ABSTRACT
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affected the school-aged population because of the disease itself and due to the measures applied for prevention and control of the infection. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of population-based vaccination against COVID-19 on the incidence of infection in school settings. Material and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of COVID-19 cases and school outbreaks was carried out at the province level. Students, teachers and staff from different educational stages of the schools were included. The outcome measure was the incidence according to educational stage, case profile and clinic during the first of the academic year 2020/2021 versus the same period 2021/2022. Results: The total incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in classrooms was 2,470 cases per 100,000 population in the first trimester of the academic year 2020/2021 and 2,720 cases per 100,000 population in the same period 2021/2022. The number of reported school outbreaks was 7 times higher in this second period; and the risk of infection in classrooms over 12 years of age (students and teachers) was reduced by 43.1% (vaccinated in high percentage). Conclusions: This study shows a reduction in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in students of higher educational stages (secondary and high school) during the first of the academic year 2021/2022 (group with high vaccination coverage at the beginning of the period) compared to the previous school year (without vaccination).
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Vaccine-preventable infectious diseases are a cause of morbidity and mortality in transplanted children. The main objective of this study was to synthesize the available evidence of vaccination coverage in children and adolescents who are candidates or transplant recipients and to analyze beliefs, attitudes, and experiences about vaccination. METHODS: A mixed-methods systematic review was performed (Open Science Framework registration: https://osf.io/auqn3/). Searches were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, IBECS and LILACS (from January 2000 to August 2021) and in gray literature. Quantitative and qualitative studies reported information on coverage, beliefs, attitudes and/or experiences about recommended vaccines in children who are candidates or recipients of solid organ or hematopoietic progenitor transplantation. Quality assessment was undertaken using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). A narrative synthesis of the studies was carried out. RESULTS: A total of thirty-two studies in thirty-five publications were included. The most studied interventions were vaccines against measles (n=21; 66%) and hepatitis B (n=20; 62%). Vaccination rates showed a high variability for the most represented vaccines (specifically, 2%-100% for measles, 0.4%-100% for hepatitis B, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and rubella), with coverages lower than 90% in at least 70% of the studies. The lowest rates were reported in post-transplantation and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Only one qualitative study was identified reporting information on beliefs and/or attitudes, although nine quantitative studies explored cognitive aspects. CONCLUSIONS: This review shows a high variability in vaccination coverage in children and adolescents who are transplant candidates or recipients, with rates lower than those recommended. Further studies would be needed to identify beliefs and attitudes about immunization in this context.
OBJETIVO: Las enfermedades infecciosas prevenibles mediante vacunación son una causa de morbilidad y mortalidad en niños trasplantados. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue sintetizar la evidencia disponible de la cobertura vacunal en niños y adolescentes candidatos o receptores de trasplante y analizar las creencias, actitudes y experiencias acerca de la vacunación. METODOS: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de métodos mixtos (registro Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/auqn3/). Se llevaron a cabo búsquedas en PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, IBECS y LILACS (desde enero de 2000 hasta agosto de 2021) y en literatura gris. Los estudios cuantitativos y cualitativos informaron sobre cobertura, creencias, actitudes y/o experiencias con respecto a cualquier vacuna recomendada en niños candidatos o receptores de trasplante de órganos sólidos y/o progenitores hematopoyéticos. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica mediante la herramienta MMAT (Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool). Se llevó a cabo una síntesis narrativa de los estudios. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron treinta y dos estudios disponibles en treinta y cinco publicaciones. Las intervenciones más estudiadas fueron las vacunas frente a sarampión (n=21; 66%) y hepatitis B (n=20; 62%). Las tasas de inmunización mostraron una alta variabilidad para las vacunas más representadas (concretamente, 2%-100% en sarampión, 0,4%-100% en hepatitis B, difteria-tétanos-tosferina y rubeola), con coberturas inferiores al 90% en al menos el 70% de los estudios. Los valores más bajos se registraron en situación postrasplante y trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos. Sólo se identificó un estudio cualitativo que incluyó información sobre creencias y/o actitudes, aunque nueve estudios cuantitativos exploraron aspectos cognitivos. CONCLUSIONES: Esta revisión muestra una elevada variabilidad en la cobertura vacunal de niños candidatos o receptores de trasplante, con cifras generalmente inferiores a las recomendadas. Sería necesario desarrollar más estudios que contribuyan a identificar creencias y actitudes sobre inmunización en este contexto.
Subject(s)
Hepatitis B , Measles , Vaccines , Child , Humans , Adolescent , Vaccination Coverage , Spain , Vaccination , AttitudeABSTRACT
Fundamentos: Las enfermedades infecciosas prevenibles mediante vacunación son una causa de morbilidad y mortalidaden niños trasplantados. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue sintetizar la evidencia disponible de la cobertura vacunal en niñosy adolescentes candidatos o receptores de trasplante y analizar las creencias, actitudes y experiencias acerca de la vacunación. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de métodos mixtos (registro Open Science Framework:https://osf.io/auqn3/). Se lleva-ron a cabo búsquedas enPubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, IBECS yLILACS (desde enero de 2000 hasta agosto de 2021) y en literatura gris. Losestudios cuantitativos y cualitativos informaron sobre cobertura, creencias, actitudes y/o experiencias con respecto a cualquier vacunarecomendada en niños candidatos o receptores de trasplante de órganos sólidos y/o progenitores hematopoyéticos. Se evaluó la calidadmetodológica mediante la herramienta MMAT (Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool). Se llevó a cabo una síntesis narrativa de los estudios. Resultados: Se incluyeron treinta y dos estudios disponibles en treinta y cinco publicaciones. Las intervenciones más estu-diadas fueron las vacunas frente a sarampión (n=21; 66%) y hepatitis B (n=20; 62%). Las tasas de inmunización mostraron una altavariabilidad para las vacunas más representadas (concretamente, 2%-100% en sarampión, 0,4%-100% en hepatitis B, difteria-téta-nos-tosferina y rubeola), con coberturas inferiores al 90% en al menos el 70% de los estudios. Los valores más bajos se registraronen situación postrasplante y trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos. Sólo se identificó un estudio cualitativo que incluyó infor-mación sobre creencias y/o actitudes, aunque nueve estudios cuantitativos exploraron aspectos cognitivos. Conclusiones: Esta revisión muestra una elevada variabilidad en la cobertura vacunal de niños candidatos o receptores detrasplante, con cifras generalmente inferiores a las...(AU)
Background: Vaccine-preventable infectious diseases are a cause of morbidity and mortality in transplanted children. Themain objective of this study was to synthesize the available evidence of vaccination coverage in children and adolescents who arecandidates or transplant recipients and to analyze beliefs, attitudes, and experiences about vaccination. Methods: A mixed-methods systematic review was performed (Open Science Framework registration:https://osf.io/auqn3/). Sear-ches were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, IBECS and LILACS (from January 2000 to August 2021) and in gray literature. Quan-titative and qualitative studies reported information on coverage, beliefs, attitudes and/or experiences about recommended vaccines inchildren who are candidates or recipients of solid organ or hematopoietic progenitor transplantation. Quality assessment was undertakenusing Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). A narrative synthesis of the studies was carried out. Results: A total of thirty-two studies in thirty-five publications were included. The most studied interventions were vaccinesagainst measles (n=21; 66%) and hepatitis B (n=20; 62%). Vaccination rates showed a high variability for the most representedvaccines (specifically, 2%-100% for measles, 0.4%-100% for hepatitis B, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and rubella), with coverageslower than 90% in at least 70% of the studies. The lowest rates were reported in post-transplantation and hematopoietic stem celltransplantation. Only one qualitative study was identified reporting information on beliefs and/or attitudes, although nine quantitativestudies explored cognitive aspects. Conclusions: This review shows a high variability in vaccination coverage in children and adolescents who are transplantcandidates or recipients, with rates lower than those recommended. Further studies would be needed to identify beliefs and attitudesabout immunization in this context.(AU)
