ABSTRACT
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) affects cattle worldwide causing severe productive and economic loss. In this study, we investigated the subgenotypes of BVDV circulating in cattle samples from the Aysén region, an active cattle breeding area located in southern Chile. Partial amplification of the 5' untranslated region (UTR) was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and twelve samples were analyzed by Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Eight samples were identified as belonging to Pestivirus bovis subgenotype 1e, three to 1-b, and one to 1-d. The phylogenetic analyses performed revealed a marked distance between these now-identified strains and those previously reported in the country. These findings support the need to continually expand the analysis of the variability of the viral phylogeny for the currently circulating BVDV strains and to update the vaccines recommended for this livestock area and surrounding areas.
Subject(s)
Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral , Animals , Cattle , Chile/epidemiology , Phylogeny , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/genetics , 5' Untranslated Regions , DiarrheaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by obesity, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis. Alterations in the gut microbiome play important roles in the development of MetS. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs are poorly understood. Dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) is an antimicrobial reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase expressed in the gut epithelium. Here, we posit that epithelial DUOX2 activity provides a mechanistic link between the gut microbiome and the development of MetS. METHODS: Mice carrying an intestinal epithelial-specific deletion of dual oxidase maturation factor 1/2 (DA IEC-KO), and wild-type littermates were fed a standard diet and killed at 24 weeks. Metabolic alterations were determined by glucose tolerance, lipid tests, and body and organ weight measurements. DUOX2 activity was determined by Amplex Red. Intestinal permeability was determined by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, microbial translocation assessments, and portal vein lipopolysaccharide measurements. Metagenomic analysis of the stool microbiome was performed. The role of the microbiome was assessed in antibiotic-treated mice. RESULTS: DA IEC-KO males showed increased body and organ weights accompanied by glucose intolerance and increased plasma lipid and liver enzyme levels, and increased adiposity in the liver and adipose tissue. Expression of F4/80, CD68, uncoupling protein 1, carbohydrate response element binding protein, leptin, and adiponectin was altered in the liver and adipose tissue of DA IEC-KO males. DA IEC-KO males produced less epithelial H2O2, had altered relative abundance of Akkermansiaceae and Lachnospiraceae in stool, and showed increased portal vein lipopolysaccharides and intestinal permeability. Females were protected from barrier defects and MetS, despite producing less H2O2. Antibiotic depletion abrogated all MetS phenotypes observed. CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal epithelial inactivity of DUOX2 promotes MetS in a microbiome-dependent manner.
Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Glucose Intolerance , Metabolic Syndrome , Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Dual Oxidases , Hydrogen Peroxide , Lipopolysaccharides , Obesity/metabolismABSTRACT
Introducción: La actividad laboral transformadora en la práctica de la Gerontología y la Geriatría en un hospital del nivel secundario ha conllevado al desarrollo de una nueva actividad laboral que potencia la formación de posgrado. Objetivo: Proponer la inclusión de la entrega médica integral como actividad de educación en el trabajo en la estrategia docente para la enseñanza de la especialidad de Gerontología y Geriatría. Desarrollo: La entrega médica integral es un espacio para la actividad colectiva del equipo de trabajo del servicio de Geriatría a partir de constituir una forma de organización de la actividad laboral, que rectorea el trabajo diario y donde los residentes y profesores profundizan conocimientos y adquieren habilidades. Tiene como objetivo contribuir al mejoramiento continuo de la calidad de la atención médica. Resulta, a su vez, una actividad de la práctica laboral vinculante a la educación permanente; privilegia el avance colectivo-grupal frente al desarrollo individual; y se utiliza para la organización, la planificación, el control y la evaluación del trabajo del servicio. Conclusiones: La entrega médica integral representa una forma de organización de la actividad laboral que constituye una actividad de educación en el trabajo útil para el mejoramiento continuo de la calidad de la atención médica y el proceso de formación posgradual, de acuerdo con el perfil del egresado declarado en el programa docente, con un enfoque desarrollador de la enseñanza de la especialidad Gerontología y Geriatría(AU)
Introduction: The transformative work activity in the practice of gerontology and geriatrics in a secondary level hospital has led to the development of a new work activity that enhances postgraduate training. Objective: To propose the inclusion of comprehensive medical delivery as an educational activity at work in the strategy for teaching the specialty of Gerontology and Geriatrics, which starts from constituting a form of organization of work activity, governing daily work and in which residents and professors deepen knowledge and acquire skills. Development: Comprehensive medical delivery is a space for the collective activity of the work team in the geriatrics service. Its objective is to contribute to the continuous improvement of the quality of medical care. It is, in turn, a labor practice activity binding on permanent education. It favors collective-group advancement over individual development, as well as it is used for the organization, planning, control and assessment of service work. Conclusions: Comprehensive medical delivery is a form of organization of work activity, as well as an educational activity at work useful for the continuous improvement of the quality of medical care and the postgraduate training process, according to the graduate profile declared in the teaching syllabus, with a developmental approach to teaching of the Gerontology and Geriatrics specialty(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Professional Competence , Quality of Health Care , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Medical Care , Education, Professional , Health Postgraduate Programs , Geriatrics/educationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Chronic colonic inflammation leads to dysplasia and cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We have described the critical role of innate immune signaling via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the pathogenesis of dysplasia and cancer. In the current study, we interrogate the intersection of TLR4 signaling, epithelial redox activity, and the microbiota in colitis-associated neoplasia. METHODS: Inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer data sets were analyzed for expression of TLR4, dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2), and NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1). Epithelial production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was analyzed in murine colonic epithelial cells and colonoid cultures. Colorectal cancer models were carried out in villin-TLR4 mice, carrying a constitutively active form of TLR4, their littermates, and villin-TLR4 mice backcrossed to DUOXA-knockout mice. The role of the TLR4-shaped microbiota in tumor development was tested in wild-type germ-free mice. RESULTS: Activation of epithelial TLR4 was associated with up-regulation of DUOX2 and NOX1 in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. DUOX2 was exquisitely dependent on TLR4 signaling and mediated the production of epithelial H2O2. Epithelial H2O2 was significantly increased in villin-TLR4 mice; TLR4-dependent tumorigenesis required the presence of DUOX2 and a microbiota. Mucosa-associated microbiota transferred from villin-TLR4 mice to wild-type germ-free mice caused increased H2O2 production and tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS: Increased TLR4 signaling in colitis drives expression of DUOX2 and epithelial production of H2O2. The local milieu imprints the mucosal microbiota and imbues it with pathogenic properties demonstrated by enhanced epithelial reactive oxygen species and increased development of colitis-associated tumors. The inter-relationship between epithelial reactive oxygen species and tumor-promoting microbiota requires a 2-pronged strategy to reduce the risk of dysplasia in colitis patients.
Subject(s)
Colitis, Ulcerative/complications , Colitis-Associated Neoplasms/pathology , Dual Oxidases/metabolism , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology , Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism , Animals , Azoxymethane/administration & dosage , Azoxymethane/toxicity , Carcinogenesis/chemically induced , Carcinogenesis/immunology , Carcinogenesis/pathology , Colitis, Ulcerative/chemically induced , Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology , Colitis, Ulcerative/microbiology , Colitis-Associated Neoplasms/immunology , Colitis-Associated Neoplasms/microbiology , Colon/drug effects , Colon/immunology , Colon/microbiology , Colon/pathology , Datasets as Topic , Dextran Sulfate/administration & dosage , Dextran Sulfate/toxicity , Disease Models, Animal , Germ-Free Life , Humans , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects , Intestinal Mucosa/immunology , Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Knockout , NADPH Oxidase 1/metabolism , Toll-Like Receptor 4/geneticsABSTRACT
Andes virus is the main causative agent of Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in South America. There are currently no vaccines or treatments against Andes virus. However, there are several evidences suggesting that antibodies against Andes virus envelope glycoproteins may be enough to confer full protection against Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. The goal of the present work was to express, purify and characterize the extracellular domains of Andes virus glycoproteins Gn and Gc. We generated two adenoviral vectors encoding the extracellular domains of Andes virus glycoproteins Gn and Gc. Both molecules were expressed by adenoviral transduction in SiHa cells. We found that sGc ectodomain was mainly secreted into the culture medium, whereas sGn was predominantly retained inside the cells. Both molecules were expressed at very low concentrations (below 1 µg/mL). Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor ALLN raised sGc concentration in the cell culture medium, but did not affect expression levels of sGn. Both ectodomains were purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, and were recognized by sera from persons previously exposed to Andes virus. To our knowledge, this is the first work that addresses the expression and purification of Andes virus glycoproteins Gn and Gc. Our results demonstrate that sGn and sGc maintain epitopes that are exposed on the surface of the viral envelope. However, our work also highlights the need to explore new strategies to achieve high-level expression of these proteins for development of a vaccine candidate against Andes virus.
Subject(s)
Orthohantavirus/genetics , Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism , Viral Envelope Proteins/isolation & purification , Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Humans , Recombinant Proteins/chemistry , Recombinant Proteins/genetics , Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry , Viral Envelope Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
La Misión Milagro desató una revolución verdadera en la formación y desempeño de la especialidad de Oftalmología concebida Para todos y con carácter gratuito. Para garantizar el cumplimiento del Compromiso de Sandino de operar con el esfuerzo de ambas naciones, Cuba y Venezuela, a 6 000 000 de pacientes de las Islas del Caribe y Latinoamérica, a atender en 10 años, se diseñó un plan de formación de la especialidad de acuerdo a lo que exigía el momento histórico de formar 1000 especialistas en Oftalmología, teniendo en cuenta la rica experiencia acumulada en la especialidad. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con el objetivo de exponer las ideas del Comandante en Jefe Fidel Castro Ruz sobre la Misión Milagro y su influencia en los cambios en la formación de recursos humanos especializados en Oftalmología, que deja memoria escrita del nuevo modelo de formación de estos especialistas, desarrollado por la Facultad Cubana de Oftalmología que comenzó sus actividades docentes el 28 de noviembre de 2005 y que garantizó la disponibilidad de 929 especialistas de Oftalmología General con elevada preparación científico investigativa, ética y moral, para dar respuesta a las necesidades de la Misión Milagro(AU)
Mission Milagro (the Miracle mission) unleashed a real revolution in the formation and the performance of ophthalmology conceived for all the people and at no cost. For the purpose of assuring the fulfillment of Sandino commitment of operating 6 000 000 patients from the Caribbean Islands and Latin America in 10 years, based on the efforts of Cuba and Venezuela, a formation program was designed to meet the demands of the historical times and to prepare 1000 ophthalmologists according to the rich accumulated experiences in this field. A descriptive study was made to present the ideas of the Commander in Chief Fidel Castro Ruz about the Miracle Mission and their influence in the changes of the formation of human resources specialized in ophthalmology. This is a written memoir of the new formative model of ophthalmology specialists developed by the Cuban School of Ophthalmology, which began its teaching activities on November 28th, 2005 and assured the availability of 929 general ophthalmologists with high scientific, research, ethical and moral preparation to respond to the needs of the Miracle Mission(AU)
Subject(s)
Informatics , Staff Development , Medical Missions , Eye Health ServicesABSTRACT
La Misión Milagro desató una revolución verdadera en la formación y desempeño de la especialidad de Oftalmología concebida Para todos y con carácter gratuito. Para garantizar el cumplimiento del Compromiso de Sandino de operar con el esfuerzo de ambas naciones, Cuba y Venezuela, a 6 000 000 de pacientes de las Islas del Caribe y Latinoamérica, a atender en 10 años, se diseñó un plan de formación de la especialidad de acuerdo a lo que exigía el momento histórico de formar 1000 especialistas en Oftalmología, teniendo en cuenta la rica experiencia acumulada en la especialidad. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con el objetivo de exponer las ideas del Comandante en Jefe Fidel Castro Ruz sobre la Misión Milagro y su influencia en los cambios en la formación de recursos humanos especializados en Oftalmología, que deja memoria escrita del nuevo modelo de formación de estos especialistas, desarrollado por la Facultad Cubana de Oftalmología que comenzó sus actividades docentes el 28 de noviembre de 2005 y que garantizó la disponibilidad de 929 especialistas de Oftalmología General con elevada preparación científico investigativa, ética y moral, para dar respuesta a las necesidades de la Misión Milagro...
Mission Milagro (the Miracle mission) unleashed a real revolution in the formation and the performance of ophthalmology conceived for all the people and at no cost. For the purpose of assuring the fulfillment of Sandino commitment of operating 6 000 000 patients from the Caribbean Islands and Latin America in 10 years, based on the efforts of Cuba and Venezuela, a formation program was designed to meet the demands of the historical times and to prepare 1000 ophthalmologists according to the rich accumulated experiences in this field. A descriptive study was made to present the ideas of the Commander in Chief Fidel Castro Ruz about the Miracle Mission and their influence in the changes of the formation of human resources specialized in ophthalmology. This is a written memoir of the new formative model of ophthalmology specialists developed by the Cuban School of Ophthalmology, which began its teaching activities on November 28th, 2005 and assured the availability of 929 general ophthalmologists with high scientific, research, ethical and moral preparation to respond to the needs of the Miracle Mission...
Subject(s)
Humans , Eye Health Services , Informatics , Medical Missions , Staff DevelopmentABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is associated with an increased risk of developing bloodstream infections (BSIs) but the impact of the PN delivery system upon BSI rates remains unclear. This was an international, multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, controlled trial that investigated the differences of BSIs associated with 2 different PN systems. METHODS: Patients were randomly allocated in a 2:1:1 ratio to receive either PN delivered by a multichamber bag (MCB group), or by compounded PN made with olive oil (COM1 group) or with MCT/LCT (COM2 group). Blood cultures were performed to evaluate the incidence of BSIs, and catheter use data was collected to calculate CLAB and central venous catheter device use ratio (CVC-DUR). Secondary outcomes included the development of severe sepsis/septic shock, number of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital days, and all-cause mortality at Day 28. RESULTS: 406 patients were included: 202 in the MCB group, 103 in the COM1 group, and 101 in the COM2 group. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the 3 groups, BSIs were significantly higher in patients receiving compounded PN (46 BSIs for COM1+COM2 vs 34 BSIs for MCB; p = 0.03).CLAB was higher in patients receiving compounded PN (13.2 for COM1+COM2 vs 10.3 for MCB; p < 0.0001). No differences were observed for the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION: Compounded PN was associated with a higher incidence of BSIs and CLABs, suggesting that the use of MCB PN may play a role in reducing the incidence of BSIs in patients who receive PN. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT00798681.
Subject(s)
Cross Infection/etiology , Parenteral Nutrition/adverse effects , Sepsis/etiology , Adult , Aged , Central Venous Catheters/adverse effects , Central Venous Catheters/microbiology , Critical Illness , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Diet , Energy Intake , Female , Humans , Incidence , Insulin/administration & dosage , Insulin/blood , Intensive Care Units , Length of Stay , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sepsis/epidemiology , Sepsis/microbiologyABSTRACT
Thyroid hormone receptors, THRA and THRB, together with the TSH receptor, TSHR, are key regulators of thyroid function. Alterations in the genes of these receptors (THRA, THRB and TSHR) have been related to thyroid diseases, including thyroid cancer. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting that predisposition to differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is related to common genetic variants with low penetrance that interact with each other and with environmental factors. In this study, we investigated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the THRA (one SNP), THRB (three SNPs) and TSHR (two SNPs) genes with DTC risk. A case-control association study was conducted with 398 patients with sporadic DTC and 479 healthy controls from a Spanish population. Among the polymorphisms studied, only THRA-rs939348 was found to be associated with an increased risk of DTC (recessive model, odds ratio=1.80, 95% confidence interval=1.03-3.14, P=0.037). Gene-gene interaction analysis using the genotype data of this study together with our previous genotype data on TG and TRHR indicated a combined effect of the pairwises: THRB-TG (P interaction=0.014, THRB-rs3752874 with TG-rs2076740; P interaction=0.099, THRB-rs844107 with TG-rs2076740) and THRB-TRHR (P interaction=0.0024, THRB-rs3752874 with TRHR-rs4129682) for DTC risk in a Spanish population. Our results confirm that THRA is a risk factor for DTC, and we show for the first time the combined effect of THRB and TG or TRHR on DTC susceptibility, supporting the importance of gene-gene interaction in thyroid cancer risk.
ABSTRACT
El hallux valgus es la desviación en valgo del dedo gordo a nivel de la articulación metatarsofalángica que desencadena una prominencia en la cara medial de la cabeza del primer metatarsiano; es la enfermedad que más frecuentemente afecta a la primera articulación metatarsofalángica tanto a nivel internacional, nacional, como local y es de las deformidades del antepié la más imposibilitante para el paciente (alrededor del 20 por ciento o más de la población lo padece); con su detección temprana se puede llegar a corregir el problema. El tratamiento conservador se indica inicialmente, salvo que la deformidad sea tan severa y dolorosa que esta terapéutica no represente ningún beneficio. Existen múltiples técnicas quirúrgicas en la actualidad para el tratamiento del hallux valgus, constituye un reto para el cirujano ortopédico seleccionar la indicada. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de información actualizada sobre el tema en diferentes bases de datos así como libros, folletos e investigaciones relacionadas con la temática en estudio para confeccionar una revisión bibliográfica como material de consulta(AU)
Hallux valgus is the deviation in valgus of the big toe at level of metatarsal-phalangeal joint that it triggers a prominence on the medial face of the head of the first metatarsiano; it is the disease that more frequently affects to the first metatarsal-phalangeal joint as much as international, national, and local level and the forefoot deformity is the one that has more disability for the patient (around the 20 percent or more of the population it suffers it); with its early detection it is possible to correct the problem. The preservative treatment is indicated initially, unless the deformity is so severe and painful that this therapeutic represent no benefits. Actually,there are multiple surgical techniques for hallux valgus treatment, it constitutes a challenge for the orthopedic surgeon to select the indicated one. An exhaustive search of updated information was made about the topic in diferent data bases such as books, pamphlets and researches related to the thematic in study for producing a bibliographical revision as study material(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hallux ValgusABSTRACT
To investigate the association between human CMV glycoprotein B (gB) genotypes and CMV disease, we retrospectively analysed 73 biological samples from 56 Cuban patients with different CMV-related diseases using a multiplex nested PCR for detection of the reported 5 CMV gB genotypes. All 4 main genotypes 1 to 4 were found in the clinical samples while no genotype 5 was detected. Among the individuals analysed, genotype gB-2 was the most prevalent (38%) followed by gB-1 (30%) and mixed infections (16%) being mainly detected among immunosuppressed patients (7 out of 9), although there was no association between mixed infections and CMV rejection in transplant recipients. Genotype gB-4 was the least frequent (5 patients), which was almost exclusively detected in mixed infections (4 out of 5, p<0.0001). Genotype gB-1 was more frequently detected in AIDS patients (47%) although it was not statistically significant, while 68% of transplant patients showed mixed infections (p<0.05). This study represents the first report of human CMV gB genotypes in Cuban patients; however, the study is limited by the small number patients, thus making it difficult to draw firm conclusions about the distribution of CMV genotypes in Cuba. Nevertheless, this preliminary report has allowed us to identify that the main 4 CMV genotypes are present in the Cuban population, with genotypes 2 and 1 being the most frequent strains.
Subject(s)
Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/virology , Cytomegalovirus/genetics , Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics , Cohort Studies , Cuba/epidemiology , Genotype , Humans , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio observacional en la Mina-Planta de Zeolita, perteneciente al municipio de Ranchuelo, provincia de Villa Clara, en el año 2003, que tuvo como objetivo demostrar la asociación existente entre la contaminación del ambiente laboral y las enfermedades respiratorias en los trabajadores. Para ello se recolectó información de la morbilidad laboral y se efectuó el estudio químico sanitario de la zona de trabajo, donde se encontró que el polvo de zeolita en el aire sobrepasaba los límites admisibles de exposición. El 61,9 por ciento de los certificados médicos emitidos por enfermedades respiratorias fueron en los meses de alta producción, y un 76,4 por ciento correspondió a trabajadores del área de mayor exposición al polvo, en la que además el 69,3 por ciento de los trabajadores mantiene de 7 a 14 años de labor en el centro. En el área de menor exposición el riesgo de tener incapacidad laboral temporal por enfermedades respiratorias es de 5,50 veces. La contaminación del ambiente laboral constituyó un factor favorecedor para el desarrollo de afecciones respiratorias, por lo que recomendamos mejorar las condiciones de operación en los procesos tecnológicos con relación al sistema de despolvorización(AU)
Subject(s)
Environmental Pollution/adverse effects , Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology , Mining , Zeolites/adverse effects , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio observacional en la Mina-Planta de Zeolita, perteneciente al municipio de Ranchuelo, provincia de Villa Clara, en el año 2003, que tuvo como objetivo demostrar la asociación existente entre la contaminación del ambiente laboral y las enfermedades respiratorias en los trabajadores. Para ello se recolectó información de la morbilidad laboral y se efectuó el estudio químico sanitario de la zona de trabajo, donde se encontró que el polvo de zeolita en el aire sobrepasaba los límites admisibles de exposición. El 61,9 por ciento de los certificados médicos emitidos por enfermedades respiratorias fueron en los meses de alta producción, y un 76,4 por ciento correspondió a trabajadores del área de mayor exposición al polvo, en la que además el 69,3 por ciento de los trabajadores mantiene de 7 a 14 años de labor en el centro. En el área de menor exposición el riesgo de tener incapacidad laboral temporal por enfermedades respiratorias es de 5,50 veces. La contaminación del ambiente laboral constituyó un factor favorecedor para el desarrollo de afecciones respiratorias, por lo que recomendamos mejorar las condiciones de operación en los procesos tecnológicos con relación al sistema de despolvorización
Subject(s)
Environmental Pollution/adverse effects , Mining , Respiratory Tract Diseases , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
El objetivo, establecer si la medición de la distancia verumontanun cuello (DVC) se relaciona con el tamaño prostático y con el volumen prostático como predictor de tamaño prostático. Se efectuó la revisión de 350 uretrocistoscopias de pacientes masculinos en el Hospital Vargas de Caracas. Para la conversión de cm a cm³en el tacto digital rectal y DVC se empleó la medida de que cada 1 cm próstata medido equivale a 10 cm³ de tejido prostático. En el análisis estadístico se aplicaron medidas de tendencia central usándose la correlación de Rangos de Spearman (r) para volumen prostático en cm³ DVC en cms, y el tacto rectal prostático en cm. En los 350 pacientes la media de la edad fue de 29,98 + 14,66 años, del DVC en 3,53 + 1,17 cm y del tacto rectal en 3,83 + 1,19 cm. De los 30 pacientes con ecografía endorrectal, la media de la edad 65 + 14,093 años, DVC 3,98 + 1,29 cm y del volumen prostático 46,63 + 12,27 cm³. Al dividir los resultados en < de 40 cm³ por ecografía y > 40 cm³ encontramos, en < de 40 cm³ una media de volumen prostático en de 35,75 cm³ y un DVC de 2,83 + 0,49 cm, al realizar la correlación volumen vs DVC r= 0.82561, r2= 0.681627, p= 0,00094. En próstatas con volumen > 40 cm³ la media del volumen 53,88 + 10,35 cm³, del DVC 4,75 + 1,06 cm con una correlación volumen prostático vs DVC r= 0,85497, r2= 0,73097 p= 0,00001; la media del tacto digital rectal es 4,94 + 1,16 cm que al relacionarla con volumen prostático r= 0,841201, r2= 0,707619, p= 0,000012. Se evidenció una correlación directa entre volumen prostático vs DVC en cm y volumen prostático y tacto digital rectal en cm, siendo esta correlación mayor en próstatas mayores de 40 cm³
Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Middle Aged , Rectum , Ultrasonography , Prostate , Urology , VenezuelaABSTRACT
Comparar la eficacia de la tomografía axial computada (TAC) y la helicoidal (TH) en el estadiaje preoperatorio y determinación del tamaño tumoral en los pacientes con cáncer renal comparada con los resultados de anatomía patológica de los especimenes quirúrgicos. Se incluyeron en el estudio 30 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer renal quienes fueron divididos en 2 grupos de 15 pacientes cada uno. Se determinó, la sensibilidad y la especificidad de ambos métodos diagnósticos tomando los siguientes parámetros: Capacidad de los estudios de establecer correctamente el T, el N y el tamaño tumoral, comparando ambos métodos entre si. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron el test de Wilconson, la X² corregida de Yates y la prueba exacta de Fisher. Se tomó para todas las pruebas un nivel de significancia de 95 por ciento (P<0.05). La TAC tuvo un 40 por ciento (n=6) de certeza para determinar correctamente el tamaño tumoral mientras que la TH determinó con certeza un 60 por ciento (n=9) de los casos. Con respecto a la estadiación preoperatoria la sensibilidad fue de 60 y 72,22 por ciento y la especificidad de 88,88 y 92,68 por ciento para la TAC y la TH respectivamente. La TH determinó con una eficacia del 100 por ciento todos los pacientes con T1 lo que la hizo más eficaz que la TAC para establecer los pacientes susceptibles de realizarseles una nefrectomía parcial. El sexo, el riñón afectado, el Furhman, el patrón histológico, el patrón arquitectural, no influyeron en la determinación de los parámetros objeto de este estudio. La tomografía helicoidal es actualmente el Standard de oro para el diagnóstico y estadiación de los pacientes con cáncer renal, en nuestro estudio, evidenciamos que era más sensible y específica en varios aspectos, más sin embargo no logramos determinar diferencias estdísticamente significativas entre los 2 métodos, debido al pequeño tamaño de la muestra
Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Female , Tomography , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis , Urology , VenezuelaSubject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Adenocarcinoma , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology , Urology , VenezuelaABSTRACT
El infarto de miocardio representa una urgencia médica que requiere la hospitalización inmediata del paciente en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y el tratamiento médico cuidadoso. En la mayoría de los pacientes, la causa del infarto es un trombo oclusivo por encima o junto a una placa ateroesclerótica rota. En raros casos, el infarto aparece con arterias coronarias normales (4,3,5). En el Servicio de Terapia Intensiva de nuestro Hospital, se hospitalizaron entre enero de 1991 y diciembre de 1997, sesenta (70) pacientes con impresión diagnóstica de infarto de miocardio, en ese mismo orden se pudo evidenciar, que de los 70 pacientes hospitalizados 48 pertenecían al sexo masculino, que representa un 68,57 por ciento, y el resto 22 pacientes al sexo femenino un 31,4 por ciento; así mismo el grupo etáreo con mayor incidencia se ubicó entre 51 y 60 años, 35 pacientes presentaron infarto de miocardio en cara anterior, 20 pacientes infarto miocardio cara inferior y 15 entero septal
