ABSTRACT
La enfermedad de los legionarios es un importante problema de salud pública particularmente por su frecuente presentación en forma de brotes, tanto comunitarios como nosocomiales, y por su letalidad, especialmente en personas de edad avanzada o con otras enfermedades. La notificación oportuna de casos y/o brotes de enfermedad y la investigación epidemiológica permiten la identificación de la/s fuentes de exposición y la adopción de medidas de prevención y control adecuadas. Las infecciones por Legionella son más frecuentes entre adultos mayores de 50 años, hombres, fumadores y huéspedes inmunocomprometidos o con ciertas enfermedades crónicas subyacentes. La infección en niñas/os es rara, con ≤ 1% de los casos de neumonía causada por Legionella, y puede ser asintomática o leve y no detectada. La Legionella puede multiplicarse si el agua no es tratada de manera adecuada o si los sistemas de agua no son mantenidos adecuadamente.
Subject(s)
Legionellosis/prevention & control , Legionellosis/drug therapy , Disease Outbreaks , Epidemiological MonitoringABSTRACT
As part of the emergency medical care system, helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) have a different crew composition from the traditional team. HEMS consist of a pilot, doctor, and firefighter with rescue skills and training in basic life support on board an air ambulance. This allows the adaptation to different environments and increases the varieties of air procedures normally performed. HEMS began operating relatively recently in Buenos Aires. Yet, in 3 years, its use grew to such an extent that in 2015 it tripled, and by 2016 the number of medical assists was 4 times greater than in 2014. Furthermore, over the 3-year study period, 92% to 95% of assisted victims were traffic accident casualties requiring primary care. The HEMS crew is informed about the availability of resources in the acute care general hospitals and can therefore transfer patients to the most appropriate trauma center in the shortest time. However, 75% to 85% of the time, the choice of destination is strongly influenced by the availability of a helipad and the operational safety that it provides.
Subject(s)
Air Ambulances , Accidents, Traffic , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Air Ambulances/organization & administration , Air Ambulances/statistics & numerical data , Argentina , Emergencies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Urban Health Services/organization & administration , Urban Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Wounds and Injuries/therapyABSTRACT
Las investigaciones insertas en el marco de instituciones de Ciencia y Tecnología requieren un abordaje interdisciplinario e integrador. El campo de la Salud Pública es un eslabón fundamental del Sistema Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, el cual amerita una constante reflexión en el marco de laclasificación de sus actividades, facilitando así las tareas de cooperación y articulación.
Subject(s)
Public HealthABSTRACT
Influenza virus (InfV) infection during pregnancy is a known risk factor for neurodevelopment abnormalities in the offspring, including the risk of schizophrenia, and has been shown to result in an abnormal behavioral phenotype in mice. However, previous reports have concentrated on neuroadapted influenza strains, whereas increased schizophrenia risk is associated with common respiratory InfV. In addition, no specific mechanism has been proposed for the actions of maternal infection on the developing brain that could account for schizophrenia risk. We identified two common isolates from the community with antigenic configurations H3N2 and H1N1 and compared their effects on developing brain with a mouse modified-strain A/WSN/33 specifically on the developing of dopaminergic neurons. We found that H1N1 InfV have high affinity for dopaminergic neurons in vitro, leading to nuclear factor kappa B activation and apoptosis. Furthermore, prenatal infection of mothers with the same strains results in loss of dopaminergic neurons in the offspring, and in an abnormal behavioral phenotype. We propose that the well-known contribution of InfV to risk of schizophrenia during development may involve a similar specific mechanism and discuss evidence from the literature in relation to this hypothesis.
Subject(s)
Brain/virology , Dopaminergic Neurons/virology , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/virology , Schizophrenia/virology , Animals , Behavior, Animal/physiology , Brain/immunology , Brain/physiopathology , Cells, Cultured , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Maze Learning/physiology , Mice , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/physiopathology , Pregnancy , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/immunology , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/physiopathology , Recognition, Psychology/physiologyABSTRACT
Objetivos: Estudiar la susceptibilidad de neuronas dopaminérgicas in vitro a la infección por cepas de virus Influenza A circulantes en Argentina. Comparar in vitro el efecto de las cepas circulantes con el efecto producido por una cepa neurovirulenta adaptada para su uso en ratones. Estudiar in vivo la susceptibilidad de fenotipos neuronales específicos a la acción viral. Estudiar las alteraciones de la conducta en la descendencia de ratones hembra infectadas con virus Influenza A durante la preñez. Estudiar el rol del NFkB en el mecanismo de eliminación de neuronas infectadas.
Subject(s)
Influenza A virus , Fellowships and ScholarshipsABSTRACT
Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) causes Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and lymphoproliferative disorders in both HIV-infected and uninfected patients. HHV-8 has a worldwide occurrence but infection rates vary according to a combination of geographic and behavioral risks. The main transmission route seems to be sexual, nevertheless, nasal secretions, saliva, blood, and organ graft have been proposed. HHV-8 was postulated as a new infectious agent for screening in blood donors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies against HHV-8 antigens in blood donors of South America. Serum samples from 2,470 blood donors from Argentina, Brazil, and Chile corresponding to five geographic regions were studied by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Seroprevalence rate was 3.7% (92/2,470; 95% CI 2.9-4.5) in the entire blood donor population distributed as follows: Argentina, 4.0% (Buenos Aires city, 4.3%; Bahia Blanca, 2.4%; and Córdoba, 4.0%), Campinas (Brazil), 2.8%; and Santiago de Chile, 3.0%. There was no difference (P>0.05) between men and women or age related, except in Brazil where positive cases were 30-49-year-old males. The present study, which includes different geographical areas of multiple countries from South America, has not been done before. The results show similar prevalence rates among the studied zones corresponding to low-prevalence regions. South America is a large sub-continent with a wide spectrum of population and geographical characteristics, thus, more HHV-8 prevalence studies should be necessary to establish possible regional differences.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Blood Donors , Herpesviridae Infections/epidemiology , Herpesvirus 8, Human/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Argentina/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Female , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Herpesviridae Infections/immunology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Seroepidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
Objetivos: Estudiar la susceptibilidad de neuronas dopaminérgicas in vitro a la infección por cepas de virus Influenza A circulantes en Argentina. Comparar in vitro el efecto de las cepas circulantes con el efecto producido por una cepa neurovirulenta adaptada para su uso en ratones. Estudiar in vivo la susceptibilidad de fenotipos neuronales específicos a la acción viral. Estudiar las alteraciones de la conducta en la descendencia de ratones hembra infectadas con virus Influenza A durante la preñez. Estudiar el rol del NFkB en el mecanismo de eliminación de neuronas infectadas.
Subject(s)
Influenza A virus , Fellowships and ScholarshipsABSTRACT
Objetivos: Estudiar la susceptibilidad de neuronas dopaminérgicas in vitro a la infección por cepas de virus Influenza A circulantes en Argentina. Comparar in vitro el efecto de las cepas circulantes con el efecto producido por una cepa neurovirulenta adaptada para su uso en ratones. Estudiar in vivo la susceptibilidad de fenotipos neuronales específicos a la acción viral. Estudiar las alteraciones de la conducta en la descendencia de ratones hembra infectadas con virus Influenza A durante la preñez. Estudiar el rol del NFkB en el mecanismo de eliminación de neuronas infectadas.
