Tumor location on electroporation therapies by means of multi-electrode structures and machine learning.

Electroporation is a phenomenon produced in the cell membrane when it is exposed to high pulsed electric fields that increases its permeability. Among other application fields, this phenomenon can be exploited in a clinical environment for tumor ablation therapies. In this context to achieve optimum results, it is convenient to focus the treatment on the tumor tissue to minimize side effects. In this work, a pre-treatment tumor location method is developed, with the purpose of being able to precisely target the therapy. This is done by taking different impedance measurements with a multi-output electroporation generator in conjunction with a multi-electrode structure. Data are processed by means of a vector of independent artificial neural networks, trained and tested with simulation data, and validated with phantom gels. This algorithm proved to provide suitable accuracy in spite of the low electrode count compared to the number of electrodes of a standard electrical impedance tomography device.

Histopathological and Ultrastructural Changes after Electroporation in Pig Liver Using Parallel-Plate Electrodes and High-Performance Generator.

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has gained attention as a new non-thermal therapy for ablation with important benefits in terms of homogeneous treatment and fast recovery. In this study, a new concept of high voltage generator is used, enabling irreversible electroporation treatment in large tissue volume using parallel plates. Unlike currently available generators, the proposed versatile structure enables delivering high-voltage high-current pulses. To obtain homogeneous results, 3-cm parallel-plates electrodes have also been designed and implemented. IRE ablation was performed on six female pigs at 2000 V/cm electric field, and the results were analysed after sacrifice three hours, three days and seven days after ablation. Histopathological and ultrastructural studies, including transmission and scanning electron microscopy, were carried out. The developed high-voltage generator has proved to be effective for homogeneous IRE treatment using parallel plates. The destruction of the membrane of the hepatocytes and the alterations of the membranes of the cellular organelles seem incompatible with cell death by apoptosis. Although endothelial cells also die with electroporation, the maintenance of vascular scaffold allows repairing processes to begin from the third day after IRE as long as the blood flow has not been interrupted. This study has opened new direction for IRE using high performance generators and highlighted the importance of taking into account ultrastructural changes after IRE by using electron microscopy analysis.

Malaria por Plasmodium falciparum en residente en España sin antecedente de viaje reciente a zonas endémicas / Imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a resident in Spain with no recent travel history to endemic countries

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TIBOLA: presentación de un caso clínico de esta entidad emergente / TIBOLA: reporting of a new clinical case of this emergent entity

Las rickettsiosis se encuentran dentro de las denominadas enfermedades emergentes. En nuestro país, el principal agente etiológico es Rickettsia conorii, que produce, en los meses de verano, una característica costra negra en el punto de inoculación y se acompaña de fiebre y exantema cutáneo. Algunas especies recientemente descubiertas de Rickettsia, como Rickettsia slovaca, producen cuadros clínicos con características diferentes respecto a la fiebre botonosa mediterránea. Ante un cuadro de linfadenitis y antecedente de picadura de garrapata debe sospecharse el cuadro clínico conocido como TIBOLA (tick-borne lymphadenopathy) o DEBONEL (Dermacentor-borne, necrosis, erithema, lymphadenopathy). El principal vector, Dermacentor marginatus, se encuentra en toda España, aunque la mayoría de casos publicados proceden del norte del país. Describimos el caso de un niño de 3 años de edad, con un bultoma cervical anterior de gran tamaño, localizado en la línea media, y se analizan los hallazgos clínicos y analíticos encontrados, así como el diagnóstico serológico (AU)

Rickettsioses are emerging diseases. In our country, the main causative agent is Rickettsia conorii. Some of the pathogenic species of Rickettsia, like Rickettsia slovaca, cause clinical profile with different characteristics respect to the Mediterranean spotted fever. In presence of lymphadenopathy and inoculation eschar associated should be suspected the clinical profile known as TIBOLA (tick-borne lymphadenopathy) or DEBONEL (Dermacentor-terminal, necrosis, erithema, lymphadenopathy). The main vector, Dermacentor marginatus, is found throughout Spain, although most of published cases are from the north of the country. We report the case of a 3 years old male with middle-sided cervical adenopathic conglomerate, and discusses the clinical and analytical findings and diagnosis confirmation with serological test(AU)