Induction of nasal polyps using house dust mite and Staphylococcalenterotoxin B in C57BL/6 mice

BACKGROUND: The murine polyp model was developed previously using ovalbumin and Staphylococcus aureusenterotoxin B (SEB). Here, we established a model mimicking key aspects of chronic eosinophilic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps using the house dust mite (HDM), a clinically relevant aeroallergen, co-administered with SEB. We assessed the inflammatory response and formation of nasal polypoid lesions in an experimental murine model using intranasal delivery of HDM and ovalbumin. METHODS: After induction of HDM-induced allergic rhinosinusitis in C57BL/6 mice, SEB (10 ng) was instilled into the nasal cavity of mice for eight weeks. Phosphate-buffered saline-challenged mice served as control. Histopathological changes were evaluated using haematoxylin and eosin for overall inflammation, Sirius red for eosinophils, and periodic acid-Schiff stain for goblet cells. The distribution of mast cells in mouse nasal tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. Serum total IgE was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Compared to mice treated with HDM only, the HDM + SEB-treated mice demonstrated nasal polypoid lesion formation and a significant increase in the number of secretory cells and eosinophilic infiltration. Moreover, mice challenged intranasally with HDM showed highly abundant mast cells in the nasal mucosa. In contrast, OVA + SEB-challenged mice showed a significantly lower degree of mast cell infiltration. CONCLUSION: We established an in vivo model of chronic allergic rhinosinusitis with nasal polypoid lesions using HDM aeroallergen. This study demonstrated that the HDM + SEB-induced murine polyp model could be utilised as a suitable model for nasal polyps, especially with both eosinophil and mast cell infiltration

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Induction of nasal polyps using house dust mite and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B in C57BL/6 mice.

BACKGROUND: The murine polyp model was developed previously using ovalbumin and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB). Here, we established a model mimicking key aspects of chronic eosinophilic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps using the house dust mite (HDM), a clinically relevant aeroallergen, co-administered with SEB. We assessed the inflammatory response and formation of nasal polypoid lesions in an experimental murine model using intranasal delivery of HDM and ovalbumin. METHODS: After induction of HDM-induced allergic rhinosinusitis in C57BL/6 mice, SEB (10ng) was instilled into the nasal cavity of mice for eight weeks. Phosphate-buffered saline-challenged mice served as control. Histopathological changes were evaluated using haematoxylin and eosin for overall inflammation, Sirius red for eosinophils, and periodic acid-Schiff stain for goblet cells. The distribution of mast cells in mouse nasal tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. Serum total IgE was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Compared to mice treated with HDM only, the HDM+SEB-treated mice demonstrated nasal polypoid lesion formation and a significant increase in the number of secretory cells and eosinophilic infiltration. Moreover, mice challenged intranasally with HDM showed highly abundant mast cells in the nasal mucosa. In contrast, OVA+SEB-challenged mice showed a significantly lower degree of mast cell infiltration. CONCLUSION: We established an in vivo model of chronic allergic rhinosinusitis with nasal polypoid lesions using HDM aeroallergen. This study demonstrated that the HDM+SEB-induced murine polyp model could be utilised as a suitable model for nasal polyps, especially with both eosinophil and mast cell infiltration.

Resveratrol prevents development of eosinophilic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in a mouse model.

BACKGROUND: Since the recent establishment of a murine model of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), both the development of new drugs for treatment or prevention of eosinophilic CRSwNP and elucidation of their pathogenesis have been feasible. We investigated the therapeutic effects of resveratrol on CRSwNP and its mechanism of action using a murine model. METHODS: After induction of eosinophilic CRSwNP, the therapeutic effects of resveratrol were tested and compared with those of triamcinolone acetonide. Histopathologic changes were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin for overall inflammation, Sirius red for eosinophils, and Masson's trichrome stain for collagen. The expression levels of the interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, prostaglandin D synthase, and leukotriene C4 synthase genes were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Cyclooxygense-2 and 5-lipoxygense levels were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: The degree of eosinophilic infiltration and subepithelial fibrosis was significantly decreased by administration of high-dose resveratrol, the potency of which was similar to that of triamcinolone acetonide. The expression levels of the IL-4, IL-5, prostaglandin D synthase, and leukotriene C4 synthase genes were significantly decreased by administration of low- or high-dose resveratrol. The production of 5-lipoxygenase was strongly inhibited by high-dose resveratrol. CONCLUSIONS: Resveratrol may be useful for the prevention of eosinophilic CRSwNP. A key mechanism of its action is believed to be its anti-inflammatory effect, particularly on eosinophils, by inhibiting the lipoxygenase pathway.

[Neurohumoral regulation of gastric secretion in postvagotomy syndromes]. / Neirogumoralnaia reguliatsiia sekretornoi deiatelnosti zheludka pri postvagotomicheskikh sindromakh.

The secretion of hormones stimulating and inhibiting gastric secretory activity was studied in 85 patients with postvagotomy syndromes. The somatropin level was found to increase significantly in gastrostasis. The lower values of the blood insulin and C-peptide content in patients with recurrent ulcers was evidently associated either with insufficiency of the pancreatic insular apparatus or with partial vagal denervation, increased STH level, and plausible inhibiting effect of glucagon. Increased somatostatin secretion in the dumping syndrome, gastrostasis, and peptic ulcers may be due to the encountered hypergastrinemia.

[Changes in the concentration of endogenous opiates in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid during acute painful stimuli and protective electroacupuncture analgesia]. / Izmeneniia kontsentratsii éndogennykh opiatov v plazme krovi i spinnomozgovoi zhidkosti pri ostrom bolevom razdrazhenii pod zashchitoi élektroigloanalgezii.

The concentrations of endogenous opiates (beta-endorphin, methionine-enkephalin, leucine-enkephalin) in the spinal fluid and arterial blood plasma has been studied in 16 dogs, using the model of acute pain stimulation under electroacupuncture analgesia (EAA). It has been shown that pain stimulation under EAA is accompanied by a significant increase in methionine-enkephalin++ and leucine-enkephalin concentrations (by 244 and 69.4%, respectively) in the spinal fluid. beta-endorphin level tends to increase. There is also a trend towards the reduction in beta-endorphin and methionine-enkephalin concentrations in the arterial blood plasma, which is indicative of effective antinociceptive stimulation of the endogenous opiate system. However, by the end of the first hour a decrease of methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin levels in the spinal fluid was paralleled by a trend towards beta-endorphin and methionine-enkephalin increase and a significant leucine-enkephalin increase in arterial blood plasma, which can account for the exhaustion of the opiate system.

[Cyclic nucleotide levels in the gastric juice of patients with recurrent duodenal ulcer]. / Soderzhanie tsiklicheskikh nukleotidov v zheludochnom soke u bol'nykh s retsidivami iazvy dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

Cyclic nucleotide content in the gastric juice of patients with duodenal ulcer recurrences was studied before and after reconstructive surgery and in remote periods. The basal secretion phase was characterized by an increased cyclic nucleotide concentration in gastric juice; histamine and insulin stimulation caused decrease in their concentration. After reconstructive surgery, acid production in the basal period decreased, while cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentration increased by more than 100 per cent. The long-term period was characterized by clear intensification of cyclic adenosine monophosphate excretion under the action of histamine. It has been suggested that the release of this nucleotide from gastric mucosa cells is a subsidiary mechanism for maintenance of its necessary intracellular concentration.

[Removal of steroid hormones with the carbon sorbent SKN-1K]. / Eliminatsiia steroidnykh gormonov uglerodnym sorbentom SKN-1K.

Hemosorption, using CKH-1K sorbent, leads to an acute drop in cortisol and progestagen levels. To avoid complications it is recommended to determine steroid hormone level prior to hemosorption procedure.

[Radioimmunologic determination of aldosterone and renin in the blood in the diagnosis of different forms of arterial hypertension]. / Radioimmunologicheskoe opredelenie al'dosterona i renina krovi v diagnostike nekotorykh form arterial'noi gipertenzii.

Aldosterone concentration and renin activity in the blood from the ulnar, inferior cava veins at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra, the left and right renal veins were studied in 60 patients with arterial hypertension by means of a radioimmunoassay kit (France). The patients were divided into 4 groups: with primary and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, renal-parenchymatous and essential arterial hypertension. A significant increase in aldosterone concentration in the blood from the ulnar vein was detected in all the groups, especially in primary and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. Hyperaldosteronism in the patients with renal-parenchymatous and essential arterial hypertension was regarded as secondary in a stable and malignant course of arterial hypertension. The diagnosis of primary and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism was also confirmed by low blood renin activity. Renin activity in the peripheral venous blood was considerably elevated in renal-parenchymatous arterial hypertension and was within normal in essential hypertension. Aldosterone concentration in the blood from the vena cava inferior and renal veins was 1.6-2-fold as high on the affected side as on the contralateral one.