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2.
Vaccines (Basel) ; 12(2)2024 Feb 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38400177

ABSTRACT

Carditis in childhood is a rare disease with several etiologies. We report a case of infant death due to pericarditis and myocarditis after the mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 (COVIDmRNAV). A 7-year-old male child received the first dose of the COVIDmRNAV and presented with monoarthritis and a fever non-responsive to oral antibiotics. The laboratory investigation showed signs of infection (leukocytosis, high levels of c-reactive protein). His condition rapidly deteriorated, and the patient died. The autopsy identified pericardial fibrin deposits, hemorrhagic areas in the myocardium, and normal valves. A diffuse intermyocardial inflammatory infiltrate composed of T CD8+ lymphocytes and histiocytes was identified. An antistreptolysin O (ASO) dosage showed high titers. The presence of arthritis, elevated ASO, and carditis fulfills the criteria for rheumatic fever. However, valve disease and Aschoff's nodules, present in 90% of rheumatic carditis cases, were absent in this case. The temporal correlation with mRNA vaccination prompted its inclusion as one of the etiologies. In cases of myocardial damage related to COVID-19mRNAV, it appears to be related to the expression of exosomes and lipid nanoparticles, leading to a cytokine storm. The potential effects of the COVID-19mRNAV must be considered in the pathogenesis of this disease, whether as an etiology or a contributing factor to a previously initiated myocardial injury.

3.
BMC Cancer ; 22(1): 1063, 2022 Oct 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36243680

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although penile cancer (PC) is uncommon in developed countries, it is widespread in developing countries. The state of Maranhão (Northeast, Brazil) has the highest global incidence recorded for PC, and, despite its socioeconomic vulnerability, it has been attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study aimed to determine the histopathological features, the prevalence of HPV infection, and the immunohistochemical profile of PC in Maranhão. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of 200 PC cases were evaluated. HPV detection was performed using nested-PCR followed by direct sequencing for genotyping. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using monoclonal antibodies anti-p16INK4a, p53, and ki-67. RESULTS: Our data revealed a delay of 17 months in diagnosis, a high rate of penile amputation (96.5%), and HPV infection (80.5%) in patients from Maranhão (Molecular detection). We demonstrated the high rate of HPV in PC also by histopathological and IHC analysis. Most patients presented koilocytosis (75.5%), which was associated with those reporting more than 10 different sexual partners during their lifetime (p = 0.001). IHC revealed frequent p16INK4a overexpression (26.0%) associated with basaloid (p < 0.001) and high-grade tumors (p = 0.008). Interestingly, p16 appears not to be a better prognostic factor in our disease-free survival analysis, as previously reported. We also demonstrated high ki-67 and p53 expression in a subset of cases, which was related to worse prognostic factors such as high-grade tumors, angiolymphatic and perineural invasion, and lymph node metastasis. We found a significant impact of high ki-67 (p = 0.002, log-rank) and p53 (p = 0.032, log-rank) expression on decreasing patients' survival, as well as grade, pT, stage, pattern, and depth of invasion (p < 0.05, log-rank). CONCLUSIONS: Our data reaffirmed the high incidence of HPV infection in PC cases from Maranhão and offer new insights into potential factors that may contribute to the high PC incidence in the region. We highlighted the possible association of HPV with worse clinical prognosis factors, differently from what was observed in other regions. Furthermore, our IHC analysis reinforces p16, ki-67, and p53 expression as important diagnosis and/or prognosis biomarkers, potentially used in the clinical setting in emerging countries such as Brazil.


Subject(s)
Papillomavirus Infections , Penile Neoplasms , Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism , Humans , Incidence , Ki-67 Antigen/genetics , Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism , Male , Papillomaviridae/metabolism , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Penile Neoplasms/epidemiology , Penile Neoplasms/pathology , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
4.
Front Immunol ; 13: 824124, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35734176

ABSTRACT

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a form of kidney disease that is idiopathic in 70%-80% of cases. Glomerular involvement in autoimmune thyroiditis can occur in 10%-30% of patients, and MN manifests in association with Hashimoto thyroiditis in up to 20% of the cases with glomerular involvement. Reports of MN associated with Graves' disease (GD) are extremely rare in the current literature. Herein, we report the case of a 46-year-old man admitted to the hospital with nephrotic syndrome and symptomatic hyperthyroidism due to GD. Kidney biopsy revealed a secondary MN pattern. Immunohistochemical staining for PLA2R was negative, and thyroglobulin showed weak and segmental staining along the glomerular capillary. Anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody test was not performed. The patient was treated for GD with methimazole and prednisone, and despite reaching clinical improvement after 8 months, proteinuria remained close to nephrotic levels. In this scenario, the patient was submitted to radioactive iodine, and there was a dramatic reduction in proteinuria levels after treatment. In conclusion, GD association with MN is rare, and when present, diagnosis using PLA2R and immunohistochemistry can be useful in determining association. In addition, radioactive iodine therapy can be an effective treatment modality when preceded with immunosuppressive corticosteroid therapy.


Subject(s)
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous , Graves Disease , Thyroid Neoplasms , Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/diagnosis , Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/drug therapy , Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/etiology , Graves Disease/complications , Graves Disease/diagnosis , Graves Disease/drug therapy , Humans , Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use , Male , Middle Aged , Proteinuria
5.
Front Med (Lausanne) ; 9: 846173, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35308512

ABSTRACT

Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) is a clinicopathologic entity characterized by segmentar or global collapse of the glomerulus and hypertrophy and hyperplasia of podocytes. The Columbia classification of 2004 classified CG as a histological subtype of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). A growing number of studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of CG in many countries, especially among populations with a higher proportion of people with African descent. The present study is a narrative review of articles extracted from PubMed, Medline, and Scielo databases from September 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021. We have focused on populational studies (specially cross-sectional and cohort articles). CG is defined as a podocytopathy with a distinct pathogenesis characterized by strong podocyte proliferative activity. The most significant risk factors for CG include APOL1 gene mutations and infections with human immunodeficiency virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. CG typically presents with more severe symptoms and greater renal damage. The prognosis is notably worse than that of other FSGS subtypes.

6.
J. bras. nefrol ; 43(4): 586-590, Dec. 2021. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350902

ABSTRACT

Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune inflammatory disease. However, some patients may exhibit a histological pattern of kidney injury, with characteristics indistinguishable from lupus nephritis, but without presenting any extrarenal symptoms or serologies suggestive of SLE. Such involvement has recently been called non-lupus full-house nephropathy. The objective is to report a series of clinical cases referred to the Laboratory of the Federal University of Maranhão that received the diagnosis of "full-house" nephropathy unrelated to lupus, upon immunofluorescence and to discuss its evolution and outcomes. Non-lupus full-house nephropathy represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, because it is a new entity, which still needs further studies and may be the initial manifestation of SLE, isolated manifestation of SLE or a new pathology unrelated to SLE.


Resumo O lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é uma doença inflamatória crônica autoimune multissistêmica. Alguns pacientes, contudo, podem exibir um padrão histológico de lesão renal, com características indistinguíveis da nefrite lúpica, porém sem apresentar quaisquer sintomas extrarrenais ou sorologias sugestivas de LES. Tal acometimento tem sido recentemente denominado nefropatia "full-house" não relacionada ao lúpus. O objetivo é relatar uma série de casos clínicos encaminhados ao Laboratório da Universidade Federal do Maranhão que receberam o diagnóstico de nefropatia "full-house" não relacionada ao lúpus à imunofluorescência e discutir sua evolução e desfechos. A nefropatia "full-house" não relacionada ao lúpus representa um desafio diagnóstico e terapêutico por ser uma entidade nova, que ainda necessita de maiores estudos e pode ser a manifestação inicial do LES, manifestação isolada do LES ou uma patologia nova não relacionada ao LES.


Subject(s)
Humans , Lupus Nephritis/diagnosis , Kidney Diseases , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Kidney
7.
Front Pediatr ; 9: 659069, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34150685

ABSTRACT

Clinical presentations of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection are quite varied, ranging from asymptomatic conditions to potentially fatal disease. The kidney is one of the affected targets of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) complications, and renal dysfunction is a significant prognostic factor for mortality. This report describes a series of clinical complications in a previously healthy child who developed nephritic syndrome with a concomitant SARS-CoV-2 infection. These complications include acute kidney injury that progressed to chronicity, multisystemic inflammatory syndrome, Kawasaki-like syndrome, and thrombotic microangiopathy.

8.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33530448

ABSTRACT

Some studies have described that when the hemoglobin levels of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients change, especially in those taking erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA), they are associated with unfavorable outcomes such as increased morbidity and mortality, mainly due to cardiovascular events. This prospective cohort study included patients with end-stage renal disease currently undergoing hemodialysis. The initial 6-month clinical evaluation provided data of the variability in hemoglobin, associated blood parameters, and the use of erythropoietin. Subsequently, the patients were followed up for 78 months to evaluate mortality-associated factors. In total, 133 patients completed the 6-month follow-up with a mean age of 47.1 (±13.2) years. The majority were women (51.9%). Six-month hemoglobin levels were as follows: always low (18.0%), intermediate/target (1.5%), always high (0.8%), low-amplitude fluctuation/Hb low (n = 37; 27.8%), low-amplitude fluctuation/Hb high (13.53%), and high-amplitude fluctuation (38.6%), among end-stage renal disease patients. At the end of 78 months, 50 (37.6%) patients died; 70% of deaths were attributed to cardiovascular etiologies. A high variability was observed in hemoglobin levels, which was not associated with mortality. Among all the variables evaluated, age, erythropoietin dose, and transferrin saturation were associated with a higher mortality. Thus, this study suggests that greater attention to erythropoietin doses and transferrin saturation levels may improve the survival of dialysis patients.


Subject(s)
Hematinics , Kidney Failure, Chronic , Adult , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hemoglobins/analysis , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Renal Dialysis
9.
J Bras Nefrol ; 43(4): 586-590, 2021.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33179718

ABSTRACT

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune inflammatory disease. However, some patients may exhibit a histological pattern of kidney injury, with characteristics indistinguishable from lupus nephritis, but without presenting any extrarenal symptoms or serologies suggestive of SLE. Such involvement has recently been called non-lupus full-house nephropathy. The objective is to report a series of clinical cases referred to the Laboratory of the Federal University of Maranhão that received the diagnosis of "full-house" nephropathy unrelated to lupus, upon immunofluorescence and to discuss its evolution and outcomes. Non-lupus full-house nephropathy represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, because it is a new entity, which still needs further studies and may be the initial manifestation of SLE, isolated manifestation of SLE or a new pathology unrelated to SLE.


Subject(s)
Kidney Diseases , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Lupus Nephritis , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Humans , Kidney , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , Lupus Nephritis/diagnosis
10.
Front Med (Lausanne) ; 7: 584235, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33195337

ABSTRACT

Kidney involvement appears to be frequent in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite this, information concerning renal involvement in COVID-19 is still scarce. Several mechanisms appear to be involved in the complex relationship between the virus and the kidney. Also, different morphological patterns have been described in the kidneys of patients with COVID-19. For some authors, however, this association may be just a coincidence. To investigate this issue, we propose assessing renal morphology associated with COVID-19 at the renal pathology reference center of federal university hospitals in Brazil. Data will come from a consortium involving 17 federal university hospitals belonging to Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH) network, as well as some state hospitals and an autopsy center. All biopsies will be sent to the referral center for renal pathology of the EBSERH network. The data will include patients who had coronavirus disease, both alive and deceased, with or without pre-existing kidney disease. Kidney biopsies will be analyzed by light, fluorescence, and electron microscopy. Furthermore, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for various inflammatory cells (i.e., cells expressing CD3, CD20, CD4, CD8, CD138, CD68, and CD57) as well as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) will be performed on paraffinized tissue sections. In addition to ultrastructural assays, in situ hybridization (ISH), IHC and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) will be used to detect Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in renal tissue. For the patients diagnosed with Collapsing Glomerulopathy, peripheral blood will be collected for apolipoprotein L-1 (APOL1) genotyping. For patients with thrombotic microangiopathy, thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13), antiphospholipid, and complement panel will be performed. The setting of this study is Brazil, which is second behind the United States in highest confirmed cases and deaths. With this complete approach, we hope to help define the spectrum and impact, whether immediate or long-term, of kidney injury caused by SARS-CoV-2.

11.
Ren Fail ; 40(1): 483-491, 2018 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30278805

ABSTRACT

Ethnicity appears to play an important role in the prevalence and severity of hypertension, renal disease, and atherosclerosis. A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 206 Afro-descendants with hypertension, living in the remaining quilombo communities. These subjects underwent a carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) assessment. The presence of renal injury was assessed by: (1) The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated by the formula CKD-EPI using creatinine and cystatin C and (2) Albuminuria (ACR ≥30 mg/g). The Poisson distribution model was set with robust variance to identify factors associated with carotid atherosclerosis. The statistical analysis was performed using the Stata 12.0 software, adopting a significance level of 5%. Most subjects were women (61.65%); the average age was 61.32 (±12.44) years. Subjects (12.62%) were identified with GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 22.8% with albuminuria. Patients (59.22%) presented with a high CIMT. In the adjusted regression model, age ≥60 years (PR: 1.232 [CI 95%:1.091-1.390], p value = .001), ACR ≥30 mg/g (PR: 1.176 [CI 95%: 1.007-1.373], p = .040), and GFR/CKD-EPI using cystatin C (PR: 1.250 [CI 95%: 1.004-1.557], p = .045) were independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis. The occurrence of atherosclerotic lesions was high in the studied group. Age, albuminuria, and GFR (estimated by the formula CKD-EPI using cystatin C) influenced the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis.


Subject(s)
Albuminuria/physiopathology , Biomarkers/analysis , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Aged , Brazil , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Creatinine/analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cystatin C/analysis , Ethnicity , Female , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Risk Factors
12.
J. bras. nefrol ; 40(3): 248-255, July-Sept. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-975905

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Excessive salt intake is a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objective: To evaluate the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and sodium excretion in urine samples of Brazilians of African ancestry. Methods: Cross-sectional, population-based study of 1,211 Brazilians of African ancestry living in Alcântara City, Maranhão, Brazil. Demographic, nutritional, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed. The urinary excretion of sodium was estimated using the Kawasaki equation. Calculations of eGFR were based on the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Multivariate linear-regression model was used to identify the relationship between sodium excretion and eGFR. Results: Mean age was 37.5±11.7 years and 52.8% were women. Mean urinary excretion of sodium was 204.6±15.3 mmol/day and eGFR was 111.8±15.3 mL/min/1.73m2. According to multivariate linear regression, GFR was independently correlated with sodium excretion (β=0.11; p<0.001), age (β=-0.67; p<0.001), female sex (β=-0.20; p<0.001), and body mass index (BMI; β=-0.09; p<0.001). Conclusions: The present study showed that age, female sex, BMI, and correlated negatively with eGFR. Sodium excretion was the only variable that showed a positive correlation with eGFR, indicating that high levels of urinary sodium excretion may contribute to hyperfiltration with potentially harmful consequences.


RESUMO Introdução: O consumo excessivo de sal é um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doença renal crônica (DRC). Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre taxa de filtração glomerular estimada (eGFR) e excreção urinária de sódio em amostra isolada de urina de brasileiros de ascendência africana. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional que incluiu 1.211 brasileiros de ascendência africana que vivem na cidade de Alcântara, no Maranhão. Foram analisados dados demográficos, nutricionais, clínicos e laboratoriais. A excreção urinária de sódio foi estimada usando a equação de Kawasaki. Os cálculos da TFGe foram realizados por meio da equação do Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration. O modelo de regressão linear multivariada foi utilizado para identificar a relação entre excreção de sódio e TFGe. Resultados: A idade média foi de 37,5 ± 11,7 anos e 52,8% dos participantes eram mulheres. A média da excreção urinária de sódio, ao invés de excreção urinária média foi de 204,6 ± 15,3 mmol/dia e a TFGe foi de 111,8 ± 15,3 mL/min/1,73 m2. A regressão linear multivariada mostrou que a TFG correlacionou-se independentemente com a excreção de sódio (β = 0,11; p < 0,001), idade (β = -0,67; p < 0,001), sexo feminino (β = -0,20; p < 0,001) e índice de massa corporal (IMC; β = -0,09; p < 0,001). Conclusões: O presente estudo mostrou que idade, sexo feminino e IMC correlcionaram-se negativamente com TFGe. Ao negativamente correlacionados com TFGe. Excreção de sódio foi a única variável que mostrou correlação positiva com TFGe, indicando que a alta excreção urinária de sódio pode determinar um quadro de hiperfiltração, acarretando consequências adversas para a função renal a longo prazo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Sodium/urine , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Statistics as Topic , Black People
13.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 64(4): 346-353, 2018 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30133614

ABSTRACT

The objective was to evaluate the association between nutritional status and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in remaining quilombolas. Cross-sectional study carried out on 32 remaining quilombola communities in the municipality of Alcântara-MA. The nutritional indicators (IN) used were: body mass index (BMI); Waist circumference (WC); Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR); Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR); conicity index (CI) and estimated visceral adipose tissue (VAT). GFR was estimated from the CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C formula. The Shapiro Wilk test was used to evaluate the normality of the quantitative variables. In order to compare the second IN sex, the chi-square test was applied. The Anova or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to verify the association between IN and GFR. Of the 1,526 remaining quilombolas studied, 89.5% were black or brown, 51.2% were women, 88.6% belonged to economic classes D and E and 61.2% were farmers or fishermen. Clinical investigation revealed 29.2% of hypertensive patients, 8.5% of diabetics and 3.1% with reduced GFR. The BMI revealed 45.6% of the remaining quilombolas with excess weight. When compared to men, women presented a higher prevalence of overweight by BMI (56.6% vs 33.8%, p <0.001) and abdominal obesity CC (52.3% vs 4.3%), WHR (76,5% vs 5.8%), WHtR (82.3% vs 48.9%) and VAT (27.1% vs 14.5%) (p <0.001). Comparing the means of IN according to the GFR, it was observed that the higher the mean value of the IN lower the GFR (p <0.05). The GFR reduced with increasing mean values of nutritional indicators of abdominal obesity, regardless of sex.


Subject(s)
Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology , Obesity, Abdominal/physiopathology , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Anthropometry , Black People , Brazil/ethnology , Cholesterol/blood , Creatinine/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cystatin C/blood , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Hypertension/physiopathology , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Nutritional Status/physiology , Obesity, Abdominal/complications , Obesity, Abdominal/ethnology , Reference Values , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric , Triglycerides/blood , Uric Acid/blood
14.
J Bras Nefrol ; 40(3): 248-255, 2018.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29738041

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Excessive salt intake is a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objective: To evaluate the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and sodium excretion in urine samples of Brazilians of African ancestry. METHODS: Cross-sectional, population-based study of 1,211 Brazilians of African ancestry living in Alcântara City, Maranhão, Brazil. Demographic, nutritional, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed. The urinary excretion of sodium was estimated using the Kawasaki equation. Calculations of eGFR were based on the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Multivariate linear-regression model was used to identify the relationship between sodium excretion and eGFR. RESULTS: Mean age was 37.5±11.7 years and 52.8% were women. Mean urinary excretion of sodium was 204.6±15.3 mmol/day and eGFR was 111.8±15.3 mL/min/1.73m2. According to multivariate linear regression, GFR was independently correlated with sodium excretion (ß=0.11; p<0.001), age (ß=-0.67; p<0.001), female sex (ß=-0.20; p<0.001), and body mass index (BMI; ß=-0.09; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that age, female sex, BMI, and correlated negatively with eGFR. Sodium excretion was the only variable that showed a positive correlation with eGFR, indicating that high levels of urinary sodium excretion may contribute to hyperfiltration with potentially harmful consequences.


Subject(s)
Glomerular Filtration Rate , Sodium/urine , Adult , Black People , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Statistics as Topic
15.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 64(4): 346-353, Apr. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-956457

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY The objective was to evaluate the association between nutritional status and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in remaining quilombolas. Cross-sectional study carried out on 32 remaining quilombola communities in the municipality of Alcântara-MA. The nutritional indicators (IN) used were: body mass index (BMI); Waist circumference (WC); Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR); Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR); conicity index (CI) and estimated visceral adipose tissue (VAT). GFR was estimated from the CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C formula. The Shapiro Wilk test was used to evaluate the normality of the quantitative variables. In order to compare the second IN sex, the chi-square test was applied. The Anova or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to verify the association between IN and GFR. Of the 1,526 remaining quilombolas studied, 89.5% were black or brown, 51.2% were women, 88.6% belonged to economic classes D and E and 61.2% were farmers or fishermen. Clinical investigation revealed 29.2% of hypertensive patients, 8.5% of diabetics and 3.1% with reduced GFR. The BMI revealed 45.6% of the remaining quilombolas with excess weight. When compared to men, women presented a higher prevalence of overweight by BMI (56.6% vs 33.8%, p <0.001) and abdominal obesity CC (52.3% vs 4.3%), WHR (76,5% vs 5.8%), WHtR (82.3% vs 48.9%) and VAT (27.1% vs 14.5%) (p <0.001). Comparing the means of IN according to the GFR, it was observed that the higher the mean value of the IN lower the GFR (p <0.05). The GFR reduced with increasing mean values of nutritional indicators of abdominal obesity, regardless of sex.


RESUMO O objetivo foi avaliar a associação entre o estado nutricional e a taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) em remanescentes quilombolas. Estudo transversal, realizado em 32 comunidades remanescentes de quilombolas, no município de Alcântara - MA. Os indicadores nutricionais (IN) utilizados foram: índice de massa corporal (IMC); circunferência da cintura (CC); relação cintura-quadril (RCQ); relação cintura-estatura (RCEst); índice de conicidade (Índice C) e tecido adiposo visceral estimado (TAVe). A TFG foi estimada a partir da fórmula do CKD-EPI creatinina-cistatina C. O teste Shapiro Wilk foi utilizado para avaliar a normalidade das variáveis quantitativas. Para comparar os IN segundo sexo foi aplicado o teste qui-quadrado. Os testes Anova ou Kruskal-Wallis foram usados para verificar a associação entre os IN e a TFG. Dos 1.526 remanescentes quilombolas estudados, 89,5% eram da cor preta ou parda, 51,2% eram mulheres, 88,6% pertenciam às classes econômicas D e E e 61,2% eram lavradores ou pescadores. A investigação clínica revelou 29,2% de hipertensos, 8,5% de diabéticos e 3,1% com TFG reduzida. O IMC revelou 45,6% dos remanescentes quilombolas com excesso de peso. Quando comparadas aos homens, as mulheres apresentaram maior prevalência de excesso de peso pelo IMC (56,6% vs. 33,8%; p <0,001) e obesidade abdominal CC (52,3% vs. 4,3%), RCQ (76,5% vs. 5,8%), RCEst (82,3% vs. 48,9%) e TAVe (27,1% vs. 14,5%) (p<0,001). Comparando as médias dos IN segundo a TFG observou-se que, quanto maior o valor médio dos IN, menor a TFG (p<0,05). A TFG foi reduzida com o aumento dos valores médios dos indicadores nutricionais de obesidade abdominal, independentemente do sexo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Obesity, Abdominal/physiopathology , Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology , Reference Values , Triglycerides/blood , Uric Acid/blood , Brazil/ethnology , Logistic Models , Sex Factors , Anthropometry , Cholesterol/blood , Nutritional Status/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Analysis of Variance , Statistics, Nonparametric , Creatinine/blood , Black People , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology , Cystatin C/blood , Obesity, Abdominal/complications , Obesity, Abdominal/ethnology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Middle Aged
16.
BMC Nephrol ; 19(1): 43, 2018 02 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29482502

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a serious public health problem, both in Brazil and worldwide, with an increasing number of cases observed inrecent years. Especially, CKD has been reported to be highly prevalent in those of African descent. However, Brazil lacks data from early-stage CKD population studies, and the prevalence of CKD is unknown for both the overall and African descent populations. Hence, the present study aimsto estimate the prevalence of early-stage CKD and its associated risk factors in African-Brazilians from isolated African-descent communities. Herein, the detailed methodology design of the study is described. METHODS: This population-based, prospective, longitudinal, cohort study (PREVRENAL) is performed in three stages: first, clinical, nutritional, and anthropometric evaluations; measurements of serum and urinary markers; and examinations of comorbiditieswere performed. Second, repeated examinations of individuals with CKD, systemic arterial hypertension, and/or diabetes mellitus; image screening; and cardiac risk assessment were performed. Third, long-term monitoring of all selected individuals will be conducted (ongoing). Using probability sampling, 1539 individuals from 32 communities were selected. CKD was defined asaglomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≤60 mL/min/1.73m2 and albuminuria > 30 mg/day. DISCUSSION: This study proposes to identify and monitor individuals with and without reduced GFR and high albuminuria in isolated populations of African descendants in Brazil. As there are currently no specific recommendations for detecting CKD in African descendants, four equations for estimating the GFR based on serum creatinine and cystatin C were used and will be retrospectively compared. The present report describes the characteristics of the target population, selection of individuals, and detection of a population at risk, along with the imaging, clinical, and laboratory methodologies used. The first and second stages have been concluded and the results will be published in the near future. The subsequent (third) stage is the long-term, continuous monitoring of individuals diagnosed with renal abnormalities or with CKD risk factors. The entire study population will be re-evaluated five years after the study initiation. The expectation is to obtain information about CKD evolution among this population, including the progression rate, complication development, and cardiovascular events.


Subject(s)
Black People , Population Surveillance , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/blood , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Comorbidity , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Population Surveillance/methods , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Random Allocation , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis
17.
Ren Fail ; 40(1): 22-29, 2018 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29298567

ABSTRACT

In most countries, salt intake has been excessive and constitutes one of the main risk factors for disease development, especially hypertension. Factors such as age, gender, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, African descent, obesity, dietary habits and family history of hypertension may be associated with high blood pressure. Studies show a positive association between the excretion of sodium and increased blood pressure. We evaluated the urinary excretion of sodium and associated factors in isolated urine samples of African descendants from remaining Quilombos. We performed a cross-sectional, population-based study with 1162 African descendants living in remaining quilombos in Alcântara, Maranhão, Brazil. Demographic, nutritional, clinical and laboratory data were analyzed. Urinary sodium excretion was estimated using the Kawasaki equation. A multivariate linear regression model was used to identify the variables related to sodium excretion. The average age was 37.6 ± 11.8 years and 51.2% were women. The prevalence of hypertension was 21.3%. The average urinary excretion of sodium was high, especially among the hypertensive (217.9 ± 90.1 vs. 199.2 ± 83.0 mmol/d; p = .002). After an adjusted analysis, only the waist circumference (odds ratios (OR) = 1.16; confidence intervals(CI)95%: 1.03-1.30), triglyceride (OR = 1.13; CI95%: 1.05-1.22), systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.19; CI95%: 1.08-1.32) and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKD-EPI;OR = 1.24; CI95%: 1.15-1.35) remained related to urinary sodium excretion. African descendants had a high rate of sodium excretion, especially among those who had hypertension. Abdominal adiposity, triglyceride and systolic blood pressure levels and renal function by CKD-EPI equation were associated to urinary sodium excretion.


Subject(s)
Hypertension/epidemiology , Renal Elimination , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology , Sodium, Dietary/urine , Adult , Blood Pressure , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Hypertension/urine , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/urine , Risk Factors , Sodium, Dietary/metabolism , Triglycerides/blood , Waist Circumference , Young Adult
18.
Rev. baiana saúde pública ; 40 (2016)(4): https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2016.v40.n4.a2320, dez. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-876186

ABSTRACT

A mediastinite é uma complicação inflamatória e infecciosa grave do tecido conectivo do mediastino associada à osteomielite do esterno com ou sem instabilidade. Objetivou-se analisar os aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos dos pacientes que desenvolveram mediastinite após cirurgia cardíaca. Estudo retrospectivo de abordagem quantitativa realizado entre 2008 e 2012. A amostra constituiu-se de 68 casos de mediastinite, na qual identificou- -se uma prevalência de 3,6% de casos desse tipo de inflamação. O antibiótico utilizado em profilaxia nas cirurgias foi a cefalosporina-cefalotina e, na higiene corporal, a clorexidina degermante foi realizada nas 24 horas que precederam a cirurgia. Os resultados indicaram que a mediastinite foi mais frequente na população masculina, acima de 30 anos, antecedentes de hipertensão arterial e tabagismo, submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio, duas pontes cardíacas e tempo transoperatório de três a quatro horas. O principal exame para o diagnóstico de mediastinite foi à tomografia de tórax. O principal agente etiológico foi o Staphylococcus aureus e o antibiótico utilizado foi o glicopéptidico-vancomicina. O tempo de internação hospitalar variou de 16 a 45 dias. As complicações mais frequentes foram a insuficiência respiratória, pneumonia, sangramento e rebaixamento do nível de consciência. A mediastinite foi de baixa prevalência. Concluiu-se que existe necessidade de um acompanhamento criterioso dos pacientes, com antibioticoterapia, exames, reabordagem cirúrgica e utilização de coberturas adequadas para reepitalização do tecido. Destaca-se o papel da equipe multiprofissional na identificação precoce dos sinais e sintomas clínicos da mediastinite para a tomada de decisão terapêutica e de condutas assertivas durante o tratamento.


The mediastinitis is an inflammatory and severe infectious complication of connective tissue of mediastinum associated with osteomyelitis of the sternum with or without instability. This work aimed to analyze the clinical and epidemiological aspects of patients who developed mediastinitis after heart surgery. Retrospective study with quantitative approach conducted between 2008 and 2012. The sample consisted of 68 mediastinitis cases, in which prevalence of 3.6% of cases of this infection were identified. The antibiotics used for prophylaxis in surgery was cephalosporin-cephalotin and for corporal hygiene it was chlorhexidine degermante along the 24 hours before the surgery. The results indicated that mediastinitis was most frequent within male population, over 30 years, with history of hypertension and smoking, undergoing myocardial revascularization, heart and perioperative period bridges from three to four hours. The main test for mediastinitis diagnosis was chest tomography. The primary aetiological agent was Staphylococcus aureus and the antibiotics used was the glycopeptide-Vancomycin. The time of hospitalization ranged from 16 to 45 days. The most frequent complications were respiratory failure, pneumonia, bleeding and lowered level of consciousness. The mediastinitis had low prevalence. In conclusion, there is a need for patients careful monitoring with antibiotic therapy, exams, surgical and surgical rapprochement and use of appropriate covers for tissue reepithelization. The role of multidisciplinary team on early identification of clinical signs and symptoms of mediastinitis to therapeutic decision-making and the probes during treatment is distinguished.


La mediastinitis es una inflamatoria y severa complicación infecciosa del tejido conjuntivo del mediastino asociado con osteomielitis del esternón con o sin inestabilidad. El objetivo fue analizar los aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos de los pacientes que desarrollaron mediastinitis después de cirugía cardíaca. Estudio retrospectivo de enfoque cuantitativo llevado a cabo entre 2008 y 2012. La muestra se constituyó de 68 casos de mediastinitis, en el cual se identificó una prevalencia de 3.6% de casos de ese tipo de inflamación. El antibiótico usado en la profilaxis en las cirugías fue la cefalosporina-cephalotin y, en la higiene corporal, la clorhexidina degermante se llevó a cabo en las 24 horas antes de la cirugía. Los resultados indicaron que la mediastinitis fue más frecuente en la población masculina, con más de 30 años, antecedentes de hipertensión y tabaquismo, sometidos a revascularización del miocardio dos puentes cardíacos y transoperatorio de tres a cuatro horas. La principal prueba para la diagnosis del mediastinitis de tórax fue la tomografía de tórax. El principal agente etiológico fue el Staphylococcus aureus y el antibiótico usado fue la vancomicina glicopéptidica. El tiempo de hospitalización varió de 16 a 45 días. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron insuficiencia respiratoria, neumonía, hemorragia, y disminución del nivel de conciencia. La mediastinitis tuvo baja prevalencia. Se concluye que hay una necesidad de monitorización cuidadoso de los pacientes, con terapia de antibióticos, exámenes, cirugías y reabordaje quirúrgico y el uso de cubiertas apropiadas para reepitalización tejido. Destacase el papel del equipo multidisciplinario en la identificación temprana de signos clínicos y síntomas de mediastinitis para la tomada de decisión terapéutica y de conducto durante el tratamiento.


Subject(s)
Thoracic Surgery , Impacts of Polution on Health/analysis , Patient Care , Mediastinitis
20.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-10469

ABSTRACT

São abordados assuntos como: sistemas de informação da Rede SUS para o atendimento ao paciente com DRC; organização dos sistemas e referência e contrarreferência; caracterização clínico-epidemiológica dos pacientes com DRC e grupos de risco; por fim, a organização dos serviços de média e alta complexidade para atendimento ao paciente com DRC. Este recurso educacional integra o conjunto de objetos na área temática de Nefrologia, ofertados pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Trata-se de um recurso autoinstrucional, com carga horária sugerida de 30 horas. O curso é composto por 3 unidades educacionais com o objetivo de capacitar os profissionais da saúde que atuam ou que pretendem atuar na Atenção Básica.


Subject(s)
Health Services , Kidney Diseases , Information Systems , Answering Services
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