ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study evaluated the risk posed by attachment type in the development of anxiety or depression symptomatology in Mexican adults. DESIGN AND METHODS: This was case-control study in which anxiety and depression symptomatology levels were compared according to the attachment type reported by 3,666 participants. FINDINGS: It was found that insecure attachment is a risk factor (p≤.001) for the development of severe levels of depression (OR = 2.12, CI 95%: 1.66-2.70) and anxiety symptomatology (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.30-1.77). Findings are discussed based on their implications for psychiatric nursing practice. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The findings of this study enable nurses to consider the empirical validity of attachment theory for studying psychosocial aspects of mental health and to design intervention strategies that promote secure attachment in populations without psychiatric diagnoses to prevent anxiety and depression symptomatology.
Subject(s)
Depression , Object Attachment , Adult , Anxiety , Case-Control Studies , Humans , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la estructura factorial del cuestionario BDI-II en población abierta del sureste de México. Método: Se recolectaron aplicaciones del BDI-II en una muestra de 3701 habitantes del municipio de Oaxaca de Juárez de siete colonias diferentes. Se describen las características generales de la población y se contrasta el ajuste de la estructura a los datos de la muestra con cinco estructuras factoriales propuestas en estudios de validación psicométrica anteriores por medio del análisis factorial confirmatorio. Así mismo, se determinó la confiabilidad total de la prueba. Resultados: El análisis confirmatorio muestra que los datos se ajustan a la estructura teórica propuesta por Beck, Steer y Brown con dos modificaciones. Las otras estructuras analizadas tienen índices de ajuste menos satisfactorios. La confiabilidad total de la prueba fue de .92. Discusión y conclusión: Se discuten algunas razones por las cuales los resultados de este trabajo difieren de los reportados en investigaciones anteriores y la importancia del análisis psicométrico adecuado para pruebas utilizadas en distintas poblaciones de estudio.
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the factorial structure of the BDI-II questionnaire in the open population of southeastern Mexico. Method: BDI-II applications were collected in a sample of 3,701 inhabitants of the municipality of Oaxaca de Juarez from seven different colonies. The general characteristics of the population are described and the adjustment of the structure to the data of the sample is contrasted with five factorial structures proposed in previous psychometric validation studies by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Likewise, the total reliability of the test was determined. Results: The confirmatory analysis shows that the data conform to the theoretical structure proposed by Beck, Steer and Brown with two modifications. The other structures analyzed have less satisfactory adjustment indices. The total reliability of the test was .92. Discussion and conclusion: We discuss some reasons why the results of this work differ from those reported in previous research and the importance of adequate psychometric analysis for tests used in different study populations.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar si existe relación entre los estilos de apego, la ansiedad y la depresión en adultos con la presencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT). Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en Oaxaca de Juárez (México) con una muestra no probabilística de 3684 adultos. Se identificaron como casos las personas con alguna enfermedad crónica no transmisible previamente diagnosticada (n = 464), y los controles fueron sujetos aparentemente sanos (n = 3.220). Se utilizaron el Cartes: Modéles Individuels de Relation (CAMIR), el Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II y el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck. Resultados. Quienes presentan alguna ECNT tienen mayor edad y menor escolaridad que quienes no presentan alguna ECNT. De similar manera, sus puntuaciones en apego preocupado, apego rechazante, ansiedad y depresión son mayores. Se encontraron correlaciones positivas entre los apegos inseguros (preocupado y rechazante) y la ansiedad y la depresión, mientras que con el apego seguro las correlaciones fueron negativas. Se identificaron como factores asociados a enfermedades crónica no transmisibles el apego rechazante, la ansiedad y la edad. Conclusiones. El apego rechazante es factor de riesgo para enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, y dado que el apego se desarrolla en la infancia, puede tener implicaciones para la prevención.
ABSTRACT Objective. To determine whether there is a relationship between attachment styles, anxiety and depression in adults with the presence of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs). Materials and methods. A case-control study was conducted in Oaxaca de Juárez, Mexico with a non-probabilistic sample of 3,684 adults. People with a previously diagnosed non-communicable chronic disease (n = 464) were identified as cases, and the control subjects were apparently healthy (n = 3,220). The Cartes: Modéles Individuels de Relation (CAMIR), the Beck-II Depression Inventory and the Beck's Anxiety inventory were used. Results. Subjects with CNCDs are older and less-schooled than those without CNCDs. In a similar way, their scores on preoccupied attachment, rejection attachment, anxiety and depression are greater. Positive correlations were found between insecure attachments (preoccupied and rejection) and anxiety and depression, while with the secure attachment correlations were negative. Rejection attachment, anxiety, and age were identified as factors associated with chronic non-communicable diseases. Conclusion. Rejection attachment is a risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases, and since attachment is developed in childhood, there may be implications for prevention.