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1.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 74(3/4): 101-106, mar.-abr. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-151384

ABSTRACT

El papel del ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) ha sido ignorado durante muchos años. En los últimos 20 años se le ha prestado progresivamente mayor atención, hasta el punto de poderse considerar como esencial en el lactante y en determinadas patologías, al resultar poco eficiente su conversión a partir de sus precursores omega-3 (ácidos alfa-linolénico y eicosapentaenoico). Este artículo analiza la evolución en el tiempo de las ingestas de DHA recomendadas por los organismos internacionales en diversas edades, las cantidades de DHA en alimentos para lactantes fijadas por la legislación de la Unión Europea (UE), y las autorizaciones en la UE de declaraciones nutricionales y también sobre propiedades saludables en el cerebro y la visión (AU)


The role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been ignored during many years. In the last 20 years more attention to it has progressively been given, to the extent that it could be considered as essential in the infant and in certain pathologies, because its conversion from its omega-3 precursors (alpha-linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids) is poorly efficient. The present article analyses the evolution along the years of DHA intakes recommended by international institutions for different ages, DHA amounts in infant foods established by the EU law, and authorizations in the EU on nutritional claims and also health claims related to brain and vision (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Docosahexaenoic Acids/therapeutic use , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/therapeutic use , Fatty Acids, Omega-6/therapeutic use , Prepared Foods , Parenteral Nutrition Solutions/therapeutic use , Recommended Dietary Allowances/legislation & jurisprudence , Legislation, Food , Europe
2.
Nutr. hosp ; 24(4): 384-414, jul.-ago. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-73503

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: En España, existen varios organismos y sociedades científicas que han editado sus propios de valores de referencia sobre la ingesta recomendada de nutrientes, que no siempre coinciden en los contenidos y formas presentadas. Objetivo: Revisar los conceptos, datos y la metodología que han seguido otros países o grupos de países para obtener y documentar sus propios Valores de Referencia, con objeto de ofrecer una información básica que facilite el establecimiento de los valores de referencia que mejor puedan adaptarse a la población española, en base a la mejor evidencia científica disponible en la actualidad. Ámbito: Revisión de la información disponible en los distintos países (o grupos de países) de la Unión Europea, Estados Unidos y la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Los datos estudiados corresponden a poblaciones sanas. Conclusiones: Las ingestas de referencia difieren notablemente entre los distintos países estudiados en cuanto a grupos de población, tipo de nutrientes incluidos, metodología y periodicidad de las revisiones publicadas. Sin embargo, la mayoría definen de manera semejante los conceptos más importantes, aunque tengan distintas denominaciones en cada país. Por otro lado, en la mayoría de los casos estudiados existe un único organismo científico encargado de la publicación y actualización de los valores de ingestas dietéticas de referencia, no siendo así en España. En este contexto, parece conveniente alcanzar un acuerdo entre todos los organismos y sociedades científicas españolas implicadas en esta tarea, con objeto de establecer unos valores de referencia únicos para todo el país, con el consenso de todos (AU)


Background: In Spain, there are some organizations and scientific societies that have edited reference values of recommended nutrient intake, but whose data does not always agree in terms of format and content. Aims: To review the definitions, data and methodology that other countries or groups of countries have followed to obtain and document their own reference values in order to offer basic information to facilitate the establishment of the best reference values for the Spanish population. Field: Review of the available information in different countries (or groups of countries) from the European Union, the United States and World Health Organization. The analysed data concerned to healthy populations. Conclusions: Reference intakes differ among the examined countries according to population groups, included nutrients, methodology and frequency of published reviews. However, most of the countries define major concepts in the same way, although with different names in each country. On the other hand, most of the studied cases represent only a scientific organization in charge of the publication and update of the values of dietary reference intakes, but not in Spain. In that context, it looks convenient to reach a consensus among all Spanish organizations and scientific societies that are involved in this task, in order to establish an acceptable reference values (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Diet , Eating , World Health Organization , Europe , Reference Values , United States
3.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 65(8): 391-403, sept. 2007. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-056251

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Esta revisión de la Directiva comunitaria de preparados para lactantes y de preparados de continuación analiza las modificaciones acaecidas tras la propuesta del Comité Científico para la Alimentación Humana de la Unión Europea (UE), la postura de la industria y la posición del Grupo Internacional de Expertos, liderado por la ESPGHAN, así como su plasmación normativa europea e internacional. Metodología: Comparación de la Directiva 91/321/CEE (modificada por la Directiva 96/4/CE), el Informe de dicho Comité Científico del 2003 y las recomendaciones del Grupo Internacional de Expertos del 2005 con la Directiva 2006/141/CE y la Norma Codex 2007. Conclusiones: La aprobación de estas dos nuevas normas ha permitido regular los avances científicos y tecnológicos sucedidos en los últimos 10 y 25 años, respectivamente, en temas de composición, etiquetado, presentación y publicidad de estos preparados. Sin embargo, quedan puntos controvertidos que serán probablemente objeto de futuras revisiones


Objective: This revision of the Community Directive on infant formulae and follow-on formulae analyzes the amendments befallen after the proposal of the Scientific Committee on Food of the EU, the industry position and the recommendations of an ESPGHAN leaded International Expert Group, ending as a result in the final adopted European and International norms. Methodology: Comparison between the Directive 91/321/ EEC, modified by the Directive 96/4/EC, the report of the Scientific Committee on Food of 2003 and the recommendations of the International Expert Group of 2005 with Directive 2006/141/ EC and Codex Standard 2007. Conclusions: The adoption of both new norms has allowed the regulation of the befallen scientific and technical developments over the respectively last 10 and 25 years in composition, labelling, presentation and advertising of these formulae. However some controversies remain and they will probably be matter of future reviews


Subject(s)
Infant , Humans , Infant Formula/standards , Infant Formula/legislation & jurisprudence , Energy Intake , Nutritive Value , Spain
4.
Nutr Hosp ; 21(4): 437-47, 2006.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16913203

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This revision on nutrient intakes pretends to analyse, compare and evaluate the various concepts and data used by different national and international bodies and authorities, reflecting their turn into to legal norms and their evolution in recent years. At the same time it facilitates bibliographic references and Internet websites to those sources and at the end it offers a glossary of terms and their acronyms. SCOPE: Four geographical territories have been considered, being split in 2 parts. First part: European Union. Second part: Spain, United States of America/Canada and FAO/WHO. Due to the extensive text of this revision there has been necessary to divide it in 2 parts which are being published in consecutive numbers of the journal Nutrición Hospitalaria. CONCLUSIONS OF THE 2ND (AND 1ST) PART: Important advances in food consumption surveys and as well as in the tables of food composition, have been published in Spain. At the international level the concepts used have been refined and broadened with an ever increasing breakdown by population groups, especially for those 51 and over, and pregnant and/or nursing women. However, there exist many disparities among the diverse authorities and organizations.


Subject(s)
Nutrition Policy , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Nutritional Requirements , Nutritional Status , Adult , Canada , Diet , European Union , Female , Humans , Internet , Male , Middle Aged , Models, Theoretical , Pregnancy , Spain , United Nations , United States , World Health Organization
5.
Nutr. hosp ; 21(4): 437-447, jul.-ago. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-048856

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Esta revisión sobre la ingesta de nutrientes pretende analizar, comparar y evaluar los distintos conceptos y datos utilizados por diferentes organismos y autoridades nacionales e internacionales y reflejar su plasmación legislativa y su evolución en el tiempo. Al mismo tiempo facilita el acceso bibliográfico y por Internet a dichas fuentes y al final ofrece un glosario de términos y sus acrónimos. Ámbito: Se han considerado 4 espacios geográficos, estructurados en 2 partes. Primera parte: Unión Europea. Segunda parte: España, Estados Unidos de América/Canadá y FAO/OMS. Debido a la extensión del texto de esta revisión ha sido necesario dividirla en 2 partes, publicadas en números consecutivos de la revista Nutrición Hospitalaria. Los datos analizados se refieren exclusivamente a las personas sanas. Conclusiones 2ª y 1ª partes: En España se han registrado avances relevantes en materia de encuestas alimentarias y tablas de composición de alimentos. A nivel internacional,se ha producido un refinamiento y ampliación de los conceptos utilizados y un desglose progresivo de los datos por grupos de población, especialmente en más de 50 años, embarazo y lactancia, aunque se evidencian importantes disparidades entre los diversos organismos y autoridades (AU)


Objective: This revision on nutrient intakes pretends to analyse, compare and evaluate the various concepts and data used by different national and international bodies and authorities, reflecting their turn into to legal norms and their evolution in recent years. At the same time it facilitates bibliographic references and Internet websites to those sources and at the end it offers a glossary of terms and their acronyms. Scope: Four geographical territories have been considered, being split in 2 parts. First part: European Union.Second part: Spain, United States of America/Canada and FAO/WHO. Due to the extensive text of this revision there has been necessary to divide it in 2 parts which are being published in consecutive numbers of the journal Nutrición Hospitalaria. Conclusions of the 2nd (and 1st) part: Important advances in food consumption surveys and as well as in the tables of food composition, have been published in Spain.At the international level the concepts used have been refined and broadened with an ever increasing breakdown by population groups, especially for those 51 and over, and pregnant and/or nursing women. However, there exist many disparities among the diverse authorities and organizations (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Nutrition Policy , Nutritional Requirements , Nutritional Status , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Diet , European Union , Canada , Models, Theoretical , Spain , United Nations , World Health Organization
6.
Nutr Hosp ; 21(3): 291-9, 2006.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16771109

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This revision on nutrient intakes pretends to analyse, compare and evaluate the various concepts and data used by different national and international bodies and authorities, reflecting their turn into legal norms and their evolution in recent years. At the same time it facilitates bibliographic references and Internet websites to those sources and it offers a glossary of used terms and their acronyms. SCOPE: Four geographical territories have been considered, being split in 2 parts. First part: European Union. Second part: Spain, United States of America/Canada and FAO/WHO. Due to the extensive text of this revision there has been necessary to divide it in 2 parts which are being published in consecutive numbers of the journal Nutrici6n Hospitalaria. CONCLUSIONS OF THE 1ST PART: At the European level there should be pointed out the long time interval existing between the publication of recommendations and their legislative implementation. One can observe the resistance of some Member States of the European Community to harmonize the recommendations and the legislation within the Community frame.


Subject(s)
Diet , Food , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Energy Intake , Humans , Infant , Internationality , Nutritional Requirements , Practice Guidelines as Topic
7.
Nutr. hosp ; 21(3): 291-299, mayo-jun. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-048378

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Esta revisión sobre la ingesta de nutrientes pretende analizar, comparar y evaluar los distintos conceptos y datos utilizados por diferentes organismos y autoridades nacionales e internacionales y reflejar su plasmación legislativa y su evolución en el tiempo. Al mismo tiempo facilita el acceso bibliográfico y por Internet a dichas fuentes y ofrece un glosario de términos utilizados y sus acrónimos. Ámbito: Se han considerado 4 espacios geográficos, estructurados en 2 partes. Primera parte: Unión Europea. Segunda parte: España, Estados Unidos de América/Canadá y FAO/OMS. Debido a la extensión del texto de esta revisión ha sido necesario dividirla en 2 partes, publicadas en números consecutivos de la revista Nutrición Hospitalaria. Los datos analizados se refieren exclusivamente a las personas sanas. Conclusiones de la 1ª parte: En el ámbito europeo es de destacar el prolongado desfase temporal que se da entre la publicación de las recomendaciones y su plasmación legislativa. Se constata la resistencia de algunos Estados Miembros de la Unión Europea a armonizar las recomendaciones y la legislación en el marco de la Unión (AU)


Objective: This revision on nutrient intakes pretends to analyse, compare and evaluate the various concepts and data used by different national and international bodies and authorities, reflecting their turn into legal norms and their evolution in recent years. At the same time it facilitates bibliographic references and Internet websites to those sources and it offers a glossary of used terms and their acronyms. Scope: Four geographical territories have been considered, being split in 2 parts. First part: European Union. Second part: Spain, United States of America/Canada and FAO/WHO. Due to the extensive text of this revision there has been necessary to divide it in 2 parts which are being published in consecutive numbers of the journal Nutrición Hospitalaria. Conclusions of the 1st part: At the European level there should be pointed out the long time interval existing betweenthe publication of recommendations and their legislative implementation. One can observe the resistance of some Member States of the European Community to harmonize the recommendations and the legislation within the Community frame (AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Adult , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Humans , Diet , Food , Energy Intake , Internationality , Nutritional Requirements , Practice Guidelines as Topic
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