Control glucémico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en España / Glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Spain

Objetivo. Evaluar el grado de control glucémico en los pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) en España, e identificar los factores asociados con el nivel de control glucémico. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio epidemiológico transversal, multicéntrico realizado en consultas de atención primaria en España. Se incluyeron 5.591 pacientes con DM2 (> 1año evolución) y con tratamiento farmacológico (>3 meses). En una única visita, se determinó la HbA1c (sistema A1cNow+) y se registraron las variables relacionadas con la diabetes y su tratamiento, los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV), la presencia de lesiones de órgano diana (LOD), y la presencia de hipoglucemia y modificación del peso en el año previo. Resultados. Se analizaron los datos de 5.382 pacientes (edad media 66,7 años; 8,8 años de evolución); el 43,6% presentaban alguna LOD y el 59,1% recibían ≥ 2 fármacos. La HbA1c media fue de 7,1 (1,1)% y el 48,6% tenían HbA1c<7,0%. Los pacientes con HbA1c≥7,0% presentaban mayor duración de la diabetes, mayor prevalencia de LOD y FRCV, usaban terapias más complejas y en el año previo presentaron más hipoglucemias y mayor aumento de peso. En el análisis multivariante, la ausencia de tratamiento con insulina, la ausencia de obesidad abdominal y dislipemia aterogénica, el tiempo de evolución de DM2<10 años y la edad>70 años se asociaron con mejor control glucémico. Conclusiones. la proporción de DM2 con deficiente control en España es elevada. Los factores que reflejan la complejidad de la enfermedad y del tratamiento hipoglucemiante, así como el antecedente de hipoglucemia y aumento de peso, se asocian con peor control glucémico (AU)

Objective. To evaluate the degree of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in Spain and identify factors associated with glycemic control. Patients and methods. This was a cross-sectional, multicenter, epidemiological study that used consecutive sampling and was conducted in primary care practices in Spain. A total of 5591 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus lasting more than 1 year and who were treated with hypoglycemic agents for more than 3 months were included in the study. At a single visit, HbA1c levels were measured (A1cNow+ system) and demographic and clinical variables related to diabetes and its treatment were recorded. During the visit, CV risk factors (CVRF), the presence of target-organ damage (TOD), the presence of hypoglycemia and body weight changes within the previous year were recorded. Results. We analyzed data from 5382 patients (mean age 66.7 [10.8] years, mean duration of the diabetes 8.8 [6.3] years). TOD was present in 43.6% of the patients and 59.1% were taking 2 or more drugs. The patients’ mean HbA1c was 7.1 (1.1)%, and 48.6% had HbA1c levels <7.0%. The patients with HbA1c levels ≥7.0% had longer-standing diabetes, a higher prevalence of TOD and CVRF, used more complex therapies, experienced more hypoglycemic episodes in the previous year and had more weight gain. In the multivariate analysis, the absence of insulin treatment, the absence of abdominal obesity and atherogenic dyslipidemia, a duration of the diabetes <10 years and an age >70 years were associated with improved glycemic control. Conclusions. Patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus are highly prevalent in Spain. Factors associated with poorer glycemic control include the complexity of both the disease and the hypoglycemic therapy, a history of hypoglycemia and weight gain (AU)

Glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Spain. / Control glucémico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en España.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the degree of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in Spain and identify factors associated with glycemic control. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, multicenter, epidemiological study that used consecutive sampling and was conducted in primary care practices in Spain. A total of 5591 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus lasting more than 1 year and who were treated with hypoglycemic agents for more than 3 months were included in the study. At a single visit, HbA1c levels were measured (A1cNow+ system) and demographic and clinical variables related to diabetes and its treatment were recorded. During the visit, CV risk factors (CVRF), the presence of target-organ damage (TOD), the presence of hypoglycemia and body weight changes within the previous year were recorded. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 5382 patients (mean age 66.7 [10.8] years, mean duration of the diabetes 8.8 [6.3] years). TOD was present in 43.6% of the patients and 59.1% were taking 2 or more drugs. The patients' mean HbA1c was 7.1 (1.1)%, and 48.6% had HbA1c levels <7.0%. The patients with HbA1c levels ≥7.0% had longer-standing diabetes, a higher prevalence of TOD and CVRF, used more complex therapies, experienced more hypoglycemic episodes in the previous year and had more weight gain. In the multivariate analysis, the absence of insulin treatment, the absence of abdominal obesity and atherogenic dyslipidemia, a duration of the diabetes <10 years and an age >70 years were associated with improved glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus are highly prevalent in Spain. Factors associated with poorer glycemic control include the complexity of both the disease and the hypoglycemic therapy, a history of hypoglycemia and weight gain.

Spasticity in multiple sclerosis: results of a patient survey.

Information regarding the epidemiology of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in Spain is limited. This cross-sectional survey-based study was undertaken to evaluate the symptoms, severity and consequences of MS-related spasticity (MSS) and to estimate the prevalence of MSS overall and according to the degree of severity (mild/moderate/severe). Adult MS patients (n = 8463) from the two main Spanish MS patients' associations were asked to complete a web-based questionnaire. Two thousand six hundred twenty seven responses were received, of which 2029 were valid for analysis. Two thirds were for women. The mean age of respondents was 40.2 years and the mean MS duration was 8.7 years. MSS was reported by 65.7% of respondents with 40% of these rating it as moderate/severe. MS patients with spasticity experienced more symptoms (including greater difficulty walking), consumed more healthcare resources (including care and rehabilitation sessions), and had a higher degree of disability than patients without spasticity. There was a significant correlation between increasing severity of spasticity and worsening of symptoms. Only 42.4% of patients with moderate spasticity and 52.6% of patients with severe spasticity were currently receiving antispasticity medication compared with 69% and 79%, respectively, reported in a similar survey-based study from the United States; this is likely to reflect regional variations in practice. Early and effective treatment of MSS is important to minimise the consequences of spasticity-related symptoms on patients' quality of life and the economic burden on healthcare systems. In appropriate patients, antispastic treatment, including pharmacotherapy and physiotherapy/rehabilitation, may provide such benefits.

Control de la presión arterial en una población hipertensa diabética asistida en atención primaria. «Estudio PRESCAP-Diabetes» / Blood pressure control in a diabetic hypertensive population attended in primary care setting. “PRESCAP-Diabetes study”

Objetivos: Conocer el grado de control de la PA en una amplia muestra de pacientes hipertensos diabéticos atendidos en atención primaria, y determinar los factores asociados al mal control tensional. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal y multicéntrico que incluyó a hipertensos diabéticos de 18 años o más, reclutados mediante muestreo consecutivo por médicos de familia de toda España. La medida de PA se realizó siguiendo normas estandarizadas, calculándose la media aritmética de al menos 2 tomas sucesivas separadas entre sí 2 minutos. Se consideró buen control de la HTA al promedio de PA inferior a 140/90mmHg según recomienda la European Society Hypertension (ESH 2009). Se evaluó igualmente el porcentaje de pacientes con PA por debajo de 130/80mmHg (ESH 2007 y American Diabetes Association 2010). Se registraron datos sociodemográficos, clínicos, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, trastornos clínicos asociados y tratamientos farmacológicos. Resultados: Se incluyeron a 2.752 pacientes (55,6% mujeres) con una edad media de 67,1 (9,8) años. El 64,3% presentaba dislipemia, 61,8% sedentarismo, 46,5% obesidad, 41,2% antecedentes de ECV y el 16,0% tabaquismo. El 66,1% recibía terapia combinada (2 fármacos 43,5%, 3 fármacos17,9% y 4 fármacos o más 4,7%). Siguiendo las recomendaciones de 2009 el 47,3% (IC 95%: 45,4–49,2) presentó buen control de PAS y PAD, 50,2% (IC 95%: 48,3–52,1) solo de PAS y el 79,8% (IC 95%: 78,3–81,3) únicamente de PAD; considerando los criterios de 2007 el 15,1% (IC 95%: 13,8–16,4) mostró buen control de PAS y PAD, 22,5% (IC 95%: 20,9–24,1) de PAS y el 38,2% (IC 95%: 36,4–40,0) de PAD. La obesidad, el sedentarismo y no haber tomado la medicación el día de la visita fueron los factores que más se asociaron al mal control de la HTA (χ2 de Wald; p<0,01)...(AU)

Objectives: To know the grade of blood pressure (BP) control in a large sample of diabetic hypertensive patients attended in Primary Care (PC) and to determine the factors associated to poor blood pressure control. Material and methods: A cross-sectional and multicenter study that included diabetic hypertensive subjects of 18 years or older, recruited by consecutive sampling by family doctors throughout Spain. The measurement of BP was performed following standardized guidelines, calculating the arithmetic mean of at least two successive measurements separated by two minutes. Good control of arterial hypertension (AHT) was considered to be the average of BP lower than 140/90mmHg as recommended by the European Society Hypertension (ESH 2009). The percentage of patients with BP below 130/80mmHg (ESH 2007 and American Diabetes Association 2010) was also evaluated. Socio-demographic, clinical data, cardiovascular risk factors, associated clinical disorders and drug treatments were also recorded. Results: A total of 2752 patients (55.6% women) with a mean (SD) age of 67.1 (9.8) years were included. Of these, 64.3% presented dyslipidemia, 61.8% sedentary life style, 46.5% obesity, 41.2% background of cardiovascular disease and 16.0% smoked. A total of 66.1% received combined therapy (two drugs 43.5%, three 17.9% and four or more 4.7%). Following the 2009 recommendations, 47.3% (95% CI: 45.4–49.2) had good control of the systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), 50.2% (95% CI: 48.3–52.1) only of the SBP and 79.8% (95% CI: 78.3–81.3) only of DBP. Considering the 2007 criteria, 15.1% (95% CI: 13.8–16.4) showed good control of SBP and DBP, 22.5% (95% CI: 20.9–24.1) of SBP and 38.2% (95% CI: 36.4–40.0) of DBP. Obesity, sedentary life, and not having taken the medication on the day of the visit were the factors that were most associated to the poor control of AHT (Wald χ2; p<0.01)...(AU)