ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: It has been determined that patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe pneumonia with elevated D-dimer values can develop acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APE) as a complication, being one of the causes related to mortality in this group of patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 12 patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection with high clinical suspicion of APE confirmed by computed tomography pulmonary angiopgraphy (CTPA) was performed and the described findings are described. RESULTS: 12 patients with diagnosis of severe pneumonia, elevated D-dimer 9.2 μg / ml (1.4 - ˃20 μg / mL) and confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection through real-time reverse transcription polymerasa chain reaction (RT-PCR). APEs were observed mainly in segmental arteries (75%) and main arteries (25%). Pneumonia with patched areas of bilateral ground glass opacities was observed in 100% of the sample as a typical finding of SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2 infection is related to elevation of D-dimer and APE. The CTPA determines the diagnosis, severity and timely management (anticoagulation) of patients with APE. Therefore CTPA should be considered in all patients with elevated D-dimer or clinical worsening
INTRODUCCIÓN: Se ha determinado que los pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2 y neumonía severa con valores elevados de dímero-D, pueden desarrollar tromboembolismo pulmonar agudo (TEP) como complicación, siendo una de las causas relacionada con la mortalidad en este grupo de pacientes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de 12 pacientes con diagnóstico de infección por SARS-CoV-2 con alta sospecha clínica de APE confirmado por angio tomografia computarizada (AngioTC) y se describen los hallazgos descritos. RESULTADOS: 12 pacientes con diagnóstico de neumonía severa, dímero-D elevado 9,2 μg/ml (1,4 - ˃20 μg/ml) y confirmación de infección de SARS-CoV-2 a través de reacción en cadena de polimerasa reversa (RT-PCR). Se objetivaron TEP principalmente en arterias segmentarias (75%) y arterias principales (25%). En el 100% de la muestra se objetivó neumonía con áreas parcheadas de vidrio deslustrado bilaterales como hallazgo típico de infección por SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIÓN: La infección por SARS-CoV-2 está relacionada con elevación del dímero-D y con TEP. La angioTC determina el diagnóstico, severidad y manejo oportuno (anticoagulación) de los pacientes con TEP. Por tanto el angioTC debe ser considerado en todos los pacientes con dímero-D elevado o empeoramiento clínico
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pandemics , Pulmonary Embolism/blood , Pulmonary Embolism/virology , Biomarkers/blood , Computed Tomography Angiography , Severity of Illness Index , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , Acute DiseaseABSTRACT
The catalytic activity of Rose Bengal (RB) immobilized on supported ionic liquid (IL)-like phases was evaluated as a polymer-supported photocatalyst. In these systems, the polymer was designed to play a pivotal role. The polymeric backbone adequately modified with IL-like moieties (supported IL-like phases, SILLPs) was not just an inert support for the dye but controlled the accessibility of reagents/substrates to the active sites and provided specific microenvironments for the reaction. The structure of SILLPs could be finetuned to adjust the catalytic efficiency of the RB-SILLP composites, achieving systems that were more active and stable than the related systems in the absence of IL-like units.
ABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications , Plasmapheresis , Renal DialysisABSTRACT
Different nanostructured supports, based on 1-decyl-2-methyimidazolium cations covalently attached to a polystyrene divinylbenzene porous matrix, were used as carriers to immobilise Candida antarctica lipase B. The suitability of these immobilised lipase derivatives for the synthesis of biodiesel (methyl oleate) by the methanolysis of triolein has been tested in both tert-butanol and supercritical (sc)CO(2) (18 MPa, 45 °C) as reaction media. The use of modified supports with low ionic-liquid loading covalently attached to the main polymeric backbone chains provide structured materials that led to the best biodiesel yields (up to 95 %) and operational stability (85 % biodiesel yield after 45 cycles of 8-4 h) in scCO(2) (45 °C, 18 MPa). The presence of tert-butanol as an inert cosolvent in the scCO(2) phase at the same concentration as triolein was key to avoid poisoning the biocatalyst through the blockage of its active sites by the polar byproduct (glycerol) produced in the biodiesel synthesis.
