Function and expression of renal epithelial sodium transporters in rats with thyroid dysfunction.

Thyroid disorders are accompanied by major changes in renal sodium handling and blood pressure. Sodium transporters play a crucial role in regulating sodium excretion. We determined the function and expression of type 3 Na/H (NHE3) exchanger, type 2 Na+K+2Cl co-transporter (NKCC2) co-transporter, NaCl co-transporter (NCC) cotransporter, and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in hypoand hyperthyroid rats at 6 weeks after each thyroid disorder induction. We measured the renal response to functional blockade of the tubular sodium transporters, using acetazolamide to inhibit the activity of NHE3, furosemide for NKCC2, hydrochlorotiazide for NCC, and amiloride for ENaC. Expression of sodium transporters was analyzed by measuring the protein abundance by Western blot. The responsiveness to NHE3 inhibition and NHE3 protein was lower in hypothyroid rats and higher in hyperthyroid rats vs controls. Hypothyroid rats showed greater diuretic and natriuretic responses to NKCC2 and ENaC blockade and higher protein abundance of NKCC2 vs controls. Hyperthyroid rats showed greater protein expression of NKCC2 and NCC vs controls. Groups did not differ in responsiveness to NCC blockade. The expression and activity of ENaC were lower in hyperthyroid rats. In conclusion, reduced NHE3 activity may participate in the low blood pressure of hypothyroid rats and elevated NHE3 activity in the high blood pressure of hyperthyroid rats. These proximal alterations are counter-balanced by functional upregulation of NKCC2 and ENaC in downstream nephron segments of hypothyroid rats and by downregulation of αENaC activity and expression in hyperthyroid rats.

[Initial evaluation format (version 1982). Translation and adaptation to the Spanish language]. / Formato de evaluación inicial (versión 1982). Traducción y adaptación a la lengua española.

The Initial Evaluation Form is a non-schedule standardized evaluation procedure. Initially put into practice at the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic University of Pittsburgh, PA, and further in Peru, its usefulness for clinical care and research was clearly evidenced. A new version of the Form together with its Manual were translated into the Spanish language. A committee of consulting bilinguals to reviewing the translation participated, which issued successive drafts until a group consensus was reached upon. Both the English and Spanish terminologies are not only well-known among the translators but also a special care was put in seeking the precise terms which are meaningful and fully understandable as well to the Spanish-speaking psychiatrists.

Formato de evaluación inicial (versión 1982). Traducción y adaptación a la lengua española. / [Initial evaluation format (version 1982). Translation and adaptation to the Spanish language]

The Initial Evaluation Form is a non-schedule standardized evaluation procedure. Initially put into practice at the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic University of Pittsburgh, PA, and further in Peru, its usefulness for clinical care and research was clearly evidenced. A new version of the Form together with its Manual were translated into the Spanish language. A committee of consulting bilinguals to reviewing the translation participated, which issued successive drafts until a group consensus was reached upon. Both the English and Spanish terminologies are not only well-known among the translators but also a special care was put in seeking the precise terms which are meaningful and fully understandable as well to the Spanish-speaking psychiatrists.