del cirujano, corroboró la información ecocardiográfica en todos menos en un paciente. Respecto al engrosamiento de las valvas, en 10 pacientes fué concordante el informe ecocardiográfico con los hallazgos del cirujano. El área mitral mostró relación inversa con la presión capilar pulmonar determinada por cateterismo en 5 pacientes (r = -0.844). El área post comisurotomía se analizó solo en 9 pacientes dado que en un caso se tuvo que hacer sustitución y en 2 no se obtuvo la medición ecocardiográfica (x0.6 cm2 + ou - 0.16 pre operatoria y x2.7 cm2 + ou - 0.22 post operatoria) con significación de p > 0.001

[2-dimensional echocardiographic measurement of the valvular area in mitral stenosis. Surgical correlations]. / Determinación ecocardiográfica bidimensional del área valvular en la estenosis mitral. Correlación quirúrgica.

The calculation of mitral valve orifice area in patients with mitral stenosis is important because it establish the surgical indication and the type of surgical procedure to be done (commisurotomy, valvuloplasty or valve replacement). Moreover, the postoperative measurement of the mitral orifice area may be useful to evaluate the surgical results and to differentiate between inadequate commisurotomy and restenosis. We studied 12 patients with measurement of mitral orifice area by two-dimensional echocardiography imaging and digital microproccesing. The measurements were compared with the surgeon's estimate. The correlation obtained was of r = 0.86 (p less than or equal to 0.05). The description of the surgeon corroborated the echocardiographic findings respecting mitral subvalvular apparatus in all except one patient. Concerning the thickening of the values, echocardiographic and surgical findings were concordant in 10 patients. The mitral orifice area showed inverse relationship with pulmonary artery wedge pressure measured by catheterization in 5 patients (r = -0.844). After commisurotomy, the mitral orifice area was analyzed in 9 patients, since one patient requerired valve replacement and in two we did not obtain echocardiographic studies. The postoperative increase of the mitral orifice area was significant; (before surgery X 0.6 cm2 +/- 0.16) and after surgery (X 2.7 cm2 +/- 0.22) p less than or equal to 0.001).

Hernia diafragmatica subcostosternal.Presentacion de un caso. / Subcostosternal diaphragmatic hernia. Report of a case

Se presenta el caso de una nina de diez anos, con una hernia subcostosternal (hernia de Margagni), cuyos sintomas la hicieron consultar a una institucion hospitalaria especializada en cardiologia y cuyo tratamiento quirurgico fue exitoso.Se discuten aspectos diagnosticos, clinicos y quirurgicos de la entidad

Transposicion corregida de las grandes arterias. Resultado quirurgico. / Repaired transposition of the great arteries. Surgical results

Trece pacientes portadores de transposicion corregida de las grandes arterias (TCGA) fueron tratados quirurgicamente en un periodo comprendido entre mayo de 1964 y mayo de 1984. En dos de ellos, se practico cirugia paliativa y en los demas cirugia correctiva. En cuatro casos fue cerrada la comunicacion interventricular, dos sufrieron valvulotomia pulmonar, dos cierre directo del defecto septal interatrial y tres reemplazo de la valvula tricuspide.Dos pacientes desarrollaron bloqueo atrioventricular completo en el postoperatorio.Un enfermo murio en el postoperatorio inmediato a consecuencia de un edema agudo pulmonar. Otro fallecio por endocarditis infecciosa 3 anos despues de la cirugia.Nuestros resultados sugieren que el tratamiento quirurgico de la transposicion corregida de las grandes arterias se hace con riesgo aceptable. El resultado a largo plazo es excelente

Reemplazo valvular mitral en ninos con protesis de Bjork-Shiley. / Mitral valve replacement in children with Bjork-Shiley prosthesis

Se analiza la experiencia con protesis de Bjork-Shiley en ninos. Entre enero de 1978 y junio de 1982 se efectuaron 30 reemplazos valvulares en ninos con edad promedio de 13 anos. En 27 pacientes (90%), la lesion era reumatica y en 3 casos (10%) lo era congenita. La clase funcional pre-operatoria fue: clase II en 9 pacientes, clase III en 18 pacientes y clase IV en 2 casos. De este lote se efectuo cateterismo cardiaco preoperativo en 26 pacientes, siendo la PCP de 27.4 +/- 8 mmHg, la presion media de la arteria pulmonar de 48 +/- 20 mmHg y la presion diastolica final del ventriculo izquierdo de 11.7 +/- 5.6 mmHg. La mortalidad operatoria fue de un caso (3.3%). De los 29 sobrevivientes se efectuo seguimiento en 26 casos (90%) con promedio de 22.7 meses. Hubo 3 muertes tardias (11%). No se observaron trombosis de la protesis, embolismo periferico ni endocarditis. De los 23 pacientes sobrevivientes, 22 pasaron a clase funcional I y un caso a clase II. La sobrevida actuarial a 5 anos es de 79%. Concluimos que el reemplazo con protesis de Bjork-Shiley en ninos es una muy buena alternativa cuando no es posible efectuar plastia y reconstruccion de la valvula mitral

Resultado quirúrgico en algunas formas de discordancia atrioventricular / Surgical result in various forms of atrioventricular discordance

Trece pacientes portadores de distintas formas de discordancia atrioventricular (DAV) fueron tratadas quirurgicamente en un periodo comprendido entre mayo de 1964 y junio de 1982. Once eran portadores de transposicion corregida (discordancia ventriculoarterial) y uno tenia doble camara de salida del ventriculo derecho y otro concordancia ventriculoarterial. En seis casos fue cerrada la comunicacion interventricular, dos sufrieron valvulotomia pulmonar, dos cierre directo del defecto septal interatrial, dos reemplazo de la valvula tricuspide y uno, con doble salida del ventriculo derecho,insercion de un tubo valvado entre el ventriculo izquierdo y el tronco de la arteria pulmonar. Un enfermo con discordancia y otro con concordancia ventriculoarterial fueron tratados con fistula sistemico-pulmonar.Un solo paciente desarrollo bloqueo atrioventricular completo en el postoperatorio. Un enfermo murio en el postoperatorio inmediato a consecuencia de un edema agudo pulmonar.Nuestros resultados sugieren que el tratamiento quirurgico de las DAV se hace con riesgo aceptable

[Congenital abnormalities of the tricuspid valve and Ebstein's anomaly with pulmonary valvular stenosis]. / Malformaciones congénitas de la tricúspide y anomalía de Ebstein con estenosis pulmonar valvular.

We are reporting a case of Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve and another case of a congenital double tricuspid lesion, both associated with pulmonary valve stenosis and with similar hemodynamics and physiopathology. Given that there are few reported cases in the literature, we analyzed the clinical and electrocardiographic findings of both. The utility of the echocardiogram is discussed in the diagnosis of such abnormalities and the angiographic and hemodynamic data commented upon. It is emphasized that right ventricular hypertension (105 mm Hg, and 98 mmHg, respectively) modifies the cardiopathic hemodynamics and its natural history, that was favorably modified by isolated corrective surgery of the pulmonary obstruction. The postoperatory transvalvular gradients were measured at 27 and 11 mm Hg, respectively. After having revised the pertinent bibliographic literature, we commented upon the factors that give such a high mortality rate in Ebstein's surgery and the congenital abnormalities which are most frequently associated.

Malformaciones congenitas de la tricuspide y anomalia de Ebstein con estenosis pulmonar valvular. / Congenital malformation of tricuspid valve and Ebstein anomaly with pulmonary valvular stenosis

Informamos de um caso con anomalia de Ebstein tricuspidea y de otro con doble lesion tricuspidea congenita, ambos asociados a estenosis valvular pulmonar y con hemodinamica y fisiopatologia similares. Dado que existen pocos casos informados en la literatura, analizamos los hallazgos clinicos y electrocardiograficos de ambos; se discute la utilidad del ecocardiograma en el diagnostico de tales anormalidades y comentamos sus datos hemodinamicos y angiograficos. Se enfatiza que la hipertension ventricular derecha: de 105 mm Hg en uno y de 98 mm Hg en el otro, modifica la hemodinamica de la cardiopatia y su historia natural y que esta se ve favorablemente modificada por la cirugia correctiva aislada de la obstruccion pulmonar. El gradiente transvalvular en el postoperatorio se midio en 27 y 11 mm Hg respectivamente. Despues de hecha la revision bibliografica pertinente se comentan los factores de los que depende la elevada mortalidad de la cirugia del Ebstein y las anomalias congenitas con las que mas frecuentemente se asocia

[Pulmonary atresia with intact interventricular partition wall. Surgical treatment of a case with duramater ceiling]. / Atresia pulmonar con tabique interventricular intacto. Tratamiento quirúrgico de un caso con techo de duramadre.

It is presented a pulmonary artresia case with untouched interventricular partition wall surgically treated. It was established the continuity between right ventricle and pulmonary artery's trunk with duramater ceiling, for which it was made a pulmonary valve. Postoperation evolution was excelent and it was obteined a frank diminution of the right ventricle's systolic pression. It is discussed about therapeutic conducts in this kind of congenital badformation.

[Mitral insufficiency after a penetrating thoracic wound. Report of a case]. / Insuficiencia mitral secundaria a herida penetrante de tórax. Informe de un caso.

It is communicated an isolated mytral insufficiency case, secondary to thorax's penetrative wound by steel arm. There are commented the clinic discoveries, phonomechanocardiographic, echocardiographic, haemodynamic and operation results of a unique orifice in the mytral's septal valve with important overflow. When perforation was sutured it was necessary reoperate it in order to suture's dehiscence and valve's substitution by a Bjork-Shilley's prothesis. The patient persists asymptomatic 35 months after intervention.

[Clinical experience with the use of dura mater prosthesis (the 1st 60 patients)]. / Experiencia clínica con la utilización de la prótesis de duramadre. (Los primeros sesenta pacientes).

It is presented the experience in the first 60 patients with duramater's prothesis. It is exposed the methodology which was utilized for these patients, in the same manner, the valve's confection technic. There are signaled the advantages, over mechanic valves, that these prothesis have, specially the no utilization of anticoagulatings, a minor incidence of tromboembolic phenomena, insignificant transvalvular gradient, major resistance to infection, central flux, minor turbulence and lower cost. It is informed about the obtained results with electrocardiographic, radiologic, phonomechanocardiographic, echocardiographic and haemodynamic postoperation studies, evolution after two years has been very good, 90% of the patients shows substantial improvement and only 30% need to take anticoagulants. There were 5 hospital deaths and 1 late death by hepatitis.