[Unilateral congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia in a preterm infant]. / Linfangiectasia pulmonar congénita unilateral en un neonato prematuro.

Unilateral congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia (CPL) is an extremely rare disease of the pulmo nary lymphatic vessels. OBJECTIVE: to present a case of CPL in a premature newborn. CLINICAL CASE: premature male newborn with severe respiratory failure at 2 hours of extrauterine life was treated with exogenous surfactant, catecholamines and high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). Chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed bullae and air trapping of the left lung; the histopathological study showed cystic dilation of the bronchoalveolar lymphatic channels. The diagnosis of secondary unilateral CPL was made. The clinical course up to 19 months of age was normal and the chest CT scan showed few emphysematous bullae. CONCLUSIONS: CPL must be one of the differential diagnoses in neonates with unexplained respiratory distress. The prognosis will depend on the type of CPL and lung involvement.

Linfangiectasia pulmonar congénita unilateral en un neonato prematuro / Unilateral congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia in a preterm infant

La linfangiectasia pulmonar congénita (LPC) unilateral es una enfermedad extremadamente rara de los vasos linfáticos pulmonares. OBJETIVO: presentar un caso de LPC en un recién nacido prematuro. CASO CLÍNICO: recién nacido masculino, prematuro, con insuficiencia respiratoria severa a las 2 horas de vida extrauterina, recibió tratamiento con surfactante exógeno, catecolaminas y ventilación de alta frecuencia oscilatoria (VAFO). La tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) de tórax reveló bulas y atrapamiento de aire de pulmón izquierdo, el estudio histopatológico describió dilatación quística de los canales linfáticos broncoalveolares. Se diagnosticó LPC unilateral secundaria. La evolución clínica hasta los 19 meses de edad fue normal y la TAC de tórax mostró escasas bulas enfisematosas. CONCLUSIONES: La LPC debe ser uno de los diagnósticos diferenciales en neonatos con dificultad respiratoria inexplicable. El pronóstico dependerá del tipo de LPC y de la afectación pulmonar.

Unilateral congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia (CPL) is an extremely rare disease of the pulmo nary lymphatic vessels. OBJECTIVE: to present a case of CPL in a premature newborn. CLINICAL CASE: premature male newborn with severe respiratory failure at 2 hours of extrauterine life was treated with exogenous surfactant, catecholamines and high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). Chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed bullae and air trapping of the left lung; the histopathological study showed cystic dilation of the bronchoalveolar lymphatic channels. The diagnosis of secondary unilateral CPL was made. The clinical course up to 19 months of age was normal and the chest CT scan showed few emphysematous bullae. CONCLUSIONS: CPL must be one of the differential diagnoses in neonates with unexplained respiratory distress. The prognosis will depend on the type of CPL and lung involvement.

Recurrencia de infección y diversidad de cepas de Helicobacter pylori en adultos tratados con terapia triple estándar empírica en una población de México / Recurrence of infection and diversity of Helicobacter pylori strains in an adult population in Mexico treated with empirical standard triple therapy

Introducción: posterior al tratamiento erradicador de Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), podría presentarse recurrencia de infección debido a recrudescencia o reinfección. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la recurrencia de infección por H. pylori e identificar cepas virulentas de H. pylori al año posterior de su erradicación con terapia triple estándar. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental. La población estudiada fueron pacientes con enfermedades digestivas asociadas a H. pylori que recibieron terapia triple estándar. Todos los pacientes antes del tratamiento erradicador, y solo aquellos pacientes con prueba de aliento con carbono 14 positivo un año posterior al tratamiento se les realizaron cultivos y reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) de biopsias gástricas para identificación de cepas. Se realizó análisis estadístico mediante el test t de Student y prueba exacta de Fisher, con un nivel de significancia de 0,05. Resultados: se revisaron 128 pacientes, 51 (39,8%) hombres y 77 (60,2%) mujeres, con una edad promedio de 54,8 (DE 13,8) años. Se halló recurrencia anual de infección por H. pylori en 12 (9,3%) pacientes y reinfección y recrudescencia anual en nueve (7%) y tres (2,3%) pacientes respectivamente. La tasa de recrudescencia en proteína antigénica (cagA) fue de 1/30 (3,3%) pacientes y en citotoxina vacuolizante (vacA) fue de 2/112 (1,8%) pacientes. La tasa de reinfección en cagA fue 3/30 (10%) pacientes y en vacA 6/112 (5,3%) pacientes. Conclusiones: en este estudio la recurrencia de infección fue mayor que en países desarrollados con baja prevalencia de H. pylori y menor que en países en vías de desarrollo con mayor prevalencia de H. pylori. Las cepas cagA o vacA s2/m2 fueron aisladas en reinfección y recrudescencia (AU)

Background. After eradication treatment for Helicobacter pylori, infection could recur due to recrudescence or re-infection. The objective of this study was to determine the recurrence of Helicobacter pylori infection and identify virulent Helicobacter pylori strains one year after eradication with standard triple therapy. Material and methods. A quasi-experimental study was performed that included a patient population with digestive diseases associated with Helicobacter pylori who had received standard triple therapy. Cultures and Polymerase Chain Reaction was performed on gastric biopsies for strain identification in all patients prior to eradication treatment and those with a positive carbon 14 breath test one year after eradication treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using the student T test and Fisher’s exact test, statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results. 128 patients were studied, 51 (39.8%) were male and 77 (60.2%) were female with an average age of 54.8 years (DE 13.8). There was an annual recurrence of Helicobacter pylori infection in 12 (9.3%) patients. An annual re-infection and recrudescence occurred in 9 (7 %) and 3 (2.3%) patients respectively. The recrudescence rate for cagA was 1/30 (3.3%) patients and 2/112 (1.8%) patients for vacA. The re-infection rate for cagA was 3/30 (10%) patients and 6/112 (5.3%) patients for vacA. Conclusions. The recurrence of infection in this study was higher than that recorded in developed countries with a low prevalence of H. pylori and lower than that recorded in developing countries with a higher prevalence of H. pylori. The cagA or vacA s2/m2 strains were isolated after re-infection and recrudescence (AU)

Recurrence of infection and diversity of Helicobacter pylori strains in an adult population in Mexico treated with empirical standard triple therapy.

BACKGROUND: After eradication treatment for Helicobacter pylori, infection could recur due to recrudescence or re-infection. The objective of this study was to determine the recurrence of Helicobacter pylori infection and identify virulent Helicobacter pylori strains one year after eradication with standard triple therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was performed that included a patient population with digestive diseases associated with Helicobacter pylori who had received standard triple therapy. Cultures and Polymerase Chain Reaction was performed on gastric biopsies for strain identification in all patients prior to eradication treatment and those with a positive carbon 14 breath test one year after eradication treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using the student T test and Fisher's exact test, statistical significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: 128 patients were studied, 51 (39.8%) were male and 77 (60.2%) were female with an average age of 54.8 years (DE 13.8). There was an annual recurrence of Helicobacter pylori infection in 12 (9.3%) patients. An annual re-infection and recrudescence occurred in 9 (7 %) and 3 (2.3%) patients respectively. The recrudescence rate for cagA was 1/30 (3.3%) patients and 2/112 (1.8%) patients for vacA. The re-infection rate for cagA was 3/30 (10%) patients and 6/112 (5.3%) patients for vacA. CONCLUSIONS: The recurrence of infection in this study was higher than that recorded in developed countries with a low prevalence of H. pylori and lower than that recorded in developing countries with a higher prevalence of H. pylori. The cagA or vacA s2/m2 strains were isolated after re-infection and recrudescence.

Balance de líquidos y lesión renal aguda en el choque séptico / Fluid balance and acute kidney injury in septic shock

Resumen: Introducción: En el paciente con choque séptico, la administración excesiva de líquidos puede incrementar la morbilidad y mortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre el balance de líquidos, la lesión renal aguda y la mortalidad en pacientes con choque séptico. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en una unidad de terapia intensiva pediátrica. Se comparó el balance de líquidos en las primeras 72 h y la presencia de lesión renal aguda en pacientes con diagnóstico de choque séptico que fallecieron contra pacientes que sobrevivieron a la misma patología. Se realizó un análisis univariado y multivariado. Resultados: Se incluyeron 45 casos y 45 controles en el análisis. La mortalidad se asoció con riesgo pediátrico de mortalidad (PRISM) ≥ 26 puntos (RM 7.5, IC 95% 2.8-18.7; p = 0.000), disfunción orgánica logística pediátrica (PELOD) ≥ 24 puntos (RM 11.0, IC 95% 4.1-29.4; p = 0.000), creatinina ≥ 0.65 mg/dl (RM 5.6, IC 95% 2.2-13.9; p = 0.000), lactato ≥ 2.5 mmol/l (RM 2.5, IC 95% 1.1-5.9; p = 0.033), SvO2 < 60% (RM 4.6, IC 95% 4.5-4.5; p = 0.001), balance positivo > 9% en 72 h (RM 4.3, IC 95% 1.6-11.7; p = 0.003), lesión renal aguda (RM 5.7, IC 95% 2.2-15.1; p = 0.000). En el modelo multivariado, PRISM ≥ 26 y PELOD ≥ 24 puntos permanecieron significativas. Conclusiones: En los pacientes que fallecieron por choque séptico, el modelo multivariado mostró una asociación con PRISM ≥26 y PELOD ≥24 y una tendencia hacia la asociación con SvO2 <60% y balance de líquidos positivo >9%.

Abstract: Background: In patients with septic shock, excessive fluid administration can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between fluid balance, acute kidney injury and mortality in patients with septic shock. Methods: A study of cases and controls was conducted in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. The fluid balance in the first 72 h and the presence of acute kidney injury was compared in patients diagnosed with septic shock who died against patients who survived the same condition. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: Forty-five cases and forty-five controls were included in the analysis. Mortality was associated with Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM III) ≥ 26 points (OR 7.5, 95% CI 2.8-18.7; p = 0.000), Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) ≥ 24 points (OR 11.0, 95% CI 4.1-29.4; p = 0.000), creatinine ≥ 0.65 mg/dl (OR 5.6, 95% CI 2.2-13.9; p = 0.000), lactate ≥ 2.5 mmol/l (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-5.9; p = 0.033), SvO2 < 60% (OR 4.6, 95% CI 4.5-4.5; p = 0.001), positive balance > 9% in 72 h (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.6-11.7; p = 0.003), acute kidney injury (OR 5.7, 95% CI: 2.2-15.1; p = 0.000). In the multivariate model, the values of PRISM ≥26 and PELOD ≥24 points were significant. Conclusions: In patients who died due to septic shock, the multivariate model showed an association with PRISM ≥26 and PELOD ≥24 and a trend toward association with SvO2 <60% and positive balance of liquids > 9%.

[Fluid balance and acute kidney injury in septic shock]. / Balance de líquidos y lesión renal aguda en el choque séptico.

BACKGROUND: In patients with septic shock, excessive fluid administration can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between fluid balance, acute kidney injury and mortality in patients with septic shock. METHODS: A study of cases and controls was conducted in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. The fluid balance in the first 72h and the presence of acute kidney injury was compared in patients diagnosed with septic shock who died against patients who survived the same condition. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: Forty-five cases and forty-five controls were included in the analysis. Mortality was associated with Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM III) ≥ 26 points (OR 7.5, 95% CI 2.8-18.7; p=0.000), Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) ≥ 24 points (OR 11.0, 95% CI 4.1-29.4; p=0.000), creatinine ≥ 0.65mg/dl (OR 5.6, 95% CI 2.2-13.9; p=0.000), lactate ≥ 2.5 mmol/l (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-5.9; p=0.033), SvO2 < 60% (OR 4.6, 95% CI 4.5-4.5; p=0.001), positive balance > 9% in 72h (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.6-11.7; p=0.003), acute kidney injury (OR 5.7, 95% CI: 2.2-15.1; p=0.000). In the multivariate model, the values of PRISM ≥26 and PELOD ≥24 points were significant. CONCLUSIONS: In patients who died due to septic shock, the multivariate model showed an association with PRISM ≥26 and PELOD ≥24 and a trend toward association with SvO2 <60% and positive balance of liquids > 9%.

[Concordance among invasive diagnostic procedures for Helicobacter pylori infection in adults]. / Concordancia entre procedimientos diagnósticos invasivos para la infección por Helicobacter pylori en adultos.

OBJECTIVE: Compare the strength of concordance between culture, histology, rapid urease test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and histopathological findings relationship and frequency of positivity among such diagnostic procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diagnostic test study. The study population were subjects with endoscopy and take samples of gastric antral. Rapid urease test (one sample), histology (two samples) and culture (two samples), and histopathological findings of gastric mucosa were performed. Statistical design with Student's t, Fisher exact test, Kappa coefficient. RESULTS: We reviewed 108 subjects, 28 (25.9%) men, 80 (74.1%) women, mean age was 49.1 years (SD 15.1). The Kappa coefficient was 0.729 and 0.377 between culture with histology and rapid urease test, respectively; likewise the Kappa coefficient was 0.565 between histology and rapid urease test. CONCLUSIONS: The strength of concordance was higher between histology with culture and rapid urease test; the most recommended being histology in clinical practice for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Concordancia entre procedimientos diagnósticos invasivos para la infección por Helicobacter pylori en adultos / Concordance among invasive diagnostic procedures for Helicobacter pylori infection in adults

Objetivo. Comparar la concordancia entre cultivo, histología y prueba rápida de la ureasa para el diagnóstico de infección por Helicobacter pylori, así como la relación de hallazgos histopatológicos y frecuencia de positividad entre dichos procedimientos diagnósticos. Material y métodos. Estudio de pruebas diagnósticas. Población de sujetos con endoscopía digestiva y toma de muestras gástricas antrales en un hospital de especialidades en México. Se realizó prueba rápida de la ureasa (una muestra), histología (dos muestras) y cultivo (dos muestras). Análisis estadístico con coeficiente de Kappa. Resultados. Se estudiaron 108 sujetos: 28 (25.9%) hombres y 80 (74.1%) mujeres; la edad promedio fue 49.1 (DE 15.1) años. El coeficiente de Kappa fue 0.729 y 0.377 entre cultivo con histología y prueba rápida de la ureasa respectivamente; asimismo, el coeficiente de Kappa fue 0.565 entre histología y prueba rápida de la ureasa. Conclusiones. La fuerza de concordancia fue mayor entre histología con cultivo y la prueba rápida de la ureasa, por lo cual la histología es lo más recomendable en la práctica clínica para la detección de la infección por Helicobacter pylori.

Objective. Compare the strength of concordance between culture, histology, rapid urease test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and histopathological findings relationship and frequency of positivity among such diagnostic procedures. Materials and methods. Diagnostic test study. The study population were subjects with endoscopy and take samples of gastric antral. Rapid urease test (one sample), histology (two samples) and culture (two samples), and histopathological findings of gastric mucosa were performed. Statistical design with Student's t, Fisher exact test, Kappa coefficient. Results. We reviewed 108 subjects, 28 (25.9%) men, 80 (74.1%) women, mean age was 49.1 years (SD 15.1). The Kappa coefficient was 0.729 and 0.377 between culture with histology and rapid urease test, respectively; likewise the Kappa coefficient was 0.565 between histology and rapid urease test. Conclusions. The strength of concordance was higher between histology with culture and rapid urease test; the most recommended being histology in clinical practice for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection.