Psychological impact after treatment in patients with head and neck cancer

Background: Cancer is the second cause of death all over the world and it causes considerable morbidity, disability, and treatment sequela, which often lead to post-treatment pain and disfigurement. This study aims to evaluate such physical sequelae, and their psychological, (cognitive and emotional), impact, in a cohort of patients treated for Head and Neck (HNC) cancer, in search for methods to help such patients deal effectively with the psychological effects of their cancer treatments adverse consequences. Material and methods: The sample consists of 56 subjects, 47 men and 9 women, ranging from 47 years to 86 years of age, who were treated for head and neck cancers at Spanish Public General Hospital in the Otolaryngology Unit, Surgery Section. Two types of questionnaires were used in the study: the Questionnaire of Sequelae after Treatment of head and neck carcinoma and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-E and R). Results: With respect to anxiety, the study found high levels of state anxiety which was significantly associated with the degree of perception of social stigma but was not associated with the post-treatment sequelae themselves nor with the level of discomfort that such symptomatic sequelae produced. The presence of a post-surgical stoma with cannula, increased patient's stigma (both components: external rejection and self-rejection) and state anxiety ratings, while there was no difference in state anxiety between cannulated and non-cannulated patients. There are few differences between men and women in terms of the presence of anxiety and their responses are similar in terms of the after-effects of surgery. Conclusions: Our study confirmed that current treatments for Head and Neck carcinoma generate adverse symptomatic sequela that impose significant psychological and physical burden for these patients. We will discuss the various pathways for preventive intervention that these findings open up. (AU)

Burnout and Mental Interventions among Youth Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Studies.

(1) Background: The subject of athlete burnout is often discussed among sports psychologists. Interventions to reduce this phenomenon are still under investigation with follow-ups. Thus, the purpose of the current meta-analysis is to examine psychological interventions that was carried out to decrease or eliminate burnout syndrome in young athletes. (2) Methods: Scientific electronic databases were searched, and five published studies published between January and June 2022 that met the criteria were selected. The systematic review and meta-analyses followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The Cochrane collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias was used to assess the studies' quality. Metafor, a package of the R statistical program, was used to perform the analysis. (3) Results: Cognitive behavioral therapy- and mindfulness-based interventions effectively reduced most dimensions of burnout. Moreover, online interventions were significantly more beneficial in this reduction. (4) Conclusions: There should be more high-quality studies on the effectiveness of psychological interventions in reducing burnout, mainly because it leads to tremendous physical and psychological problems for athletes and their coaches; therefore, it requires particular interventions and prevention strategies.

Dimensions of Athlete-Coach Relationship and Sport Anxiety as Predictors of the Changes in Psychomotor and Motivational Welfare of Child Athletes after the Implementation of the Psychological Workshops for Coaches.

(1) Background: Coach workshops based on seven principles (inspiration, explanation, expectation, support, reward, appreciation, growth, and winning) enhance the sport experience of adult athletes. Here, we report effects of such workshops with coaches of child athletes and the predictors of those changes. (2) Methods: Study participants were 8 coaches of 57 children aged between 9 and 12 years old (girls practicing gymnastics and boys practicing football). Three coaches of 28 children attended three workshops over 12 weeks, while a control group of 5 coaches of 29 children attended no workshops. Measures of motivation, relationships, anxiety, and psychomotor performance were taken on children before and after the intervention. (3) Results: There were significant effects of the workshop on motivation and psychomotor performance. The analysis of the predictors the intervention used in this study might be effective for enhancing psychomotor performance and motivation while considering components of Athlete-Coach relationship and anxiety levels as moderators. (4) Conclusions: The beneficial effects of the workshop are encouraging but need to be investigated with higher numbers of coaches and children from various sport disciplines.

Male and female grassroots football players: Yellow, red cards and incidents. What's the difference?

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The role of achievement goals and moral disengagement in explaining moral attitudes and behaviours in sport

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Elaboración y Validación Psicometrica de la escala de personalidad resistente en maratonianos (EPRM) / Psicometric Elaboration and Validatiodn of the Resistant perosnality scale in Marathon runner

La personalidad Resistente se refiere a una constelación de características de personalidad relacionadas con las percepciones personales de control, compromiso y desafío, que ha sido ampliamente estudiada en relación con el estrés y su impacto en contextos de salud y laborales, entre otros, pero prácticamente ignorada en el ámbito deportivo. Sin embargo, las características que incluye este constructo son muy interesantes para la práctica deportiva. Una de las posibles razones de tal abandono es, probablemente, la ausencia de medidas para evaluar estas características en deportistas. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido precisamente obtener un instrumento apropiado para la evaluación de la Personalidad Resistente en maratonianos. Los resultados psicométricos obtenidos respecto a la fiabilidad y validez factorial del instrumento que presentamos, la Escala de Personalidad Resistente en Maratonianos (EPRM), avalan que se trata de un instrumento apropiado y útil para abordar el estudio de este constructo en el ámbito deportivo, del maratón en particular. Sin embargo, nuestros resultados señalan también la conveniencia de optimizar las propiedades de la EPRM (AU)

The Hardy Personality is proposed as a constellation of personality characteristics regarding personal beliefs on control, commitment and challenge, which has been widely studied in relation to stress and its impact in health- and work-settings, amongst others, but almost ignored in sport contexts. Nonetheless, the characteristics that are included in such a construct are highly interesting for sport practice. One of the possible reason for this neglect is, probably, the inexistence of tools able to measure these characteristics in sports settings. The main aim of this study was, hence, to obtain a suitable measure for the assessment of the Hardy Personality in marathon runners. The obtained results regarding the reliability and factorial validity of the scale we present, the Escala de Personalidad Resistente en Maratonianos (Hardy Personality Scale for Marathon) (EPRM), endorse that it is an appropriate and useful instrument in the approach of the study of this construct in the sport arena, and the marathon con text in particular. However, our results also point out the convenience of optimizing the properties of the EPRM (AU)