Virtual Autopsy Morphological Features of Drowning.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the application value of virtual autopsy to obtain key evidence information on drowned corpses and its application value of virtual autopsy in the diagnosis of drowning. METHODS: In this study, 7 corpses were selected as the research objects. The image data of corpses were collected by computed tomography (CT) before conventional autopsy. The characteristics of corpses were observed through image reading, combined with virtual measurement indexes, and compared with 15 non-drowned corpses. RESULTS: The postmortem CT of drowning showed the more fluid in respiratory tract than the non-drowning, and ground-glass opacities in the lung. The statistical volume of fluid in the sinus (maxillary sinus and sphenoid sinus) was (10.24±4.70) mL in drowning cases and (2.02±2.45) mL in non-drowning cases. The average CT value of fluid in the sinus, left atrial blood and gastric contents in drowning cases were (15.91±17.20), (52.57±9.24) and (10.33±12.81) HU, respectively, which were lower than those in non-drowning cases (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive consideration of multiple characteristic image manifestations and the virtual measurement indexes are helpful to the forensic pathological diagnosis of drowning. Virtual autopsy can be used as an auxiliary method in the forensic diagnosis of drowning.

Study on distribution and dynamic accumulation of catalpol and total iridoid in fresh Rehmannia glutinosa / 中国中药杂志

Iridoid glycosides were the main active ingredient of Rehmannia glutinosa, of which catalpol has the highest content. This work will provide theoretical basis for metabolic study and cultivation of iridoids on the basis of the dynamic accumulation of catalpol and total iridoids in the growth of R. glutinosa. The samples of rehmannia 85-5 were gathered in the same filed from July to October. The contents of catalpol and total iridoid glycosides were measured by HPLC and specteophotometric, respectively. The results showed that youngest leaves had the higher content of catalpol and total iridoid glyosides than that of the other two leaf ages in the same growth stage from July to September, while their content of catalpol and total iridoid glycosides were all decreased as the growth of leaves of R. glutinosa. The content of catalpol didn't differ significantly from July to September, whereas it has significantly increased in October in the three leaf stage. In the same stage, the wider the root diameter is, the higher content of the effective components are. In August and September, the total iridoid glycosides have the fastest accumulation. The content of catalpol was increased as the accumulation of total iridoid glycosides.

Analysis of genetic diversity of wild Rehmannia glutinosa by using RAPD and ISSR markers / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the genetic diversity of wild Rehmannia glutinosa and evaluate and compare random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter sample sequence repeat (ISSR) for analysis of R. glutinosa accessions.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Two molecular markers, RAPD and ISSR were used for analyzing 55 wild R. glutinosa accessions.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Average 16.00 and 19.08 bands were amplified by RAPD primers and ISSR primers respectively, and the percentage of polymorphic bands were 89.58% and 94.32% respectively; Fifty-five R. glutinosa accessions categorized into 7 clusters were identified by unweighted pair-group method, arithmetic average (UPGMA) method.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A high level of genetic diversity of wild Rehmannia glutinosa was displayed at DNA level, and genetic diversity coefficient of R. glutinosa from different production areas was 0.63-0.98, and ISSR marker can detect higher genetic diversity of R. glutinosa germplasms than RAPD marker.</p>

Study on seed testing for Salvia miltiorrhiza / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a seed testing methods for Salvia miltiorrhiza.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Referring to the International Seed Testing Rules made by ISTA and the Seed Testing for Crops (GB/T3543. 1-1995) issued by China.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The seeds are selected by winnowing; the seed purity is about 50%-60%; 100 grain weight is used to determine the quality of the seed; the seed moisture content is determined by air drying, the drying hour is 3 h. Seed viability is tested by TFC method.</p>

Comparative analysis of character on germplasm resources of Rehmannia glutinosa / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare difference in character between wild germplasm and cultivar of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Field test and statistical analysis were applied.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The results showed that the plant height and leave weight of individual plant in cultivar were decreased significantly comparing to wild germplasm, and the output was increased significantly. The leave length was reduced. The leave width, the catalpol content in leave and polysaccharides and reducing sugar content in cultivar was increased not significantly. Whereas the catalpol content and the water extract content in cultivar were equal to wild germplasm.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The plant height and leave weight of individual plant of R. glutinosa was decreased significantly in cultivar, but the active compounds content not changed obviously.</p>

Studies on diversity of quality of Forsythia suspensa / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study on diversity of quality of Forsythia suspense collected from different regions.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The hundred-seed weight of shucks was analyzed by the method of hundred grain mass. The thousand-seed weight of seeds was analyzed by the method of thousand grain mass. The contents of the active components in shucks and seeds were determined by HPLC.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The hundred-seed weight of shucks, the thousand-seed weight of seeds and the contents of the active components in the shucks and seeds from different regions were significantly different.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The quality of F. suspense from different regions is not consistant.</p>

Study on seed determination practice in Polygala tenuifolia / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To control the seed quality market, a study on the seed determination practice in Polygala tenuifolia was carried out.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>By studying the thousand grain weight moisture content, viability, genuineness, purity and germination percentage, some indices of seeds were fixed to the standards. The seed determination practice in P. tenuifolia was established.</p><p><b>RESULT AND CONCLUSION</b>The practice could be utilized to control the seed quality of P. tenuifolia.</p>

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 7-(7-aminomethyl-5-azaspiro 2,4 hept-5-yl)-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid and its analogues / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To find new antibacterial agents of quinolone with high activity and low toxicity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To design and synthesize 7-(7-aminomethyl-5-azaspiro [2,4] hept-5-yl)-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid and its analogues, and to study their antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty new compounds (2 - 11, 17 - 26) were obtained including five targeted compounds (22 - 26). The structures of the compounds were confirmed by 1HNMR, MS and HRMS. Compounds 22 - 26 showed broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Especially for compound 24, the relevant MIC values for 13 strains of Gram-positive organisms were < 0.001 - 0.03 mg(-1), including 4 strains of S. pneumoniae, 2 strains of S. pyogenes, 3 strains of S. aureus and 2 strains of Enterococci which exhibited more potent activity than contrast agents (clinafloxacin and gatifloxacin). The MIC values of 24 for 6 strains Gram-positive organisms were 0.01 - 1 mg x L(-1), which exhibited equal or lower activity than contrast agents. They were more effective than ciprofloxacin and gatifloxacin against intraperitoneal infections caused by S. pneumoniae and S. aureus in mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds (23, 24 and 26) showed excellent antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo and should be worth further investigation.</p>