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4.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 220(5): 282-289, jun.-jul. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-194966

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Conocer el manejo de la dislipemia en atención primaria tras la publicación de la Guía de la American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) del año 2013 y el algoritmo de la Administración. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal descriptivo con encuesta a médicos de atención primaria de la Comunidad Valenciana entre enero y octubre de 2016. RESULTADOS: Participaron 199 facultativos con una media (desviación típica) de 48,9 (11) años de edad y 21,3 (11,1) años de experiencia. Las guías más seguidas eran las de la European Society of Cardiology (37,5%) y las de la Administración (23,4%). El 6,3% seguía la de la ACC/AHA 2013. El 88% establecía objetivos según colesterol LDL y riesgo cardiovascular. La elección del hipolipemiante estaba basada en su capacidad reductora de colesterol LDL (28,6%), algoritmo de la Administración (23,4%) y seguridad (20,4%). Estatinas, ezetimiba y fibratos eran los hipolipemiantes preferidos, y la combinación (51%) e incremento de dosis (35%) las estrategias en ausencia de control. Se determinaba perfil lipídico, transaminasas y creatincinasa cada 6 (59,5; 52,3 y 54,3%, respectivamente) o 12 meses (25,1; 29,2 y 30,3%, respectivamente). Un 41% era conocedor de la polémica con la Guía ACC/AHA 2013, y aunque un 60% reconocía su relevancia, solo un 21% modificó su quehacer diario por ella. CONCLUSIONES: El algoritmo de la Administración tuvo mayor impacto que la Guía ACC/AHA 2013 en atención primaria. Campos de mejora fueron el bajo uso de guías y tablas de riesgo validadas, y racionalización de la periodicidad de las analíticas


OBJECTIVE: To determine the management of dyslipidaemia in primary care after the publication of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) 2013 guidelines and Valencian government's algorithm. METHOD: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study that employed a survey of primary care physicians of the Community of Valencia between January and October 2016. RESULTS: A total of 199 physicians (mean age, 48.9±11.0 years; experience, 21.3±11.1 years) participated in the survey. The most followed guidelines were those of the European Society of Cardiology (37.5% of respondents) and Valencian government (23.4% of respondents). Some 6.3% of the respondents followed the 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines, and 88.0% established objectives based on LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular risk. The choice of lipid-lowering drug was based on its LDL cholesterol lowering capacity (28.6% of respondents), on the Valencian government's algorithm (23.4%) and on the drug's safety (20.4%). Statins, ezetimibe and fibrates were the preferred hypolipemiant agents, and their combination (51% of respondents) and dosage increases (35%) were the strategies employed for poor control. Lipid profile and transaminase and creatine kinase levels were measured every 6 (59.5%, 52.3% and 54.3% of respondents, respectively) or 12 months (25.1%, 29.2% and 30.3%, respectively). Forty-one percent of the respondents were aware of the controversy surrounding the 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines. Although 60% of the respondents acknowledged its relevance, only 21% changed their daily practices accordingly. CONCLUSIONS: The Valencian government's algorithm had a greater impact than the 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines in primary care in Valencia. Areas for improvement included the low use of validated guidelines and risk tables and the streamlining of laboratory test periodicity


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Dyslipidemias/drug therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards , Clinical Protocols , Algorithms , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Primary Health Care , Physicians , Surveys and Questionnaires , American Heart Association , Societies, Medical , Practice Patterns, Physicians'
5.
Rev Clin Esp (Barc) ; 220(5): 282-289, 2020.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31744620

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the management of dyslipidaemia in primary care after the publication of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) 2013 guidelines and Valencian government's algorithm. METHOD: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study that employed a survey of primary care physicians of the Community of Valencia between January and October 2016. RESULTS: A total of 199 physicians (mean age, 48.9±11.0 years; experience, 21.3±11.1 years) participated in the survey. The most followed guidelines were those of the European Society of Cardiology (37.5% of respondents) and Valencian government (23.4% of respondents). Some 6.3% of the respondents followed the 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines, and 88.0% established objectives based on LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular risk. The choice of lipid-lowering drug was based on its LDL cholesterol lowering capacity (28.6% of respondents), on the Valencian government's algorithm (23.4%) and on the drug's safety (20.4%). Statins, ezetimibe and fibrates were the preferred hypolipemiant agents, and their combination (51% of respondents) and dosage increases (35%) were the strategies employed for poor control. Lipid profile and transaminase and creatine kinase levels were measured every 6 (59.5%, 52.3% and 54.3% of respondents, respectively) or 12 months (25.1%, 29.2% and 30.3%, respectively). Forty-one percent of the respondents were aware of the controversy surrounding the 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines. Although 60% of the respondents acknowledged its relevance, only 21% changed their daily practices accordingly. CONCLUSIONS: The Valencian government's algorithm had a greater impact than the 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines in primary care in Valencia. Areas for improvement included the low use of validated guidelines and risk tables and the streamlining of laboratory test periodicity.

6.
Semergen ; 39(7): 361-9, 2013 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24095165

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and efficiency of a system set up to overcome the current disparity between primary and specialist health care and with the capacity to detect patients with significant diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To describe the activity of the Unit for Connection with Primary Care Centres (UCPCC) in the Alcoy Health Area (Alicante) during its first year. RESULTS: A total of 450 visits were made, with 6.5 (95% CI 5.7-7.3) first visits, and 3.9 (95% CI 3.1-4.8) successive ones per day. There were more than 50 reasons for consultation, and more than 60 final diagnoses (65.6% non-significant, 14% undefined and 12.4% significant). Digestive (31%) and functional (14.4%) diseases were the most frequently defined diagnoses, with neoplasic and autoimmune diseases among those defined as significant ones. The great majority (86.9%) of patients required 1-2 visits, with 40% diagnosed by just reviewing the hospital files. More than 20 different complementary examinations were performed, with 38.8%, 34.4%, 21.6%, and 5.2% of patients requiring 0, 1, 2, or ≥ 3, respectively. Patients with a significant pathology were diagnosed more quickly (12.4 ± 19.4 vs. 45.3 ± 52.8 days; P = .001), with less complementary examinations (0,5 ± 0,7 vs. 0,9 ± 0,9 per patient; P = .032. 58.6% vs. 39.6% patients without complementary examinations; P = .052), and were more frequently referred to specialised medicine (58.6% vs. 18.3%, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The demonstrated differential management of patients with potentially significant pathology using existing resources, make the UCPCC with internists an efficient model for the connection between health care levels.


Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Referral and Consultation , Humans , Medicine
7.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-115684

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia y eficiencia de un sistema de conexión entre niveles asistenciales que supere la actual desconexión asegurando el acceso preferencial de pacientes con enfermedad significativa a atención especializada. Material y métodos. Descripción de la actividad de la Consulta de Conexión con Atención Primaria (CCAP) del Departamento de Salud de Alcoy (Alicante) en su primer año de funcionamiento. Resultados. Hubo 450 visitas con 6,5 (IC 95% 5,7-7,3) primeras visitas y 3,9 (IC 95% 3,1-4,8) sucesivas diarias. Fueron más de 50 los motivos de consulta, y más de 60 los diagnósticos finales, la mayoría no relevantes (65,6% definidos no significativos; 14% indefinidos). Globalmente los diagnósticos definidos predominantes fueron los digestivos (31%) y los funcionales (14,4%), y los definidos significativos las neoplasias y las enfermedades autoinmunes. Al 86,9% de los diagnósticos se llegó tras 1 o 2 visitas, y al 40% con la sola revisión de la historia clínica hospitalaria. Hubo 217 peticiones de más de 20 exploraciones complementarias distintas, con un 38,8; 34,4; 21,6; y 5,2% de pacientes que requirieron 0, 1, 2 y >= 3, mayoritariamente (21,6%) analíticas básicas. Los pacientes con diagnóstico significativo fueron diagnosticados más rápidamente (12,4 ± 19,4 vs. 45,3 ± 52,8 días; p = 0,001), con menos exploraciones complementarias (0,5 ± 0,7 vs. 0,9 ± 0,9 exploraciones complementarias por paciente; p = 0,032; 58,6 vs. 39,6% pacientes sin exploraciones complementarias; p = 0,052) y en mayor proporción derivados a especializada (58,6 vs. 18,3%, p < 0,0001). Conclusiones. El demostrado manejo diferencial del paciente con enfermedad potencialmente significativa aprovechando los recursos existentes hacen de la CCAP con internistas un modelo eficiente de conexión entre niveles (AU)


Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and efficiency of a system set up to overcome the current disparity between primary and specialist health care and with the capacity to detect patients with significant diseases. Material and methods: To describe the activity of the Unit for Connection with Primary Care Centres (UCPCC) in the Alcoy Health Area (Alicante) during its first year. Results: A total of 450 visits were made, with 6.5 (95% CI 5.7-7.3) first visits, and 3.9 (95% CI 3.1- 4.8) successive ones per day. There were more than 50 reasons for consultation, and more than 60 final diagnoses (65.6% non-significant, 14% undefined and 12.4% significant). Digestive (31%) and functional (14.4%) diseases were the most frequently defined diagnoses, with neoplasic and autoimmune diseases among those defined as significant ones. The great majority (86.9%) of patients required 1-2 visits, with 40% diagnosed by just reviewing the hospital files. More than 20 different complementary examinations were performed, with 38.8%, 34.4%, 21.6%, and 5.2% of patients requiring 0, 1, 2, or >=3, respectively. Patients with a significant pathology were diagnosed more quickly (12.4 ± 19.4 vs. 45.3 ± 52.8 days; P = .001), with less complementary examinations (0,5 ± 0,7 vs. 0,9 ± 0,9 per patient; P = .032. 58.6% vs. 39.6% patients without complementary examinations; P = .052), and were more frequently referred to specialised medicine (58.6% vs. 18.3%, P < .0001). Conclusions: The demonstrated differential management of patients with potentially significant pathology using existing resources, make the UCPCC with internists an efficient model for the connection between health care levels (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Continuity of Patient Care/organization & administration , Continuity of Patient Care/standards , Continuity of Patient Care/trends , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Primary Health Care/standards , Autoimmune Diseases/epidemiology , Autoimmune Diseases/prevention & control , Continuity of Patient Care/legislation & jurisprudence , Internal Medicine/instrumentation , Internal Medicine , Primary Health Care/methods , Primary Health Care , Analysis of Variance , Confidence Intervals
8.
Hipertens. riesgo vasc ; 28(2): 72-75, Mar. -Abr. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-108789

ABSTRACT

Los datos anamnésicos y exploratorios siguen siendo clave en el manejo del hipertenso. También, y en contra de la creciente parcelación del saber médico, es necesaria una visión global e integradora, lo que exige la búsqueda activa de la lesión del órgano diana. El índice tobillo/brazo (ITB) emerge como una herramienta sencilla que permite a través de la detección de estenosis arteriales proximales, corregir no solo limitaciones de la de ambulación sino de manifestaciones relacionadas y a menudo olvidadas como la disfunción eréctil o la HTA vasculorrenal. No olvidemos que el mejor marcador de riesgo son los valores adecuadamente obtenidos de presión arterial y su correcta interpretación y que conviene evitar errores tan comunes como la toma tensional única, el fenómeno del redondeo o el de alarma. Alrededor de la mitad de pacientes con ITB patológico, están asintomáticos o presentan claudicación atípica, por lo que se hace aconsejable la realización extensiva del ITB en la población de riesgo cardiovascular significativo, independientemente de la presencia de síntomas (AU)


Anamnesic and examination data are still the key for the management of the hypertensive subject. In addition, and against the growing division into parcels of medical knowledge ,it is necessary to have a global and integrating view. This requires the active search for the target organ injury. To do so, the ankle/brachial index (ABI) is a simple test which, simultaneously, makes it possible to detect reversible arterial lesions and therefore treat the symptoms by intermittent claudication or manifestations that are also related and often overlooked, such as erectile dysfunction or renovascular hypertension. We must not forget that the best marker of risk is the correct levels of BP and their correct interpretation and that such common errors as using a single measurement of blood pressure, and the phenomenon of rounding up or down or of alarm should be avoided. Approximately half of patients with pathological ABI are a symptomatic or have atypical claudication. Thus, it is recommendation to made extensive use of the ABI in the significant cardiovascular risk population independently of the presence of symptoms (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , /methods , Hypertension/physiopathology , Erectile Dysfunction/physiopathology , Peripheral Arterial Disease/physiopathology , Blood Pressure Determination
9.
Hipertensión (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 25(6): 249-254, nov. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-84518

ABSTRACT

La baja prevalencia de hipertensión arterial secundaria(HTAS) en la población hipertensa general unido a susbajas tasas de reversibilidad y al ingente número de potencialesetiologías obliga a restringir su búsqueda a colectivosdeterminados y centrar esta búsqueda en lasformas más prevalentes y potencialmente corregibles.Las vasculitis son, dentro de las formas de HTAS, muypoco prevalentes. No obstante, su reversibilidad espotencialmente elevada cuando se detecta en fasestempranas; sin embargo, una vez en fase residual fibrótica,la lesión es irreversible. Presentamos un casode HTA debida a arteritis de Takayasu (AT), entidaden la que una de las formas principales de presentaciónes la HTA. El interés de su detección aún en fasefibrótica reside en que la población con esta arteritises joven (por definición, menor de 40 años) y con unriesgo cardiovascular incrementado derivado probablementede la disfunción endotelial asociada a lasvasculitis en general, así como a la rigidez arterial derivada.Se discute el diagnóstico diferencial de las aortitis,se incide en las formas más prevalentes en nuestromedio y se hace hincapié en el manejo terapéuticocomo pacientes de riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) incrementado.Siendo la AT una forma altamente infrecuentede HTAS, el que afecte a pacientes jóvenes yel que el diagnóstico de sospecha sea tan sencillo comola palpación de pulsos periféricos y el registro, almenos inicial, de los valores de PA en ambas extremidadessuperiores no hace sino recordarnos la importanciade seguir las guías terapéuticas a la hora deevaluar al paciente hipertenso general (AU)


The low prevalence of secondary hypertension (SH)in the overall hypertensive population, together withthe low rates of reversibility and the vast number ofpotential etiologies for this condition, makes it necessaryto limit the search to determinate groups and tofocus on the most prevalent and potentially correctabletypes. Although the vasculitides are not prevalent,they have potentially high reversibility when detectedin the early stages; however, lesions in the fibrotic residualstage are irreversible. We present a case of SHdue to Takayasu’s arteritis (TA), a disease in whichSH is one of the main presenting signs. It is importantto detect TA, even in the fibrotic stage, because TAaffects young people (by definition, under 40 years ofage) and involves increased cardiovascular risk, probablydue to the endothelial dysfunction that is associatedwith the vasculitides in general as well as to thearterial stiffness they cause. We discuss the differentialdiagnosis of aortitis and emphasize the most prevalenttypes in our environment and the therapeutic managementfor these patients with increased cardiovascularrisk. The fact that TA is a very rare type of SH thataffects young patients and that the diagnosis can besuspected simply palpating the peripheral pulses andrecording, at least at first, blood pressure in both arms,underlines the importance of following the recommendationsof the therapeutic guidelines when evaluatinggeneral hypertensive patients (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Takayasu Arteritis/complications , Hypertension/complications , Risk Factors , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Diagnosis, Differential , Aortitis/diagnosis
10.
Hipertensión (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 25(4): 175-179, jul. -ago. 2008. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-67228

ABSTRACT

Numerosos documentos insisten en la necesidad deun control estricto de la presión arterial (PA). Contrasta la escasa información publicada al respecto de la reducción tensional estricta y sus potenciales consecuencias negativas. Presentamos una paciente con hipertensión arterial (HTA) crónica esencial en tratamiento farmacológico y dos ingresos hospitalarios por vómitos secundarios a hiponatremia (hNa+) por tiazidas. Discutimos las causas más comunes de hNa+ enel paciente hipertenso, igualmente con muy escasabibliografía. El caso expuesto ilustra varios errores comunes en la praxis clinica habitual: erróneo diagnóstico de HTA por incorrecta técnica de medida de laPA, inicio precoz de tratamiento farmacológico basadoúnicamente en valores de PA e inadecuado empleode la automedida domiciliaria de PA (AMPA). Todoello llevó a una iatrogenia y a la realización demaniobras invasivas en una paciente con una HTA debata blanca donde se echa de menos un abordaje menosfragmentario y más acorde con las guías terapéuticasen uso


Many documents stress the need for strict control ofblood pressure (BP) on the contrary to the scarce information published regarding strict tension reductionand its potential negative consequences.We present apatient suffering chronic essential AHT under drugtreatment and with two admissions to hospital dueto vomiting secondary to hyponatremia (hNa+) due tothiazides. We discuss the most common causes ofhNa+ in the hypertensive patient, this also being veryscarce in the literature. The case presented illustratesseveral common errors in the common clinical practice:erroneous diagnosis of AHT due to incorrect measurementtechnique of BP, early onset of drug treatmentonly based on BP values and inadequate use ofABPM. All of this led to an iatrogeny and conductionof invasive maneuvers in a female patient with whitecoat hypertension in whom a less fragmented approachand one more in agreement with the therapheuticguidelines in use should have been used


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Hypertension/diagnosis , Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects , Vomiting/etiology , Hypertension/drug therapy , Hyponatremia/chemically induced , Iatrogenic Disease/prevention & control , Diagnostic Errors
12.
Hipertensión (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 23(9): 284-297, dic. 2006. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-050093

ABSTRACT

La HTA secundaria (HTAs) es una entidad infrecuente en la población hipertensa general y, en contra de la idea generalizada, con tasas de reversibilidad bajas, lo que a menudo se relaciona con el diagnóstico y tratamiento tardío de la entidad etiológica. La potencial reversibilidad en estadios tempranos y la mayor morbimortalidad consecuencia de la elevación tensional mantenida justifican su despistaje, si bien el elevado coste económico derivado y el gran número de etiologías a considerar hacen que deba restringirse la búsqueda a pacientes con riesgo: HTA refractaria, HTA con importante daño orgánico, HTA iniciada en edades extremas de la vida o con empeoramiento de su control sin causa aparente. Es muy escasa la información contrastada que permita establecer algoritmos definitivos para el despistaje de la HTAs. Siempre deberá prevalecer el sentido común y la accesibilidad a las pruebas en el medio clínico concreto donde nos desenvolvamos. La búsqueda debe centrarse en las formas más prevalentes y con mayor potencial de reversibilidad: toma de sustancias presoras o que interaccionan con fármacos antihipertensivos, la enfermedad renal crónica, enfermedades endocrinológicas y síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño. Para la acotación de la búsqueda ayuda considerar el grupo de edad del paciente concreto y la búsqueda activa de rasgos clínicos y/o analíticos específicos. El adecuado despistaje de la HTAs en definitiva requiere de nuestra capacidad de visión global del proceso hipertensivo, así como de mucho sentido común en la elección de las exploraciones a realizar


Secondary high blood pressure (HB) is an uncommon entity in the general hypertensive population. On the contrary to the generalized idea, it has low reversibility rates, which is often related with the late diagnosis and treatment of the etiological entity. The reversibility potential in early stages and greater morbidity-mortality as a result of the maintained tensional elevation justify its screening. However, the elevated financial cost derived and large number of etiologies to be considered require restricting the search to patients at risk: refractory HBP, HBP with significant organic damage, HBP initiated in extreme ages of life or with worsening of its control without apparent cause. Contrasted information making it possible to establish definitive algorithms for screening of HBPs is very limited. Common sense and accessibility to the tests in the specific clinical setting where we work should always prevail. The search should be centered on more prevalent forms and with greater reversibility potential: using pressor substances or those that interact with antihypertensive drugs, chronic kidney disease, endocrinological diseases and COPDs. When limiting the search, it is helpful to consider the age group of the patient considered and the active search of specific clinical and/or analytic traits. Adequate screening of HBPs finally require us to have capacity to obtain a global view of the hypertensive condition and to use much common sense in the choice of the examinations to be made


Subject(s)
Humans , Hypertension/etiology , Pheochromocytoma/complications , Cushing Syndrome/complications , Hyperaldosteronism/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Risk Factors , Algorithms
19.
Hipertensión (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 20(2): 63-73, feb. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-20288

ABSTRACT

El advenimiento de la terapia antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA) ha incidido de forma radical en el manejo de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). De ser una enfermedad con una elevada letalidad a corto plazo se ha pasado a una situación de cronificación del proceso. Ello se ha acompañado de la aparición de problemas previamente no descritos en este tipo de paciente, muchos de ellos relacionados con la propia TARGA. El efecto que sobre el endotelio ejerce la infección junto a la frecuente asociación de alteraciones lipídicas y del metabolismo hidrocarbonado ha despertado la preocupación en el impacto que sobre la morbimortalidad cardiovascular pudieran ejercer estas alteraciones a largo plazo en el paciente infectado por el VIH. Además de estos factores de riesgo metabólicos, en los últimos años existen evidencias crecientes sobre el papel que la elevación tensional podría desempeñar. Si bien la información con que actualmente se cuenta es escasa, parece que los enfermos con antecedentes personales o familiares de hipertensión arterial (HTA) presentan una incidencia aumentada de elevación tensional, sobre todo en relación con la toma de regímenes TARGA con inhibidores de proteasa (IP). El manejo actual del paciente infectado por el VIH exige la valoración del riesgo cardiovascular individual y su consideración a la hora del diseño individualizado de la TARGA. De otro lado, las numerosas interacciones farmacológicas de los fármacos antirretrovirales son elementos fundamentales a tener en cuenta a la hora de la elección de antihipertensivos (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections/complications , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects , Hypertension/chemically induced , Protease Inhibitors/adverse effects , Risk Factors , Drug Interactions
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