The role of natural killer cells in anti-infection and tumor therapy / 细胞与分子免疫学杂志

Natural killer (NK) cells are an important part of the body's innate immune system. As the first line of defense against pathogens, they need to be transformed into a mature state under the control of various cell signaling molecules and transcription factors to play cytotoxic and immune regulatory roles. Under the interaction of activated receptors and inhibitory receptors, NK cells are activated to perform a direct cell killing effect by secreting perforin and granzyme, or indirectly eliminate pathogenic microorganisms in the body by secreting various cytokines, such as type I and type II interferons. These functions of NK cells play a very important role in antiviral and anti-autoimmune diseases, especially in anti-tumor.

Effects of synonymous codon usage bias on mRNA half-life and translational regulation / 生物工程学报

With the widespread application of genomics and transcriptomics in the genetics and cell biology of different species, synonymous codon usage bias has been gradually accepted and used to study the deep connection between biological evolution and biological phenotypes. It is an important part of the life activities that mRNA is expressed into proteins with normal biological activities. The synonymous codon usage patterns, which were named as 'the second genetic codon', can express genetic information carried by themselves at the levels of transcriptional regulations, translational regulations and metabolic activities through molecular mechanisms such as fine-tune translation selection. Some studies have shown that the length of mRNA half-life has significant impacts on mRNA activity and the process of transcription and translation. This review summarized the roles of synonymous codon usage patterns in transcription, translational regulation and post-translational modification, with the aim to better understand how organisms skillfully utilize the genetic effects caused by codon usage patterns to accurately synthesize different types of proteins, so as to ensure the growth or differentiation of the specific gene expression procedures to carry out smoothly and maintain the normal life cycle.

Xuebijing injection improve pulmonary vascular barrier function in ARDS by up-regulating claudin-5 expression through PI3K/Akt/FOXO1 signaling pathway / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To study the signaling pathway of the up-regulation of claudin-5 expression by Xuebijing injection.Methods:Animal and cell models of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). ① In vivo study, 20 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, LPS group (LPS injection 10 mg/kg for 12 hours), Xuebijing control group (Xuebijing injection 1 mg/kg, twice a day, for 3 days), and Xuebijing intervention group (LPS injection after pretreatment of Xuebijing injection), according to random number method with 5 rats in each group. The lung tissues were taken to detect lung dry/wet weight ratio (W/D) and the morphological changes in each group. Claudin-5, phosphorylated forkhead box transcription factor O1 (p-FOXO1), total FOXO1 (t-FOXO1), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and total Akt (t-Akt) in lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining (IHC) and Western blotting. ② In vitro study, human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were divided into 6 groups (5 holes in each group): control group, Xubijing control group (incubated with 2 g/L Xubijing for 24 hours), phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) signaling pathway LY294002 control group (incubated with 10 μmol/L LY294002 for 1 hour), LPS group (incubated with 1 mg/L LPS for 12 hours), Xubijing intervention group (incubated with 2 g/L Xuebijing for 24 hours, then with 1 mg/L LPS for 12 hours) and LY294002 intervention group (incubated with 10 μmol/L LY294002 for 1 hour, then with 2 g/L and Xubijing for 24 hours, and then with 1 mg/L LPS for 12 hours). The expression levels of claudin-5, p-FOXO1, t-FOXO1, p-Akt and t-Akt of HPMECs in each group were assessed by Western blotting. Results:In vivo study: ① Compared with the control group, the lung W/D ratio increased significantly in LPS group (6.79±0.42 vs. 4.19±0.13), and decreased significantly after the intervention of Xuebijing (4.92±0.38 vs. 6.79±0.42, P < 0.01). ② Morphological changes of lung tissue: compared with the control group, the injury of lung tissue in LPS group was more serious, which was significantly improved after Xuebijing intervention. ③ Expression levels of claudin-5, p-Akt/t-Akt and p-FOXO1/t-FOXO1: the expression levels of claudin-5, p-Akt/t-Akt and p-FOXO1/t-FOXO1 in LPS group were significantly decreased as compared with the control group (claudin-5/GAPDH: 0.33±0.03 vs. 1.03±0.07, p-Akt/t-Akt: 0.18±0.02 vs. 1.01±0.13, p-FOXO1/t-FOXO1: 0.16±0.06 vs. 1.00±0.19, all P < 0.01). After the intervention of Xuebijing, the expression levels were significantly increased as compared with the LPS group (claudin-5/GAPDH: 0.53±0.05 vs. 0.33±0.03, p-Akt/t-Akt: 0.56±0.12 vs. 0.18±0.02, p-FOXO1/t-FOXO1: 0.68±0.10 vs. 0.16±0.06, all P < 0.01). In vitro study: compared with the control group, the expression level of claudin-5 in the LPS group was significantly decreased (claudin-5/β-actin: 0.45±0.03 vs. 1.01±0.15, P < 0.01), and the expression level of claudin-5 in Xuebijing intervention group was also significantly decreased (claudin-5/β-actin: 0.80±0.08 vs. 1.01±0.15, P < 0.01). After the intervention of LY294002, the expression of claudin-5 was significantly decreased as compared with the Xubijing intervention group (claudin-5/β-actin: 0.41±0.02 vs. 0.80±0.08, P < 0.01). Conclusion:Xuebijing injection improve pulmonary vascular barrier function in rats with ARDS by up-regulating claudin-5 expression through PI3K/Akt/FOXO1 signaling pathway.

Changes of sensitive microbial community in oil polluted soil in the coastal area in Shandong, China for ecorestoration.

Oil spills have an important threat to the ecological security and human health, for example the important oil field and coastal wetland Yellow River Delta is facing the dual problems of oil pollution and salinization. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the changes of soil microbial community and physicochemical properties, including pH value, total organic carbon (TOC), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and electrical conductivity under the combined effect of petroleum and salinization. The soil properties results showed that the petroleum addition promoted the increase of TOC from 2.31 ± 0.59 mg/kg to 7.04 ± 0.42 mg/kg (r > 0.95, P < 0.1, R2 > 0.9), TPHs from 9.18 ± 0.07 mg/kg to 33.09 ± 4.61 mg/kg (r > 0.9, P < 0.05, R2 > 0.9) significantly. At the initial stage hydrocarbons caused the increase of soil salt content and the decrease of pH. Salt addition increased soil salt from 2.46 ± 0.13 g/kg to 15.12 ± 0.21 g/kg (r > 0.8, P > 0.1, R2 > 0.95), but it had no direct effect on other soil properties. It was found that the nitrate reducing bacteria Halorhodospiraceae with potential petroleum degradation ability and the anaerobic bacteria Lactobacilliceae appeared after adding crude oil. The salt tolerant bacteria Halobacilli and the stone oil degrading bacteria Immundisolidcharacter appeared in the high salt and low salt environments respectively. The aerobic bacteria Acidimicrobiaceae, Hyphomonas and the nonoil efficient Peptoccaceae disappeared in the process of salinization and oil pollution. Lactobacilliceae can ferment carbohydrate, fatty acid or ester to produce lactic acid, acetic acid and fumaric acid to provide metabolic substrate for other microorganisms. The above results showed that sensitive microorganisms were easy to be affected by pollution to indicate soil conditions, while tolerant microorganisms could potentially use oil to achieve bioremediation. The soil properties and microbial results provided data support and theoretical basis for further understanding the pollution mechanism of oil and salinization combined stress on soil.

Progress of interleukin-6 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

In recent years, the relationship between inflammation and the occurrence and development of cancer has attracted widespread attentions. As a pro-inflammatory factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a certain role in promoting cancer progression, and it is an important activating factor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Many studies have shown that continuous activation of the IL-6 and STAT3 signaling pathway can induce the abnormal expression of oncogenes related to cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation in colorectal cancer. This article reviews the role of IL-6 and STAT3 signaling pathway in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer, as well as the clinical value of this signaling pathway in the prognostic evaluation and treatment of colorectal cancer, in order to provide certain theoretical basis for the disease monitoring, prognostic evaluation and treatment of colorectal cancer.

Characterization of Brain Microstructural Abnormalities in High Myopia Patients: A Preliminary Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Study

Objective@#To evaluate microstructural damage in high myopia (HM) patients using 3T diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). @*Materials and Methods@#This prospective study included 30 HM patients and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) with DKI. Kurtosis parameters including kurtosis fractional anisotropy (FA), mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (AK), and radial kurtosis (RK) as well as diffusion metrics including FA, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity derived from DKI were obtained. Group differences in these metrics were compared using tract-based spatial statistics. Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate correlations between microstructural changes and disease duration. @*Results@#Compared to HCs, HM patients showed significantly reduced AK, RK, MK, and FA and significantly increased AD, predominately in the bilateral corticospinal tract, right inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and left thalamus (all p < 0.05, threshold-free cluster enhancement corrected). In addition, DKI-derived kurtosis parameters (AK, RK, and MK) had negative correlations (r = -0.448 to -0.376, all p < 0.05) and diffusion parameter (AD) had positive correlations (r = 0.372 to 0.409, all p < 0.05) with disease duration. @*Conclusion@#HM patients showed microstructural alterations in the brain regions responsible for motor conduction and visionrelated functions. DKI is useful for detecting white matter abnormalities in HM patients, which might be helpful for exploring and monitoring the pathogenesis of the disease.

Effect of the active cycle of breathing technique on respiratory muscle training in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT) on respiratory muscle training in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery.Methods:A quasi-experimental trial was performed. Patients were allocated to the control group or intervention group according to their time of admission. Patients who were admitted to hospital from January 2019 to April 2019 were assigned to the control group and patients admitted from May 2019 to October 2019 were allocated to the intervention group. The control group ( n=84) received routine perioperative care, and the intervention group ( n=82) received ACBT in addition to routine perioperative care. Patients in both groups were trained 3 to 5 times a day throughout their stay in the hospital. The primary outcome measure was maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), peak of expiratory flow (PEF), forced vital capacity (FVC). Other outcomes included the postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC), days of postoperative hospital stay. Results:The MIP, PEF, FVC value of the control group 3 days after extubation were (64.77±9.80) cmH 2O (1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa), (139.52±23.74) L/min, (1.07±0.20) L, the intervention group were (69.89±10.92) cmH 2O, (150.37±28.65) L/min, (1.15±0.22)L, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t values were -3.177,-2.657,-2.409, P <0.05). The MIP, PEF, FVC value of the control group 5 days after extubation were (71.13±8.64) cmH 2O, (270.48±44.36) L/min, (2.02±0.29) L, the intervention group were (74.72±12.48) cmH 2O, (287.07±58.61) L/min, (2.21±0.35) L, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t values were -2.161,-2.060,-3.605, P <0.05). The days of postoperative hospital stay of control group and intervention group were (8.15±0.98) and (7.80±1.23) d, there were significant differences ( t value was 2.021, P <0.05). Conclusions:ACBT is an effective and economical pulmonary rehabilitation method, it has effect on Respiratory Muscle Training in Patients Undergoing CABG surgery.

Characterization of Brain Microstructural Abnormalities in High Myopia Patients: A Preliminary Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Study

Objective@#To evaluate microstructural damage in high myopia (HM) patients using 3T diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). @*Materials and Methods@#This prospective study included 30 HM patients and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) with DKI. Kurtosis parameters including kurtosis fractional anisotropy (FA), mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (AK), and radial kurtosis (RK) as well as diffusion metrics including FA, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity derived from DKI were obtained. Group differences in these metrics were compared using tract-based spatial statistics. Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate correlations between microstructural changes and disease duration. @*Results@#Compared to HCs, HM patients showed significantly reduced AK, RK, MK, and FA and significantly increased AD, predominately in the bilateral corticospinal tract, right inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and left thalamus (all p < 0.05, threshold-free cluster enhancement corrected). In addition, DKI-derived kurtosis parameters (AK, RK, and MK) had negative correlations (r = -0.448 to -0.376, all p < 0.05) and diffusion parameter (AD) had positive correlations (r = 0.372 to 0.409, all p < 0.05) with disease duration. @*Conclusion@#HM patients showed microstructural alterations in the brain regions responsible for motor conduction and visionrelated functions. DKI is useful for detecting white matter abnormalities in HM patients, which might be helpful for exploring and monitoring the pathogenesis of the disease.

Uncertainty stress, and its impact on disease fear and prevention behaviors during the COVID-19 epidemic in China: A panel study

ObjectiveTo examine changing trends of uncertainty stress, and its impact on disease fear and prevention behaviors during the Chinese COVID-19 epidemic using a prospective observational study. MethodsThe study employed a longitudinal design. Participants were recruited for an online panel survey from chat groups on social media platforms. There were 5 waves of interviews. Information on uncertainty stress and related variables were collected via the online survey. Descriptive statistics and the GIM program were used for data analysis. ResultsParticipants numbered 150 for the linkable baseline survey and 102 (68%) for the final survey. Uncertainty stress({beta}: -0.047, S.E: 0.118, p>0.05) did not show a statistically significant temporal change trend over the observation period. Disease fear manifested a statistically significant downwards trend ({beta}: -0.342, S.E: 0.157, p<0.05), and prevention behaviors indicated an upwards trend ({beta}: 0.048, S.E: 0.021, p<0.05) during the observation period. Uncertainty stress was positively associated with disease fear ({beta}: 0.45046, S.E: 0.05964, p<0.0001), and negatively associated with self-efficacy ({beta}: -0.6698, S.E: 0.01035, p<0.0001), and prevention behaviors ({beta}:-0.02029, S.E: 0.00876, p: 0.0209). ConclusionThis study yielded new information about uncertainty stress among Chinese people during the COVID-19 epidemic. Policy changes and public education are essential for minimizing the negative effects of uncertainty stress in disease prevention.

Serum SARS-COV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein：A Sensitivity and Specificity Early Diagnostic Marker for SARS-COV-2 Infection

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the diagnostic value of serum severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid(N) protein assay in the early stage of SARS-COV-2 infection. MethodSerum N protein in SARS-COV-2 infected patients and non-SARS-COV-2 infected population was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) double antibody sandwich assay. Colloidal gold immunochromatography assay is used to detect serum N protein antibodies in the above population. Results50 cases of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positive and SARS-CoV-2 antibody negative patients had a serum N protein positive rate of 76%, including 2% with a concentration of 10.00-49.99 pg / mL, 8% with a concentration of 50.00-99.99 pg / mL, 22% with a concentration of 100.00 - 299.99 pg/mL, and 44% with a concentration[≥] 300.00 pg / mL. 37 samples of patients with serum SARS-CoV-2 antibody positive after infection had a serum SARS-CoV-2 N protein positive rate of 2.7%, of which 2.7% had the concentration of 10.00-49.99 pg / mL and 0% had the concentration of 50.00-99.99 pg / mL, 100.00 -299.99 pg / mL, and >300.00 pg / mL. Serum N protein test results of 633 non-SARS-COV-2 infected patients including pregnant women, other respiratory infections, and increased rheumatoid factor were all negative, having a serum N protein concentration less than 10.00 pg/mL, with a specificity of 100%. Using SPSS 19.0 to calculate the receiver operating characteristic curve, the area under the curve was 0.9756 (95% confidence interval 0.9485-1.000, p <0.0001), sensitivity and specificity were 92% (95% confidence interval 81.16% to 96.85%) and 96.84% (95% confidence interval 95.17% to 97.15%). The best CUTOFF value is 1.850 pg / mL. ConclusionThe measurement of SARS-COV-2 serum N protein has a high diagnostic value for the infected patients before the antibody appears, and shortens the window period of serological diagnosis. The laboratory needs to establish an individual CUTOFF value according to purpose of the application.

Application of early exercise safety management in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of early exercise safety management in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit (ICU).Methods:A prospective historical control observation was conducted. Forty-five patients with severe respiratory failure undergoing mechanical ventilation admitted to the ICU of Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from April to June in 2019 were enrolled in the observation group and implemented early exercise safety management, including establishing multidisciplinary safety management team with ICU doctors, ICU nurses, respiratory therapists, rehabilitation therapists, dietitians and psychological consultants to jointly develop early exercise plan; equipping with sports and safety protection equipment; assessing the early exercise risks, formulating early exercise prescriptions; formulating the nutritional and psychological prescriptions; carrying out the propaganda and education in the early exercise process of patients and communicating with patients timely; strengthening team training. Other 45 patients with severe respiratory failure admitted for mechanical ventilation from January to March in 2019 were enrolled in the control group, whose gender, age and artificial airway conditions were matched with those in the observation group. Routine mechanical ventilation nursing was performed, including condition monitoring, medication nursing, environmental management and routine examination assistance. The improvement of depression, anxiety, comfort, lung function, and quality of life before and after nursing intervention were observed, and the occurrence of complications was recorded.Results:There was no significant difference in gender, age or artificial airway conditions between the two groups. Before nursing intervention, there was no significant difference in depression, anxiety, comfort, lung function and quality of life between the two groups. After the intervention of different nursing programs, the above conditions of the two groups were significantly improved, and the improvement was more significant in the observation group, which showed that the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD) score and forced vital capacity (FVC) of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group [HAD score: 10.80±2.54 vs. 17.51±3.66, FVC (L): 1.81±0.42 vs. 2.23±0.39, both P < 0.01], while the general comfort questionnaire (GCQ) score, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, FEV1 percentage of predicted (FEV1%) and each dimension score of 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) scale were significantly higher than those of the control group [GCQ score: 110.87±5.33 vs. 96.93±3.02, FEV1 (L): 1.99±0.37 vs. 1.71±0.15, FEV1/FVC ratio: 0.88±0.04 vs. 0.84±0.03, FEV1%: (88.98±8.57)% vs. (80.41±4.45)%, mental function score: 49.74±9.88 vs. 40.17±8.95, physical function score: 27.65±9.46 vs. 20.32±9.53, social relationship score: 62.14±6.33 vs. 50.28±8.76, general health score: 38.61±8.48 vs. 30.63±8.93, all P < 0.01]. The overall incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (24.44% vs. 57.78%, P < 0.01). Conclusions:Early exercise safety management scheme for patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in ICU can improve clinical efficacy and reduce complications. At the same time, it can further standardize the behaviors of medical staff and ensure the early exercise.

Xuebijing injection attenuates hydrogen sulfide-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction by upregulating claudin-5 expression / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To study the new mechanism of Xuebijing injection improving the function of pulmonary vascular barrier from the perspective of claudin-5 protein.Methods:Acute lung injury (ALI) model was induced by hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) exposure. ① In vivo study: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control group, H 2S exposure group (exposure to 300×10 -6 H 2S for 3 hours), Xuebijing control group (Xuebijing injection 4 mL/kg, twice a day, for 3 days), and Xuebijing intervention group (H 2S exposure after pretreatment of Xuebijing injection) according to random number method, with 6 rats in each group. At different time points (0, 6, 12 and 24 hours) after the model was made successfully, the total protein content in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of rats were detected respectively, and the pulmonary permeability index (PPI) was calculated (PPI = protein content in BALF/protein content in plasma), lung dry/wet weight ratio (W/D) was detected, and claudin-5 mRNA expression in lung tissue was measured by real time-polymerase chain reaction. ② In vitro test: human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were divided into blank control group, NaHS treatment group (co-incubated with 500 μmol/L NaHS for 12 hours), Xuebijing control group (2 g/L Xuebijing injection for 24 hours), and Xuebijing intervention group (2 g/L Xuebijing injection pre-treated for 24 hours, then co-incubated with 500 μmol/L NaHS for 12 hours). The HPMECs claudin-5 protein expression and monolayer permeability changes were measured at different co-incubation time (1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours) by Western Blot and fluoresceinsodium. Results:① In vivo study: compared with the control group, the lung W/D ratio increased significantly at 6 hours and peaked at 12 hours after H 2S exposure in rats (4.67±0.11 vs. 4.26±0.06, P < 0.01). The expression of claudin-5 mRNA in lung tissue was significantly decreased, which was 89% of control group 6 hours after exposure ( P < 0.01). The total protein content in BALF and PPI at 12 hours after exposure were significantly higher than those in the control group [total protein content (mg/L): 262.31±14.24 vs. 33.30±3.09, PPI: (11.72±0.57)×10 -3 vs. (1.21±0.08)×10 -3, both P < 0.01], while the results in Xuebijing intervention group were significantly decreased [total protein content (mg/L): 153.25±7.32 vs. 262.31±14.24, PPI: (5.79±0.23)×10 -3 vs. (11.72±0.57)×10 -3, both P < 0.01]. ② In vitro test: compared with the blank control group, after incubating HPMECs with NaHS, the permeability of monolayer endothelial cells gradually increased, reaching the highest level in 12 hours, about twice of that in the blank control group, while claudin-5 protein expression decreased to the lowest level at 12 hours (claudin-5/β-actin: 0.42±0.03 vs. 1.03±0.05, P < 0.01). After intervention with Xuebijing, the permeability of endothelial cells was significantly improved (fluorescence intensity of fluorescein sodium: 1.46±0.10 vs. 1.89±0.11, P < 0.01), and the decrease of claudin-5 protein was reduced (claudin-5/β-actin: 0.68±0.04 vs. 0.38±0.03, P < 0.01). Conclusion:Xuebijing injection may improve pulmonary vascular barrier function in ALI by upregulating claudin-5 expression.

Effect of sodium arsenite exposure on nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 signaling pathway in SVEC4-10 cells / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of sodium arsenite (NaAsO 2) on transcriptional activity of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway in mouse lymph node vascular endothelial cell line (SVEC4-10). Methods:In vitro cell culture method was used to treat SVEC4-10 cells for 24 h with different doses of NaAsO 2 [0 (control), 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 150 μmol/L], and the cell viability was detected by tetrazole compound (MTS) method. The time-response relationship was studied with SVEC4-10 cells treated with 5 μmol/L NaAsO 2 for 0 (control), 2, 6 and 12 h; the dose-response relationship was studied with SVEC4-10 cells treated with 0 (control), 2, 5 and 10 μmol/L NaAsO 2 for 6 h; real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (Nqo1) and metallothionein 1 (Mt1). Establishment of Nrf2 gene stably silenced (Nrf2-KD) cells using SVEC4-10 cells, the interference control (scramble, SCR) cells and Nrf2-KD cells were treated with 0(control), 10 and 20 μmol/L NaAsO 2 for 16 h, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Results:MTS test results showed that the cell viability of the control, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 150 μmol/L NaAsO 2 treatment groups was (100.00 ± 19.53)%, (98.18 ± 9.85)%, (96.09 ± 30.04)%, (90.64 ± 8.74)%, (59.75 ± 12.09)%, (35.43 ± 8.58)%, (26.35 ± 5.89)% and (17.54 ± 4.48)%, respectivily. There was statistically significant difference in cell viability between different dose groups ( F = 18.30, P < 0.05); and the cell viability of the 20, 50, 100, 150 μmol/L NaAsO 2 treatment groups was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P < 0.05). The time-response relationship results showed that there were statistically significant differences in Nrf2, Gclc, Gclm, Nqo1 and Mt1 mRNA level between control, 2, 6 and 12 h treatment groups ( F = 56.69, 85.28, 90.82, 80.46, 758.60, P < 0.05); with extension of arsenic exposure time, the mRNA level of Nrf2, Gclc, Gclm and Mt1 first increased and then decreased, the mRNA level of Nqo1 increased continually; among them, the mRNA level of Nrf2 peaked at 2 h, the mRNA levels of Gclc, Gclm and Mt1 peaked at 6 h, and the mRNA level of Nqo1 peaked at 12 h. The dose-response relationship results showed that there were statistically significant differences in Nrf2, Gclc, Gclm, Nqo1 and Mt1 mRNA levels between control, 2, 5 and 10 μmol/L NaAsO 2 treatment groups ( F = 68.39, 72.26, 30.41, 397.00, 28.88, P < 0.05); with increasing of arsenic exposure dose, the mRNA levels of Nrf2, Gclc, Gclm, Nqo1 and Mt1 increased. The mRNA level of Nrf2 peaked at a dose of 5 μmol/L, and the mRNA levels of Gclc, Gclm, Nqo1 and Mt1 peaked at a dose of 10 μmol/L. Apoptosis test results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the apoptosis rates of SCR and Nrf2-KD cells between control, 10 and 20 μmol/L NaAsO 2 treatment groups ( F = 8.18, 9.66, P < 0.05); compared with the control group, the apoptosis rates of SCR and Nrf2-KD cells in the 20 μmol/L NaAsO 2 treatment group increased ( P < 0.05); and the apoptosis rate of Nrf2-KD cells in the 20 μmol/L NaAsO 2 treatment group was higher than that of SCR cells in the same dose group ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:NaAsO 2 exposure has caused the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway in mouse lymph node vascular endothelial cell line SVEC4-10 cells, activated the adaptive antioxidant response, and altered transcriptional activity; while silence of Nrf2 has made SVEC4-10 cells more sensitive to NaAsO 2 toxicity.

Construction and application of clinical nursing procedure of pulmonary rehabilitation for thoracoscopic surgery of lung cancer / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To construct clinical nursing procedure of pulmonary rehabilitation for thoracoscopic surgery of lung cancer, and to test its application effect.Methods:The control group ( n=41) received routine nursing care from December 2018 to May 2019; the intervention group ( n=41) received clinical nursing pathway of pulmonary rehabilitation from June to October, 2019. The 6MWT, Brog score and incidence of pulmonary complications and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results:The results showed that 6-minute walk test (6 MWT) was (471.22±54.89) m, (325.38±17.65) m, and (407.27±13.84) m before surgery, at discharge time and 30 d after discharge, in the intervention respectively, which were longer than those of the control group [(440.95±70.51) m, (306.69±21.49) m, and (355.94±26.10) m] ( t values were -2.169, -4.304, -11.128, P<0.05). The total incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications was 4.9% (2/41) in the intervention, which was less than 19.5%(8/41) in the control group ( χ2 value was 0.088, P<0.05). The values of physical function and cognitive function 30 d after surgery was 80(73, 87), 83(83, 83) in the intervention, respectively, higher than those of the control group [73 (33,80), 83 (67,100)] ( Z values were 2.862, 2.448, P<0.05). The fatigue, pain, dyspnea, insomnia and loss of appetite scores was significantly lower (P<0.05). Conclusion:Clinical nursing procedure of pulmonary rehabilitation for patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery of lung cancer can promote and conducive the cardiopulmonary endurance, reduce the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications, increase the level of physical and cognitive function, improve postoperative symptoms and the quality of life.

Progress in mucosal immune of female reproductive tract / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

The mucosal immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens such as bacteria and viruses invading the bodies. The female reproductive tract mucosal immune system not only resists the invasion of pathogens through innate and adaptive immunity, but also contribute to successfully fertilization and pregnancy, thus maintaining the health of women′s reproductive system. The innate immunity of female genital tract involves the mechanical barrier of the mucosal epithelium, microbial barrier of commensal bacteria, immunological barrier of immune cells and their receptors, and adaptive immunity including B cell-mediated humoral immunity and T cell-mediated cellular immunity. Female genital mucosal immunity is not only involved in local inflammation, but may also have anti-tumor effects. Moreover, the female genital tract mucosal immune is also regulated by sex hormone to maintain a homeostasis of local microenvironment. Herein, this paper summarized recent progress in female genital mucosal immunity.

Expression of kinesin family member C1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its correlation with prognosis and clinicopathological features / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To study the expression of kinesin family member C1 ( KIFC1 ) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and analyze its correlation with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients. Methods The expression levels of KIFC1 protein in the HCC tissues from 82 patients were determined by immunohistochemical staining. The correlation between KIFC1 protein and clinicopathological characteristics (including age, gender, tumor nodules, tumor grade, tumor volume, lymph node metastasis, and alpha-fetoprotein expression) was analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to analyze the effect of KIFC1 expression level on overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with HCC. The expression level of KIFC1 mRNA in liver cancer tissue was analyzed by GPEIA database. The correlation between KIFC1 expression and prognosis was analyzed by KM-plotter. Results KIFC1 protein is significantly overexpressed in liver cancer tissues, and its expression level is significantly correlated with tumor nodule number (P=0.023) and tumor size (P=0.011). Patients with high expression of KIFC1 had poor overall disease and disease-free survival (all P<0.05). KIFC1 mRNA is significantly overexpressed in liver cancer tissues and correlated with disease-free survival and overall survival. Conclusions The expression of KIFC1 protein is highly expressed in liver cancer tissues, and its expression level is related to the clinicopathological characteristics of liver cancer. Bioinformatics analysis results show that KIFC1 is related to the poor prognosis of patients, suggesting that KIFC1 is expected to be a potential predictor and therapeutic target for liver cancer prognosis.

Psychological distress and post-traumatic growth experience of patients with cervical cancer after chemotherapy: a qualitative study / 现代临床护理

Objective To investigate the psychological experience of psychological pain and post-traumatic growth of cervical cancer patients with postoperative chemotherapy, and provide evidence for a more comprehensive and scientific psychological intervention plan. Methods In this qualitative study, the phenomenological study method was used to conduct deep semi-structured interviews with 12 cervical cancer patients treated with postoperative chemotherapy. The collected data were summarized by Colaizzi's seven-step content analysis method. Results The analysis based on the main theme of psychological pain reached four sub-themes:practical problems, communication problems, emotional problems, physical problems and the analysis based on the main theme of posttraumatic growth reached three sub-themes: interpersonal relationships, life perceptions and personal strength, spiritual change and new possibilities. Conclusions In the postoperative chemotherapy period, patients with cervical cancer encounter psychological pain and post-traumatic growth. Health care givers should combine the positive and negative emotions of patients to consider the psychological situation and develop a practical and comprehensive psychological intervention plan for them.

The value of multiparametric MRI for predicting prostate cancer extracapsular extension / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI)for extracapsular extension (ECE)in patients with prostate cancer.Methods The imaging of prostate mpMRI was performed in 52 consecutive patients with prostate cancer,who underwent subsequent radical prostatectomy.MR images were interpreted retrospectively by one experienced radiologist, who was blinded to any clinical details.According to Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2 (PI-RADS v2),suspecious lesions were graded and recorded.Lesions with PI-RADS≥4 were further categorized in terms of ECE and correlated with radical prostatectomy pathology by using side-by-side comparison.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curves were used to calculate accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV)and negative predictive value(NPV),in order to evaluate diagnostic performance of ECE scoring system.Results Totally 55 prostate cancer foci with PI-RADS≥4 were correctly identified by the radiologist.The area under the ROC of ECE score was 0.694 (P=0.013)and ECE score 3 was considered as the best cutoff point with accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,PPV and NPV of 69.3%, 70.4%,67.9%,67.9% and 70.4%,respectively.Conclusion mpMRI is a relatively reliable noninvasive technique for assessment of ECE in clinical practice.

The event-related potentials study on empathy for pain in the subjects with autistic traits / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To study the features and neural mechanism of pain empathy in autistic individuals.MethodsTotally 21 subjects with high level autistic traits and 22 subjects with low level autism traits completed the pain empathy task,recording RT and accuracy automatically.The event-related potentials(ERPs) were recorded by Neuroscan system simultaneously.Results(1)From the behavioral results,the IRI scores of the two groups had significant differences in the factors of perspective taking ((23.71±4.16) vs (26.95±3.24)),empathy concerning ((24.10±4.04) vs (26.36±2.82)) and personal distress ((24.19±3.59) vs (19.82±3.96)) (t=-2.86,P0.05).(2) According to the behavioral result of pain empathy test,the main effect of task type in reaction time and accuracy of the two groups had significant difference (F(1,41)=24.21,P0.05,F(1,41)=0.29,P>0.05;F(1,41)=3.20,P>0.05,F(1,41)=0.14,P>0.05).(3)From the results of ERP,the main effect of emotion type,task type and group didn't reach the significant level in the N2 amplitude of the two groups(F(1,41)=0.04,P>0.05;F(1,41)=0.08,P>0.05;F(1,41)=3.86,P>0.05).The main effect of emotion type had significant difference in the P3 amplitude of the two groups(F(1,41)=8.27,P0.05,F(1,41)=0.25,P>0.05).It had significant difference in LPP amplitude in the main effect of emotion type,task type and group(F(1,41)=32.07,P<0.01;F(1,41)=8.63,P<0.01;F(1,41)=4.73,P<0.05).ConclusionsThere are differences in the abilities of empathy between the high and low level autistic traits groups,especially in the late processing of pain empathy.

Effects of custom made fiber posts on the fracture resistance of young permanent teeth treated with calcium hydroxide / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To observe the effects of custom made fiber posts on the fracture resistance of young permanent teeth treated with calcium hydroxide for different time. Methods · Forty-five extracted human young permanent teeth (premolar) were selected and randomly assigned to 9 groups.One group was the control group and the rest 8 groups were treated with conventional root canal preparation. Of these 8 groups, 4 groups (F Ⅰ , F Ⅲ , F Ⅵ ,FⅨ ) were restored by custom made fiber posts after being treated with calcium hydroxide for 1, 3, 6, and 9 months respectively, and other 4 groups (C Ⅰ ,CⅢ , C Ⅵ , C Ⅸ ) were not restored by custom made fiber posts. All samples underwent fracture strength tests and their fracture modes were analyzed for the possibility of second repair. Results · The fracture load was decreased with the treatment time after being treated with calcium hydroxide for 1 month (P<0.01). The fracture loads in groups restored by custom made fiber posts were increased after being treated with calcium hydroxide for 6 and 9 months (P<0.05, P<0.01). After being treated with calcium hydroxide for 1 month, groups restored by custom made fiber posts were likely to have fracture modes that facilitate the second repair as compared with groups not restored by custom made fiber posts (P<0.05). Conclusion · The restoration by custom made fiber posts can increase the fracture resistance of young permanent teeth treated with calcium hydroxide for medium and long term ( ≥ 1 month).