Analysis of Convergent Validity of Performance-Based Activities of Daily Living Assessed by PA-IADL Test in Relation to Traditional (Standard) Cognitive Assessment to Identify Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Difficulty in performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) is currently considered an important indicator of cognitive impairment in the elderly. A non-experimental case-control investigation was conducted to assess the convergent validity of the PA-IADL with traditional (standard) cognitive assessment tests in its ability to identify adults with mild cognitive impairment. The analysis of the data was carried out by means of various multivariate statistical tests, and the sequence in its execution led to the conclusion that 8 of the 12 Tasks that make up the PA-IADL allow for the identification of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to the same extent as traditional cognitive assessment tests and regardless of age. Age was found to be a moderating variable in the performance of the eight tasks; however, the results allow us to hypothesize that people with MCI experience a significant decline when it happens but thereafter, the deterioration that occurs does so at the same rate as the deterioration experienced by healthy people. They also allow us to hypothesize that the difference in the cognitive skills required by the eight functional tasks, and therefore also in the cognitive skills required by the traditional (standard) tests of a person with MCI compared to a person of the same age without MCI (Healthy), is approximately 10 years. These hypotheses have remarkable relevance and should be tested via longitudinal research. In the meantime, the results highlight the importance of the IADL assessment for the diagnosis of MCI as a complement to the standard cognitive assessment.

Adaptation of the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire for Young People Between 9 and 16 Years old.

BACKGROUND: Young adolescents and pre-adolescents are the population most vulnerable to disorders derived from a distorted Body Image (BI). In this study, the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire, MBSR®, was adapted and validated for young Spanish people between 9 and 16 years old. METHOD: 719 young people of both sexes participated. The internal structure, the invariance of the measure according to sex and age, and evidence of validity and reliability of the measure were examined. RESULTS: the dimensional model found in adults was not replicated in young people. The simplest, best-fitting BI construct in young people, examined from the perspective of the BI construct contained in the MBSRQ®, consisted of 20 items in 4 differentially correlated factors. The internal consistency of the factors contained in the MBSRQ-SA-a was shown to be satisfactory, as was the evidence of concurrent validity. Factor invariance was demonstrated as a function of gender and three age groups. CONCLUSIONS: the MBSRQ-SA-a is reliable and valid for the study of BI in young people aged 9-16 years to the extent permitted by the content of the 4 factors making it up.

Adaptation of the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire for Young People Between 9 and 16 Years old / Adaptación Española del Body Self Relations Questionnaire en jóvenes entre 9 y 16 años

Background: Young adolescents and pre-adolescents are the population most vulnerable to disorders derived from a distorted Body Image (BI). In this study, the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire, MBSRQ®, was adapted and validated for young Spanish people between 9 and 16 years old. Method: 719 young people of both sexes participated. The internal structure, the invariance of the measure according to sex and age, and evidence of validity and reliability of the measure were examined. Results: the dimensional model found in adults was not replicated in young people. The simplest, best-fitting BI construct in young people, examined from the perspective of the BI construct contained in the MBSRQ®, consisted of 20 items in 4 differentially correlated factors. The internal consistency of the factors contained in the MBSRQ-SA-a was shown to be satisfactory, as was the evidence of concurrent validity. Factor invariance was demonstrated as a function of gender and three age groups. Conclusions: the MBSRQ-SA-a is reliable and valid for the study of BI in young people aged 9-16 years to the extent permitted by the content of the 4 factors making it up.(AU)

Antecedentes: los jóvenes adolescentes y preadolescentes son la población más vulnerable a los trastornos derivados de una Imagen Corporal (IC) distorsionada. En esta investigación se realiza la adaptación y validación del Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire, MBSRQ®, para jóvenes españoles entre 9 y 16 años. Método: participan 719 jóvenes de ambos sexos. Se estudia la estructura interna, la invarianza de la medida en función del sexo y de la edad, y la evidencia de validez y la fiabilidad de la medida. Resultados: el modelo dimensional hallado en los adultos no se replica en los jóvenes. El modelo más simple y mejor ajustado del constructo IC que tienen los jóvenes, examinado desde la óptica del constructo de IC contenida en el MBSRQ®, está formado por 20 ítems dimensionados en 4 factores diferencialmente correlacionados. Se demostró que la consistencia interna de los factores contenidos en el MBSRQ-SA-a es satisfactoria, y también lo es la evidencia de validez concurrente. Se demostró invarianza factorial en sexo y edad. Conclusiones: se concluye que el MBSRQ-SA-a es fiable y válido para el estudio de la IC en jóvenes entre 9-16 años en el alcance que permite el contenido de los 4 factores que lo conforman.(AU)

A Web-Based Tool for Automatic Data Collection, Curation, and Visualization of Complex Healthcare Survey Studies including Social Network Analysis.

There is a great concern nowadays regarding alcohol consumption and drug abuse, especially in young people. Analyzing the social environment where these adolescents are immersed, as well as a series of measures determining the alcohol abuse risk or personal situation and perception using a number of questionnaires like AUDIT, FAS, KIDSCREEN, and others, it is possible to gain insight into the current situation of a given individual regarding his/her consumption behavior. But this analysis, in order to be achieved, requires the use of tools that can ease the process of questionnaire creation, data gathering, curation and representation, and later analysis and visualization to the user. This research presents the design and construction of a web-based platform able to facilitate each of the mentioned processes by integrating the different phases into an intuitive system with a graphical user interface that hides the complexity underlying each of the questionnaires and techniques used and presenting the results in a flexible and visual way, avoiding any manual handling of data during the process. Advantages of this approach are shown and compared to the previous situation where some of the tasks were accomplished by time consuming and error prone manipulations of data.