ABSTRACT
Virility and sexual pleasure have long been associated with penile size and this, in turn, has typically been linked to some anthropometric measurements, such as foot size or height, leading to various misconceptions from both men and women. Our intention is to estimate penile size parameters in Argentina and evaluate the correlation between penile size and certain anthropometric measurements. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, multicenter, and observational study. Male patients who underwent a urological procedure were included in four hospitals located in different regions of the country. Different anthropometric measurements were obtained: height, weight, penile circumference, flaccid and stretched length, and foot length. A total of 800 patients were evaluated. Mean left foot was 26.4 cm. Mean flaccid penile length was 11.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8-14) cm, and mean penile circumference was 10.1 (95% CI: 8-12) cm. Finally, mean stretched penis was 15.2 (95% CI: 11-18.5) cm. We can confirm that estimates of the average penile measurements in Argentina are flaccid penis length of 11.4 cm, penile circumference of 10.1 cm, and stretching the penis to the maximum in flaccidity of 15.2 cm. Correlations between flaccid penis length, stretched out, penile circumference, height, weight, and length of the left foot were evaluated, finding low or no correlation between those mentioned, except for flaccid and stretched length.
Subject(s)
Body Height , Penis , Humans , Male , Female , Prospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Anthropometry , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN : El papel de los pacientes en los sistemas sanitarios es cada vez más relevante. Su satisfacción aparece como uno de los principales indicadores al evaluar la gestión sanitaria y la calidad asistencial. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar variables predictoras de satisfacción con la atención médica en la consulta externa pediátrica del Hospital El Cruce-Néstor Kirchner. MÉTODOS : Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal. Se incluyó a pacientes en edad pediátrica que concurrieron al Hospital a partir de junio de 2018. Se completaron encuestas CAHPS (Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems) después de la visita. Se utilizó test de Kruskal-Wallis para comparar distribución de cada variable predictora; para variables independientes categóricas, se realizó tabla n x p buscando significancia por test de chi cuadrado ajustada por número de comparaciones y chi cuadrado de tendencia lineal buscando asociación entre categorías predictoras ordenadas y variable respuesta. RESULTADOS : Un total de 423 personas respondieron el cuestionario; 368 eran mujeres, 390/415 eran padre o madre. La mayoría estaba conforme; sólo 3 asignaron puntajes menores a 7 (mínimo 0, máximo 10). Ninguna de las variables predictoras analizadas se asoció significativamente con peor evaluación del profesional y satisfacción con la atención. DISCUSIÓN : Hay un alto grado de satisfacción con la atención. Los motivos podrían ser abordados en profundidad mediante estudios cualitativos.
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION : The role of patients in health systems is increasingly relevant. Their satisfaction appears as one of the main indicators to evaluate health management and quality of care. The objective of the study was to determine predictive variables of satisfaction with medical care in the pediatric outpatient clinic of El Cruce Néstor Kirchner Hospital. METHODS : A cross-sectional study was conducted. It included pediatric patients who attended the Hospital since June 2018. Post-visit CAHPS (Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems) surveys were completed. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the distribution of each predictor variable; for categorical independent variables, n x p table was performed looking for significance by chi-square test adjusted for number of comparisons and chisquare of linear trend looking for association between ordered predictor categories and response variable. RESULTS : A total of 423 people answered the questionnaire; 368 were female, 390/415 were father or mother. Most respondents reported being satisfied; only 3 of them assigned scores lower than 7 (minimum 0, maximum 10). None of the predictive variables analyzed were significantly associated with worse evaluation of professionals and satisfaction with care. DISCUSSION : There is a high level of satisfaction with the attention. Qualitative studies would help to thoroughly explain the reasons.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: El papel de los pacientes en los sistemas sanitarios es cada vez más relevante. Su satisfacción aparece como uno de los principales indicadores al evaluar la gestión sanitaria y la calidad asistencial. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar variables predictoras de satisfacción con la atención médica en la consulta externa pediátrica del Hospital El Cruce-Néstor Kirchner. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal. Se incluyó a pacientes en edad pediátrica que concurrieron al Hospital a partir de junio de 2018. Se completaron encuestas CAHPS (Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems) después de la visita. Se utilizó test de Kruskal-Wallis para comparar distribución de cada variable predictora; para variables independientes categóricas, se realizó tabla n x p buscando significancia por test de chi cuadrado ajustada por número de comparaciones y chi cuadrado de tendencia lineal buscando asociación entre categorías predictoras ordenadas y variable respuesta. RESULTADOS: Un total de 423 personas respondieron el cuestionario; 368 eran mujeres, 390/415 eran padre o madre. La mayoría estaba conforme; sólo 3 asignaron puntajes menores a 7 (mínimo 0, máximo 10). Ninguna de las variables predictoras analizadas se asoció significativamente con peor evaluación del profesional y satisfacción con la atención. DISCUSIÓN: Hay un alto grado de satisfacción con la atención. Los motivos podrían ser abordados en profundidad mediante estudios cualitativos.
Subject(s)
Argentina , Quality of Health Care , Patient Satisfaction , Ambulatory CareABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objectives: The clinical significance of positive surgical margin (PSM) after a Nephron Sparing Surgery (NSS) is controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between PSM and the risk of disease recurrence in patients with pT1 kidney tumors who underwent NSS. Materials and Methods: Retrospective cohort study. A total of 314 patients submitted to a NSS due to stage pT1 renal tumor between January 2010 and June 2015 were included. Recurrence-free survival was estimated. The Cox model was used to adjust the tumor size, histological grade, pathological stage, age, surgical margins and type of approach. Results: Overall PSM was 6.3% (n=22). Recurrence was evidenced in 9.1% (n=2) of patients with PSM and 3.5% (n=10) for the group of negative surgical margin (NSM). The estimated local recurrence-free survival rate at 3 years was 96.4% (95% CI 91.9 to 100) for the NSM group and 87.8% (95% CI 71.9 to 100) for PSM group (p=0.02) with no difference in metastasis-free survival. The PSM and pathological high grade (Fuhrman grade III or IV) were independent predictors of local recurrence in the multivariate analysis (HR 12.9, 95%CI 1.8-94, p=0.011 / HR 38.3, 95%CI 3.1-467, p=0.004 respectively). Fuhrman grade proved to be predictor of distant recurrence (HR 8.1, 95%CI 1.6-39.7, p=0.011). Conclusions: The PSM in pT1 renal tumors showed to have higher risk of local recurrence and thus, worse oncological prognosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/surgery , Organ Sparing Treatments/methods , Margins of Excision , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis , Time Factors , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology , Predictive Value of Tests , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Risk Assessment/methods , Disease-Free Survival , Tumor Burden , Neoplasm Grading , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Nephrectomy/methodsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The clinical significance of positive surgical margin (PSM) after a Nephron Sparing Surgery (NSS) is controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between PSM and the risk of disease recurrence in patients with pT1 kidney tumors who underwent NSS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. A total of 314 patients submitted to a NSS due to stage pT1 renal tumor between January 2010 and June 2015 were included. Recurrence-free survival was estimated. The Cox model was used to adjust the tumor size, histological grade, pathological stage, age, surgical margins and type of approach. RESULTS: Overall PSM was 6.3% (n=22). Recurrence was evidenced in 9.1% (n=2) of patients with PSM and 3.5% (n=10) for the group of negative surgical margin (NSM). The estimated local recurrence-free survival rate at 3 years was 96.4% (95% CI 91.9 to 100) for the NSM group and 87.8% (95% CI 71.9 to 100) for PSM group (p=0.02) with no difference in metastasis-free survival. The PSM and pathological high grade (Fuhrman grade III or IV) were independent predictors of local recurrence in the multivariate analysis (HR 12.9, 95%CI 1.8-94, p=0.011 / HR 38.3, 95%CI 3.1-467, p=0.004 respectively). Fuhrman grade proved to be predictor of distant recurrence (HR 8.1, 95%CI 1.6-39.7, p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The PSM in pT1 renal tumors showed to have higher risk of local recurrence and thus, worse oncological prognosis.
