ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk of mortality in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. METHODS: Eligible patients included all adults referred to the National Institute of Neurology (NIN) in Havana, Cuba. All patients were followed up for 9 years. All analyses were made with the data available at the last follow-up. The frequency of death related to refractory TLE was analyzed taking into account the total number of patients included in the study. We analyzed the causes of death for each case. Multivariate analysis was made to determine the specific variables related to the death. All values were statistically significant if p<0.05. RESULTS: Six out of 117 patients died during follow-up. Fifty percent of patients died because of suicide. Only the presence of aura, specifically experiential psychic auras, and prodromal depressive disorders were associated significantly with the deaths (p<0.05). Patients who died had a higher concern about their seizures than patients who were still alive at last follow-up (p<0.01); they also had a poor perception of the overall QOL (p<0.01); and they were more concerned about the possible medication side effects than patients who did not die (p<0.05). Logistic regression provided only one variable related to the deaths in our cohort in multivariate analysis: presence of prodromal depressive disorder. CONCLUSION: The causes of death in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy were similar to those documented in the general population of patients with epilepsy.
Subject(s)
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/diagnosis , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/mortality , Suicide/trends , Tertiary Care Centers/trends , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Cuba/epidemiology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mortality/trends , Risk Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: We aim to study the frequency of (suicidal ideation) in patients with focal refractory epilepsy and its possible association with factors such as perceived QOL (quality of life) and ASDD (affective somatoform dysphoric disorder) using the 2007 ILAE proposal to classify affective disorders of epilepsy. METHODS: A total sample of 82 patients was divided into two groups depending on the presence of suicidal risk: (A) study group - with suicidal risk and (B) control group - without suicidal risk. Questionnaires, scales, interviews, and clinical charts were evaluated by professionals with expertise in neurology and epileptology (RAM and AGA), psychiatry (AGE), and neuropsychology (FGR). Suicidal risk was evaluated with the M.I.N.I. (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview) suicidal module that specifies the current suicidal risk based on scores. Quality of life was evaluated with the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory - 31 (QOLIE-31) survey. Logistic regression was conducted to ascertain if ASDD and QOL significantly predicted suicidal risk. The results were considered statistically significant when the p-value was <0.05. RESULTS: Suicidal risk was present in 33 (40.3%) patients. It was classified as severe in 31.7% of the patients, and it was only present in cases with temporal lobe epilepsy (p=0.002). More than half (52%) of patients with ASDD had risk of suicide (p=0.006). The presence of ASDD was found to be a risk factor for suicidal risk (OR=3.86; IC=1.3-12.2). Patients with suicidal risk had a lower QOL score compared with patients without suicidal risk (57.8±16.9 vs. 46.0±18.2; p<0.05), and an affected QOL significantly increased suicidal risk (OR=2.9; CI=1.3-7.8). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that an impaired QOL (OR=2.2) and the presence of ASDD (OR=4.1) significantly increased the probability of having suicidal risk (x(2)=13.6; OR=5.2; p=0.009). SIGNIFICANCE: Affective somatoform dysphoric disorder and low QOL perception increase, independently, the risk of suicide.
Subject(s)
Epilepsies, Partial/psychology , Mood Disorders/psychology , Perception , Quality of Life/psychology , Suicidal Ideation , Adult , Electroencephalography , Epilepsies, Partial/diagnosis , Epilepsies, Partial/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mood Disorders/diagnosis , Mood Disorders/physiopathology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Suicide/psychology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Valproic Acid/adverse effects , Epilepsy/complications , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Mood Disorders/complications , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The goal of the study described here was to determine if executive dysfunction and impulsivity are related to risk for suicide and suicide attempts in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. METHOD: Forty-two patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were recruited. A detailed medical history, neurological examination, serial EEGs, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, executive function, and MRI were assessed. Multiple regression analysis was carried out to examine predictive associations between clinical variables and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test measures. RESULTS: Patients' scores on the Risk for Suicide Scale (n=24) were greater than 7, which means they had the highest relative risk for suicide attempts. Family history of psychiatric disease, current major depressive episode, left temporal lobe epilepsy, and perseverative responses and total errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test increased by 6.3 and 7.5 suicide risk and suicide attempts, respectively. Executive dysfunction (specifically perseverative responses and more total errors) contributed greatly to suicide risk. CONCLUSION: Executive performance has a major impact on suicide risk and suicide attempts in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
Subject(s)
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/complications , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/psychology , Executive Function/physiology , Impulsive Behavior/etiology , Neuropsychological Tests , Suicide, Attempted/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Atrophy , Depression/etiology , Electroencephalography/methods , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology , Female , Hippocampus/pathology , Humans , Logistic Models , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Neurologic Examination/methods , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Retrospective Studies , Risk , Severity of Illness Index , Young AdultABSTRACT
Las vasculitis se caracterizan por el infiltrado inflamatorio, predominantemente de células mononucleares, de la pared de los vasos sanguíneos, que pueden llevar a la oclusión con necresis y el consiguiente infarto del tejido afectado(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Vasculitis , Peripheral Nervous System DiseasesABSTRACT
La polineuropatía desmielinizante crónica inflamatoria (PDCI) es una neuropatía adquirida caracterizada por la desmielinización de las raíces y nervios periféricos. Tiene un curso crónico progresivo o de exacerbación-remisión. La biopsia de nervio sural no es imprescindible para su diagnóstico, por lo que no es necesario realizarla habitualmente, pero quizás permita orientar el tratamiento a seguir más racionalmente. Demostrar si la biopsia de nervio sural puede ser útil para orientar el tratamiento a seguir en los casos de PDCI. Se estudiaron un total de 16 pacientes ingresados con el diagnóstico de PDCI a los que se les realizó estudios neurofisiológicos, biopsia de nervio sural y otros estudios que permitieron descartar otras posibilidades diagnósticas. Los pacientes fueron asignados a los esquemas terapéuticos recomendados. Comparamos la respuesta a los tratamientos de intacglobin/plasmaféresis, esteroides y citostáticos durante un seguimiento de 8 años. Fue altamente significativo (p menor 0,001) que los pacientes con lesión axonal en la biopsia de nervio sural no respondían a las terapias de intacglobin/plasmaféresis o esteroides y sí a la de ciclofosfamida, sin que se obtuvieran efectos adversos graves. Las formas histopatológicas axonales de la PDCI al inicio de la enfermedad pueden requerir terapia con citostáticos pues suelen no mejorar con las terapias estándar, por lo que la biopsia de nervio sural puede ser de inestimable valor para estos fines(AU)
