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1.
Diabetes Obes Metab ; 26(7): 2624-2633, 2024 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38603589

ABSTRACT

AIM: To develop and employ machine learning (ML) algorithms to analyse electrocardiograms (ECGs) for the diagnosis of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used motif and discord extraction techniques, alongside long short-term memory networks, to analyse 12-lead, 10-s ECG tracings to detect CAN in patients with diabetes. The performance of these methods with the support vector machine classification model was evaluated using 10-fold cross validation with the following metrics: accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS: Among 205 patients (mean age 54 ± 17 years, 54% female), 100 were diagnosed with CAN, including 38 with definite or severe CAN (dsCAN) and 62 with early CAN (eCAN). The best model performance for dsCAN classification was achieved using both motifs and discords, with an accuracy of 0.92, an F1 score of 0.92, a recall at 0.94, a precision of 0.91, and an excellent AUC of 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91-0.94). For the detection of any stage of CAN, the approach combining motifs and discords yielded the best results, with an accuracy of 0.65, F1 score of 0.68, a recall of 0.75, a precision of 0.68, and an AUC of 0.68 (95% CI 0.54-0.81). CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the potential of using ML techniques, particularly motifs and discords, to effectively detect dsCAN in patients with diabetes. This approach could be applied in large-scale screening of CAN, particularly to identify definite/severe CAN where cardiovascular risk factor modification may be initiated.


Subject(s)
Artificial Intelligence , Diabetic Neuropathies , Electrocardiography , Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Male , Diabetic Neuropathies/diagnosis , Diabetic Neuropathies/physiopathology , Electrocardiography/methods , Adult , Aged , Algorithms , Machine Learning , Support Vector Machine , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/diagnosis
2.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 60(4)2024 Mar 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38674218

ABSTRACT

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system characterized by autoimmune-mediated damage to oligodendrocytes and subsequent myelin destruction. Clinical implications: Clinically, the disease presents with many symptoms, often evolving over time. The insidious onset of MS often manifests with non-specific symptoms (prodromal phase), which may precede a clinical diagnosis by several years. Among them, headache is a prominent early indicator, affecting a significant number of MS patients (50-60%). Results: Headache manifests as migraine or tension-type headache with a clear female predilection (female-male ratio 2-3:1). Additionally, some disease-modifying therapies in MS can also induce headache. For instance, teriflunomide, interferons, ponesimod, alemtuzumab and cladribine are associated with an increased incidence of headache. Conclusions: The present review analyzed the literature data on the relationship between headache and MS to provide clinicians with valuable insights for optimized patient management and the therapeutic decision-making process.


Subject(s)
Headache , Multiple Sclerosis , Humans , Multiple Sclerosis/complications , Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy , Headache/etiology , Female , Migraine Disorders/drug therapy , Migraine Disorders/complications , Migraine Disorders/etiology , Toluidines/therapeutic use , Toluidines/adverse effects , Crotonates/therapeutic use , Hydroxybutyrates , Nitriles/therapeutic use , Nitriles/adverse effects , Tension-Type Headache/etiology , Male , Cladribine/therapeutic use
3.
Cardiovasc Diabetol ; 22(1): 218, 2023 08 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37620935

ABSTRACT

AIMS: As cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), we aimed to find important factors that predict cardiovascular (CV) risk using a machine learning (ML) approach. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a single center, observational study in a cohort of 238 DM patients (mean age ± SD 52.15 ± 17.27 years, 54% female) as a part of the Silesia Diabetes-Heart Project. Having gathered patients' medical history, demographic data, laboratory test results, results from the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (assessing diabetic peripheral neuropathy) and Ewing's battery examination (determining the presence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy), we managed use a ML approach to predict the occurrence of overt CVD on the basis of five most discriminative predictors with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.86 (95% CI 0.80-0.91). Those features included the presence of past or current foot ulceration, age, the treatment with beta-blocker (BB) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi). On the basis of the aforementioned parameters, unsupervised clustering identified different CV risk groups. The highest CV risk was determined for the eldest patients treated in large extent with ACEi but not BB and having current foot ulceration, and for slightly younger individuals treated extensively with both above-mentioned drugs, with relatively small percentage of diabetic ulceration. CONCLUSIONS: Using a ML approach in a prospective cohort of patients with DM, we identified important factors that predicted CV risk. If a patient was treated with ACEi or BB, is older and has/had a foot ulcer, this strongly predicts that he/she is at high risk of having overt CVD.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases , Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetic Neuropathies , Humans , Female , Male , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Machine Learning , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology
4.
Clin Case Rep ; 10(10): e6400, 2022 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36213004

ABSTRACT

We report a 49-year-old patient with COVID-19 who developed lung abscess, pleural empyema, and tracheo-esophageal fistula. He underwent cervicotomy, segmental tracheal resection, esophageal-tracheal fistula excision, and suturing the esophagus, and a classic thoracotomy was performed. Despite the severe infection, the patient was discharged home after successful surgical treatment.

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