Promoção à saúde mental de trabalhadores do agronegócio: um estudo reflexivo / Promoting the mental health of agribusiness workers: a reflective study / Promoción de la salud mental de los trabajadores del agronegorio: un estudio reflexivo

Introdução: Os trabalhadores do setor administrativo do agronegócio estão susceptíveis a riscos ocupacionais em seu processo de trabalho, como: físicos, químicos, de acidentes e ergonômicos, biológicos e psicossociais como fadiga, tensão e pressão no trabalho. Essas condições influenciam na saúde física e mental desses trabalhadores interferindo no desempenho das atividades laborais e na qualidade de vida no trabalho. Em decorrência destes fatores, nota-se a importância de encontrar meios para proporcionar uma melhor qualidade de vida e satisfação no ambiente ocupacional bem como, promover uma saúde mental entre os trabalhadores do agronegócio. Objetivo: Refletir as estratégias organizacionais do enfermeiro do trabalho para a promoção da saúde mental no ambiente laboral de trabalhadores do agronegócio. Método: Estudo reflexivo, do tipo descritivo, que reflete as experiências no desenvolvimento de ações de uma equipe multidisciplinar de uma empresa de agronegócio localizada em mais de três estados brasileiros e conta com 1200 trabalhadores. A ideia do cuidado com a saúde mental dos trabalhadores do agronegócio surgiu a partir da observação da enfermeira do trabalho na busca recorrente dos trabalhadores ao departamento de gente e gestão, com relatos de problemas vivenciados dentro e fora da empresa. Frente a essa problemática surgiu a necessidade de disponibilizar para os trabalhadores um cuidado com foco na saúde mental, por meio de acolhimento e direcionamento para atendimento especializado dentro da própria empresa. Diante disso, foi estruturado dentro do Programa de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho, já existente na empresa, um pilar denominado cuidado com a saúde emocional, com modalidades de atendimentos individuais, grupos de rodas de conversa e no formato on-line. Resultados: Com a divulgação do programa os trabalhadores estavam mais à vontade para buscar atendimentos com a psicóloga do programa e mostram-se interessados pelos grupos de rodas de conversas. Durante um ano, 238 trabalhadores buscaram pelo atendimento. A partir de então, a promoção do cuidado com a saúde mental dos trabalhadores ocorreu por meio da manutenção dos grupos de atendimentos individuais. Conclusão: O cuidado com a saúde mental no contexto corporativo é essencial para promover a integridade física e psicológica do trabalhador. Contudo, é necessário que a empresa invista mais em campanhas informativas com cuidado com a saúde mental, pois durante um ano, apenas 19,83% dos trabalhadores buscaram pelos atendimentos propostos pela empresa, além de que, a implementação de um programa para a saúde dos trabalhadores, valoriza a profissão do enfermeiro do trabalho e lhe traz subsídios para a continuidade e qualidade de assistências àqueles que o mesmo assiste.

Introduction: Workers in the agribusiness administrative sector are susceptible to occupational risks in their work process, such as: physical, chemical, accident and ergonomic, biological and psychosocial such as fatigue, tension and pressure at work. These conditions influence the physical and mental health of these workers, interfering with the performance of work activities and quality of life at work. As a result of these factors, it is important to find ways to provide a better quality of life and satisfaction in the occupational environment, as well as promoting mental health among agribusiness workers. Objective: To reflect the organizational strategies of occupational nurses to promote mental health in the work environment of agribusiness workers. Method: Reflective, descriptive study, which reflects the experiences in developing actions of a multidisciplinary team from an agribusiness company located in more than three Brazilian states and has 1200 workers. The idea of caring for the mental health of agribusiness workers arose from the observation of the occupational nurse in the workers' recurring search for the people and management department, with reports of problems experienced inside and outside the company. Faced with this problem, the need arose to provide workers with care focused on mental health, through welcoming and directing them to specialized care within the company itself. In view of this, a pillar called care for emotional health was structured within the Quality of Life at Work Program, already existing in the company, with individual assistance modalities, conversation groups and in an online format. Results: With the publicity of the program, workers were more comfortable seeking assistance from the program's psychologist and were interested in conversation groups. During one year, 238 workers sought assistance. From then on, the promotion of care for workers' mental health occurred through the maintenance of individual care groups. Conclusion: Mental health care in the corporate context is essential to promote the physical and psychological integrity of workers. However, it is necessary for the company to invest more in informative campaigns with care for mental health, as during one year, only 19.83% of workers sought the services proposed by the company, in addition to the implementation of a health program of workers, values the profession of occupational nurses and provides support for the continuity and quality of care for those they assist.

Introducción: Los trabajadores del sector administrativo agroindustrial son susceptibles a riesgos laborales en su proceso de trabajo, tales como: físicos, químicos, accidentalidad y ergonómicos, biológicos y psicosociales como fatiga, tensión y presión en el trabajo. Estas condiciones influyen en la salud física y mental de estos trabajadores, interfiriendo en el desempeño de las actividades laborales y la calidad de vida en el trabajo. Como resultado de estos factores, es importante encontrar formas de brindar una mejor calidad de vida y satisfacción en el entorno ocupacional, así como promover la salud mental entre los trabajadores de la agroindustria. Objetivo: Reflejar las estrategias organizacionales de las enfermeras ocupacionales para promover la salud mental en el ambiente laboral de los trabajadores de la agroindustria. Método: Estudio reflexivo, descriptivo, que refleja las experiencias en el desarrollo de acciones de un equipo multidisciplinario de una empresa agroindustrial ubicada en más de tres estados brasileños y que cuenta con 1200 trabajadores. La idea de cuidar la salud mental de los trabajadores del agronegocio surgió a partir de la observación de la enfermera ocupacional en la búsqueda recurrente de los trabajadores por el departamento de personas y gestión, con relatos de problemas vividos dentro y fuera de la empresa. Ante esta problemática surgió la necesidad de brindar a los trabajadores una atención enfocada a la salud mental, a través de su acogida y orientación a atención especializada dentro de la propia empresa. Ante esto, se estructuró un pilar denominado atención a la salud emocional dentro del Programa Calidad de Vida en el Trabajo, ya existente en la empresa, con modalidades de atención individual, grupos de conversación y en formato online. Resultados: Con la publicidad del programa, los trabajadores se sintieron más cómodos buscando ayuda del psicólogo del programa y se interesaron por los grupos de conversación. Durante un año, 238 trabajadores buscaron ayuda. A partir de entonces, la promoción del cuidado de la salud mental de los trabajadores se dio a través del mantenimiento de grupos de atención individuales. Conclusión: El cuidado de la salud mental en el contexto empresarial es fundamental para promover la integridad física y psicológica de los trabajadores. Sin embargo, es necesario que la empresa invierta más en campañas informativas con cuidado de la salud mental, ya que durante un año, sólo el 19,83% de los trabajadores buscó los servicios propuestos por la empresa, además de la implementación de un programa de salud de los trabajadores. valora la profesión de enfermeras ocupacionales y brinda apoyo para la continuidad y calidad de la atención a quienes asisten.

Increased Delta and Theta Power Density in Sickle Cell Disease Individuals with Chronic Pain Secondary to Hip Osteonecrosis: A Resting-State Eeg Study.

PURPOSE: Identify the presence of a dysfunctional electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) and hip osteonecrosis, and assess its potential associations with depression, anxiety, pain severity, and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). METHODS: In this cross-sectional investigation, 24 SCD patients with hip osteonecrosis and chronic pain were matched by age and sex with 19 healthy controls. Resting-state EEG data were recorded using 32 electrodes for both groups. Power spectral density (PSD) and peak alpha frequency (PAF) were computed for each electrode across Delta, Theta, Alpha, and Beta frequency bands. Current Source Density (CSD) measures were performed utilizing the built-in Statistical nonparametric Mapping Method of the LORETA-KEY software. RESULTS: Our findings demonstrated that SCD individuals exhibited higher PSD in delta and theta frequency bands when compared to healthy controls. Moreover, SCD individuals displayed increased CSD in delta and theta frequencies, coupled with decreased CSD in the alpha frequency within brain regions linked to pain processing, motor function, emotion, and attention. In comparison to the control group, depression symptoms, and pain intensity during hip abduction were positively correlated with PSD and CSD in the delta frequency within the parietal region. Depression symptoms also exhibited a positive association with PSD and CSD in the theta frequency within the same region, while serum BDNF levels showed a negative correlation with CSD in the alpha frequency within the left insula. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that individuals with SCD experiencing hip osteonecrosis and chronic pain manifest a dysfunctional EEG pattern characterized by the persistence of low-frequency PSD during a resting state. This dysfunctional EEG pattern may be linked to clinical and biochemical outcomes, including depression symptoms, pain severity during movement, and serum BDNF levels.

Clinical Features, Biochemical Parameters, and Treatment Adherence of Individuals Who Started the Treatment for Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis during the Pandemic Period.

This descriptive prospective study investigated the clinical features and treatment adherence of individuals who started the treatment for Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) during the COVID-19 pandemic in São Luís. Thirty-six TB patients and thirty-five age/sex-matched individuals were recruited between January 2021 and January 2022. The clinical features, sociodemographic information, and serum were obtained at the diagnosis time. Adherence to treatment and adverse reactions were investigated monthly. The most common symptoms in TB patients were cough (91.6%) and fever (83.3%). All TB patients had elevated pre-therapy levels of CRP and reduced HDL: 88.9% presented hypocalcemia and 47.2% showed elevated ALP and GGT. TB patients showed higher levels of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, CRP, amylase, and triglycerides than the comparison group (p < 0.05), while the calcium levels were reduced (p < 0.0001). TB patients with anti-SARS-CoV-2-IgG antibodies (seroprevalence of 66.7%) presented higher values of amylase and lower CRP levels (p < 0.05). Most patients (~70%) reported at least one adverse drug reaction, mainly pruritus and nausea. The treatment abandonment rate was 19.2%. In conclusion, TB patients showed elevated pre-therapy levels of CRP, low levels of HDL, and hypocalcemia. Liver and pancreatic functions were also compromised in several patients before the therapy. The treatment non-adherence rate observed was similar to other studies performed before the pandemic period.

The self-care process of community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVES: to understand the self-care process of community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: this is an explanatory study with a qualitative approach based on the constructivist Grounded Theory, carried out with 18 community-dwelling older adults. Data collection took place through interviews and content was analyzed through initial and focused coding. RESULTS: two categories were obtained: "Building connections to support self-care practices" and "Living with the risk group stigma". From their interaction, the phenomenon "Performing self-care in old age during the COVID-19 pandemic" emerged. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: it was possible to identify how older adults' experiences curing the COVID-19 pandemic had repercussions on their self-care process, being influenced by factors such as information about the disease and the impacts of risk group stigmas.

The self-care process of community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic / El proceso de autocuidado de los adultos mayores comunitarios en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19 / O processo de autocuidado de idosos comunitários no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand the self-care process of community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: this is an explanatory study with a qualitative approach based on the constructivist Grounded Theory, carried out with 18 community-dwelling older adults. Data collection took place through interviews and content was analyzed through initial and focused coding. Results: two categories were obtained: "Building connections to support self-care practices" and "Living with the risk group stigma". From their interaction, the phenomenon "Performing self-care in old age during the COVID-19 pandemic" emerged. Final Considerations: it was possible to identify how older adults' experiences curing the COVID-19 pandemic had repercussions on their self-care process, being influenced by factors such as information about the disease and the impacts of risk group stigmas.

RESUMEN Objetivos: comprender el proceso de autocuidado de los ancianos en la comunidad en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: se trata de un estudio explicativo con enfoque cualitativo basado en la Teoría Fundamentada en Datos constructivista, realizado con 18 ancianos residentes en la comunidad. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas y el contenido se analizó a través de una codificación inicial y focalizada. Resultados: se obtuvieron dos categorías: "Establecer vínculos para apoyar prácticas de autocuidado" y "Convivir con el estigma de grupo de riesgo". De su interacción surgió el fenómeno "Ejercer el autocuidado en la vejez en el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19". Consideraciones Finales: fue posible identificar cómo las vivencias de los adultos mayores durante el período de la pandemia de COVID-19 repercutieron en su proceso de autocuidado, siendo influenciados por factores como la información sobre la enfermedad y los impactos de los estigmas del grupo de riesgo.

RESUMO Objetivos: compreender o processo de autocuidado dos idosos da comunidade no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo explicativo de abordagem qualitativa, com referencial da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados construtivista, realizada com 18 idosos comunitários. A coleta de dados ocorreu através de entrevistas, e o conteúdo foi analisado por meio da codificação inicial e focalizada. Resultados: foram obtidas duas categorias: "Estabelecendo conexões para apoiar práticas de autocuidado" e "Convivendo com o estigma de grupo de risco". A partir da interação dessas, emergiu o fenômeno "Exercendo o autocuidado na terceira idade no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19". Considerações Finais: foi possível identificar como as vivências dos idosos no período de pandemia de COVID-19 repercutiram no seu processo de autocuidado, sendo influenciados por fatores, como informações sobre a doença e os impactos dos estigmas do grupo risco.

Sickle cell disease chronic joint pain: Clinical assessment based on maladaptive central nervous system plasticity.

Chronic joint pain (CJP) is among the significant musculoskeletal comorbidities in sickle cell disease (SCD) individuals. However, many healthcare professionals have difficulties in understanding and evaluating it. In addition, most musculoskeletal evaluation procedures do not consider central nervous system (CNS) plasticity associated with CJP, which is frequently maladaptive. This review study highlights the potential mechanisms of CNS maladaptive plasticity related to CJP in SCD and proposes reliable instruments and methods for musculoskeletal assessment adapted to those patients. A review was carried out in the PubMed and SciELO databases, searching for information that could help in the understanding of the mechanisms of CNS maladaptive plasticity related to pain in SCD and that presented assessment instruments/methods that could be used in the clinical setting by healthcare professionals who manage chronic pain in SCD individuals. Some maladaptive CNS plasticity mechanisms seem important in CJP, including the impairment of pain endogenous control systems, central sensitization, motor cortex reorganization, motor control modification, and arthrogenic muscle inhibition. Understanding the link between maladaptive CNS plasticity and CJP mechanisms and its assessment through accurate instruments and methods may help healthcare professionals to increase the quality of treatment offered to SCD patients.

Knowledge and practices of elderly women about fall prevention.

OBJECTIVE: Unveil the knowledge and practices of elderly women about the prevention of falls. Methods: Qualitative, exploratory-descriptive research, developed with eight elderly women from a community group at a Basic Health Unit in the state of Paraná. Data were obtained through individual interviews, submitted to lexicographical analysis through the Descending Hierarchical Classification using the IRaMuTeQ® software, and discussed with the theoretical-analytical framework of Paulo Freire's Praxis. RESULTS: Six classes emerged: 1. Experiences, background, and practices of Health Education; 2. Advancing age as a factor for the occurrence of falls; 3. Fall prevention practices; 4. Falls and their consequences; 5. Importance of preventive practices; and 6. Environmental and behavioral risk factors in the elderly's home. CONCLUSION: Knowledge and practices were learned from experiences, background, and educational practices in Primary Health Care, implemented in praxis and mediated by concrete reality and emancipatory dialogue.

Care Practices Between Generations: Ambivalence and Meaning-making Process.

Relationships of exchange and mutual help between family generations are the main factor of survival at older ages, especially in developing countries. However, the demand for care for older parents is primarily attributed to daughters. In addition to the emergence of intergenerational solidarity to carry out this care task, the fulfillment of this personal-collective expectation of care is permeated by many tensions, conflicts, and ambivalences. Thus, we propose to discuss the ambivalence in care practices and the constructions of meaning related to this field, focusing on daughters who assumed the role of caregivers for their older parents. To understand how women deal with this complex situation of multiple demands, two narrative interviews will be analyzed in the light of the theoretical perspective of Semiotic Cultural Psychology. To guide and structure the data analysis, the Trajectory Equifinality Model (TEM) was used, taking the decision to care for older parents as the point of equifinality of the trajectories. The synthesized personal orientation by the daughters towards caring for their parents was characterized by a pendulum movement of dialogical oscillation between traditional and postmodern values, leading to qualitative intergenerational transformations.

Knowledge and practices of elderly women about fall prevention / Conocimientos y prácticas de las ancianas sobre la prevención de caídas / Saberes e práticas de mulheres idosas sobre prevenção de quedas

ABSTRACT Objective Unveil the knowledge and practices of elderly women about the prevention of falls. Methods: Qualitative, exploratory-descriptive research, developed with eight elderly women from a community group at a Basic Health Unit in the state of Paraná. Data were obtained through individual interviews, submitted to lexicographical analysis through the Descending Hierarchical Classification using the IRaMuTeQ® software, and discussed with the theoretical-analytical framework of Paulo Freire's Praxis. Results Six classes emerged: 1. Experiences, background, and practices of Health Education; 2. Advancing age as a factor for the occurrence of falls; 3. Fall prevention practices; 4. Falls and their consequences; 5. Importance of preventive practices; and 6. Environmental and behavioral risk factors in the elderly's home. Conclusion Knowledge and practices were learned from experiences, background, and educational practices in Primary Health Care, implemented in praxis and mediated by concrete reality and emancipatory dialogue.

RESUMEN Objetivo Revelar los conocimientos y prácticas de las ancianas sobre prevención de caídas. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa, exploratoria-descriptiva, desarrollada con ocho ancianas de un grupo comunitario en una Unidad Básica de Salud del estado de Paraná. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante entrevistas individuales, sometidos a análisis lexicográfico utilizando la Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente del software IRaMuTeQ®, y discutidos con el marco teórico-analítico de la Praxis de Paulo Freire. Resultados Surgieron seis clases: 1. Experiencias, vivencias y prácticas de Educación para la Salud; 2. La edad avanzada como factor de ocurrencia de caídas; 3. Prácticas de prevención de caídas; 4. Caídas y sus consecuencias; 5. Importancia de las prácticas preventivas; y 6. Factores de riesgo ambientales y de comportamiento en los hogares de ancianos. Conclusión Los conocimientos y prácticas se aprendieron a partir de vivencias, experiencias previas y prácticas educativas en Atención Primaria de Salud, concretadas en la praxis, mediadas por realidad concreta y diálogo emancipatorio.

RESUMO Objetivo Desvelar os saberes e práticas de mulheres idosas sobre prevenção de quedas. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, exploratório-descritiva, desenvolvida com oito idosas de um grupo de convivência de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde no estado do Paraná. Os dados foram obtidos por entrevistas individuais, submetidos à análise lexicográfica por meio da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente utilizando o software IRaMuTeQ®, e discutidos com o referencial teórico-analítico da Práxis Freiriana. Resultados Emergiram seis classes: 1. Vivências, experiências e práticas de Educação em Saúde; 2. O avançar da idade como fator para ocorrência das quedas; 3. Práticas preventivas de quedas; 4. As quedas e suas consequências; 5. Importância das práticas preventivas; e 6. Fatores de risco ambientais e comportamentais no domicílio de idosos. Conclusão Os saberes e práticas foram apreendidos a partir de vivências, experiências prévias e práticas educativas na Atenção Primária à Saúde, concretizados na práxis e mediado pela realidade concreta e diálogo emancipador.

Processo de cuidado para prevenção de quedas em idosos: teoria de intervenção práxica da enfermagem / Proceso de atención para la prevención de caídas en ancianos: teoría de la intervención práxica de la enfermería / Care process for fall prevention in the elderly: theory of nursing praxis intervention

RESUMO Objetivo analisar o processo de cuidado para prevenção de quedas em idosos na perspectiva teórica e metodológica da Teoria de Intervenção Práxica da Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva. Métodos estudo transversal descritivo de abordagem qualitativa do tipo pesquisa-cuidado, realizado com participantes de um grupo de convivência de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde em Maringá-PR. Os dados foram coletados a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados utilizando a Teoria de Intervenção Práxica da Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva. Resultados realizou-se a captação e interpretação dos dados nas dimensões estrutural, particular e singular, seguido da avaliação de saúde e identificação dos principais riscos intrínsecos e extrínsecos para quedas dos idosos. Os principais diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem foram elencados segundo a CIPE®/CIPESC®. Conclusões e implicações para prática foi possível analisar o processo de cuidado na prevenção de quedas junto aos idosos por meio da perspectiva teórica e metodológica na Teoria de Intervenção Práxica da Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva, sendo proposto um plano de intervenções de enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivo analizar el proceso de cuidado para la prevención de caídas en ancianos desde la perspectiva teórica y metodológica de la Teoría de la Intervención Práxica de la Enfermería en la Salud Colectiva. Métodos estudio transversal descriptivo de enfoque cualitativo del tipo investigación-cuidado, realizado con participantes de un grupo de convivencia de una Unidad Básica de Salud en Maringá (estado brasileño de Paraná). Los datos fueron recogidos a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas y analizados utilizando la Teoría de Intervención Práxica de la Enfermería en Salud Colectiva. Resultados se realizó la captación e interpretación de los datos en las dimensiones estructural, particular y singular, seguido de la evaluación de salud e identificación de los principales riesgos intrínsecos y extrínsecos para caídas de ancianos. Los principales diagnósticos e intervenciones de enfermería fueron enumerados según la CIPE/CIPESC. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica fue posible analizar el proceso de cuidado en la prevención de caídas junto a los ancianos por medio de la perspectiva teórica y metodológica de la Teoría de la Intervención Práxica de la Enfermería en Salud Colectiva, con una propuesta de un plan de intervenciones de enfermería.

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the care process for the prevention of falls in the elderly from the theoretical and methodological perspective of the Theory of Nursing Praxis Intervention in Collective Health. Methods this is a descriptive cross-sectional study with a qualitative approach and care-research method carried out with participants of a community group of a Basic Health Unit in Maringá (Paraná State). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the Theory of Nursing Praxis Intervention in Collective Health. Results data were acquired and interpreted in the structural, particular, and singular dimensions, and consequently, the health assessment was carried out, and the main intrinsic and extrinsic risks for falls among the elderly were identified. The main nursing diagnoses and interventions were listed according to the ICNP/CIPESC. Conclusion and implications for practice it was possible to analyze the care process in preventing falls with the elderly through the theoretical and methodological perspective of the Theory of Nursing Praxis Intervention in Collective Health and propose a nursing intervention plan.

Implementação do atributo orientação comunitária na perspectiva de idosos e profissionais de saúde / Implementación del atributo orientación comunitaria desde la perspectiva de las personas mayores y de los profesionales de la salud / Implementation of the attribute community orientation in the perspective of the elderly and health professionals

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a implementação do atributo Orientação Comunitária no atendimento prestado aos idosos na Atenção Primária à Saúde na perspectiva dos mesmos e de profissionais de saúde. Método: pesquisa qualitativa e avaliativa, desenvolvida com oito idosos e sete profissionais de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de um município no estado do Paraná, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados entre fevereiro e março de 2020 por meio de entrevistas individuais com roteiro construído e orientado pelo Instrumento de Avaliação da Atenção Primária validado no Brasil. Os dados foram organizados e analisados através da construção de Matrizes Avaliativas. Resultados: identificaram-se as demandas e práticas relacionadas ao atributo Orientação Comunitária. Essas corresponderam a ações coletivas, visitas domiciliares, grupos operativos, conselho local de saúde, além do vínculo entre idosos e profissionais de saúde. Considerações finais: avaliou-se que idosos e profissionais têm diferentes perspectivas sobre o atributo Orientação Comunitária, sendo que essas complementam um processo dinâmico do trabalho da atenção primária à saúde com potencialidades e fragilidades.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la implementación del atributo Orientación Comunitaria en la atención prestada a los ancianos en la Atención Primaria de Salud desde su perspectiva y de los profesionales de salud. Método: investigación cualitativa y evaluativa, desarrollada con ocho ancianos y siete profesionales de una Unidad Básica de Salud de un municipio en el estado de Paraná-Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados entre febrero y marzo de 2020 por medio de entrevistas individuales con guion construido y orientado por el Instrumento de Evaluación de la Atención Primaria validado en Brasil. Los datos fueron organizados y analizados a través de la construcción de Matrices Evaluativas. Resultados: se identificaron las demandas y prácticas relacionadas al atributo Orientación Comunitaria. Estas respondieron a acciones colectivas, visitas domiciliarias, grupos operativos, consejo local de salud, además del vínculo entre personas mayores y profesionales de salud. Consideraciones finales: se evaluó que los ancianos y profesionales tienen diferentes perspectivas sobre el atributo Orientación Comunitaria, siendo que estas complementan un proceso dinámico del trabajo de la atención primaria de salud con potencialidades y fragilidades.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the implementation of the attribute Community Orientation in the care provided to the elderly in Primary Health Care from the perspective of them and health professionals. Method: qualitative and evaluative research, developed with eight elderly and seven professionals from a Basic Health Unit of a municipality in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Data were collected between February and March 2020 through individual interviews with a constructed script guided by the Primary Care Assessment Instrument validated in Brazil. The data were organized and analyzed through the construction of Evaluative Matrices. Results: the demands and practices related to the attribute Community Orientation were identified. These corresponded to collective actions, home visits, operative groups, local health council, and the link between the elderly and health professionals. Final thoughts: the elderly and professionals have different perspectives on the attribute Community Orientation, and these complement a dynamic process of primary health care work with potential and weaknesses.

Estudo transversal sobre o transtorno olfatório no COVID-19: características e fatores prognósticos / Cross-sectional study on olfactory disorder in COVID-19: characteristics and prognostic factors

Objetivo: Apresentar as características e os fatores prognósticos da anosmia e hiposmia em pacientes infectados com COVID-19 em uma cidade no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal através de contato telefônico, foi realizada uma pesquisa com questionário pré-estabelecido em uma população de 80 pacientes. Resultados: Entre os 80 participantes da pesquisa, 66,3% eram do sexo feminino. 90% relataram anosmia e 10% relataram hiposmia. 5% dos entrevistados evoluíram o quadro com internação hospitalar. 5% dos pacientes realizaram tratamento, sendo ele a terapia olfatória. Destes pacientes, 75% consideraram a terapia olfatória como um tratamento efetivo. Conclusões: O maior número de disfunção olfatória foi encontrado na menor faixa etária e em mulheres, variáveis associadas a um melhor prognóstico. A perda olfatória está relacionada com um curso mais brando da doença e consequentemente a um menor número de hospitalizações. Evidências apontam a terapia olfatória como um tratamento promissor.

Objective: To present the characteristics and prognostic factors of anosmia and hyposmia in patients infected with COVID-19 in a city in Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study through telephone contact, a survey was carried out with a pre-established questionnaire in a population of 80 patients. Results: Among the 80 research participants, 66.3% were female. 90% reported anosmia and 10% reported hyposmia. 5% of the interviewees evolved the condition with hospitalization. 5% of patients underwent treatment, which was olfactory therapy. Of these patients, 75% considered olfactory therapy to be an effective treatment. Conclusions: The highest number of olfactory dysfunction was found in the lowest age group and in women, variables associated with a better prognosis. Olfactory loss is related to a milder course of the disease and, consequently, to a lower number of hospitalizations. Evidence points to olfactory therapy as a promising treatment.

Compreensão dos profissionais de saúde sobre uma rede de urgência e emergência municipal / Understanding of health professionals about a municipal urgency and emergency network / Comprensión de los profesionales de la salud sobre una red municipal de emergencias y emergencias

Objetivo: avaliar a compreensão dos profissionais de saúde sobre rede de urgência e emergência no município de Camaragibe-PE. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, de natureza quantitativa, realizado no Centro de Especialidades Médicas de Camaragibe. Amostra com 255 profissionais. Coleta de dados por meio de questionário semi-estruturado e análise descritiva. Resultados: o quadro profissional apresentou, em sua maioria, 47,6% de enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem, 63,6% de mulheres, faixa etária entre 30-39 anos (30,1%), tempo de serviço de 1 a 5 anos (31,6%) e relacionamento ótimo (48,1%). Acerca do conhecimento sobre a rede de atenção à saúde, a maioria respondeu atuar no nível secundário (53,9%), serem necessários para existência do serviço de urgência os componentes fixo e móvel (77,7%), e não conhecer o plano municipal de urgência e emergência (73,8%). Conclusão: o estudo evidenciou déficit de conhecimento dos profissionais sobre o plano municipal de urgência e emergência de Camaragibe-PE (AU).

Objective: to assess the understanding of health professionals about the urgency and emergency network in the municipality of Camaragibe-PE. Method: descriptive, exploratory study of a quantitative nature, carried out at the Centro de Especialidades Médicas de Camaragibe. Sample with 255 professionals. Data collection through a semi-structured questionnaire and descriptive analysis. Results: the professional staff had mostly 47.6% nurses and nursing technicians, 63.6% women, aged between 30-39 years (30.1%), length of service from 1 to 5 years (31.6%) and great relationship (48.1%). Regarding knowledge about the health care network, the majority responded that they work at the secondary level (53.9%), that fixed and mobile components (77.7%) are necessary for the emergency service to exist, and that they do not know the plan emergency and emergency municipal services (73.8%). Conclusion: the study showed a lack of knowledge of professionals about the municipal plan of urgency and emergency of Camaragibe-PE (AU).

Objetivo: evaluar el conocimiento de los profesionales de la salud sobre la red de urgencia y emergencia en el municipio de Camaragibe-PE. Método: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio de carácter cuantitativo, realizado en el Centro de Especialidades Médicas de Camaragibe. Muestra con 255 profesionales. Recolección de datos mediante cuestionario semiestructurado y análisis descriptivo. Resultados: la plantilla profesional estuvo compuesta en su mayoría por 47,6% enfermeras y técnicos de enfermería, 63,6% mujeres, edad entre 30-39 años (30,1%), antigüedad de 1 a 5 años (31,6%) y gran relación (48,1%). En cuanto al conocimiento sobre la red asistencial, la mayoría respondió que trabaja en el nivel secundario (53,9%), que los componentes fijos y móviles (77,7%) son necesarios para que exista el servicio de emergencia y que desconocen el plan de emergencia. y servicios municipales de emergencia (73,8%). Conclusión: el estudio mostró un desconocimiento de los profesionales sobre el plan municipal de urgencia y emergencia de Camaragibe-PE (AU).

A utilização dos jogos no processo de ensino/aprendizagem da fisiologia humana: uma revisão das aplicações, vantagens e desvantagens / The use of games in the teaching/learning process of human physiology: a review of applications, advantages and disadvantages

O professor deve utilizar diferentes alternativas para que se tenha o estímulo e o desenvolvimento do aprendizado efetivo, abrangendo a singularidade de cada estudante. Nesse contexto, os métodos práticos podem configurar-se como importante alternativa de ensino da Fisiologia Humana por proporcionar práticas educacionais atrativas, em que o estudante tem a chance de aprender de forma mais ativa, dinâmica e motivadora. Diante disso, o presente estudo objetivou revisar a literatura e analisar a utilização dos jogos no processo de ensino/aprendizagem da Fisiologia Humana, em todos os níveis de ensino, e discutir suas principais aplicações, vantagens e desvantagens. Realizou-se a revisão de estudos publicados em revistas indexadas nas bases: Scielo, Lillacs e Google Acadêmico. Para busca destes estudos utilizou-se os termos: "métodos alternativos", "Fisiologia Humana", "Fisiologia Humana AND ensino", "jogos AND Fisiologia Humana", "métodos práticos AND Fisiologia Humana", e "jogos AND ensino AND Fisiologia Humana". A partir dos artigos analisados, foi possível encontrar três diferentes tipos de jogos (jogos representacionais, jogos didáticos e jogos teatrais). Os jogos representacionais e os jogos didáticos apresentaram vantagens em relação aos jogos teatrais, sendo indicadas suas aplicações para o ensino da Fisiologia Humana, pois podem auxiliar os estudantes na consolidação dos conteúdos, de modo motivante e divertido. Além disso, a utilização desses jogos pode atuar como uma estratégia facilitadora do processo de ensino/aprendizagem da Fisiologia Humana. (AU)

The teacher must use different alternatives in order to have the stimulus and the development of effective learning, covering the uniqueness of each student. In this context, practical methods can be configured as an important teaching alternative for Human Physiology because it provides attractive educational practices, in which the student has the chance to learn in a more active, dynamic and motivating way. Therefore, the present study aimed to review the literature and analyze the use of games in the teaching/learning process of Human Physiology, at all levels of education, and to discuss their main applications, advantages and disadvantages. Were analyzed studies published in journals indexed in the databases: Scielo, Lillacs and Google Scholar. To search for these studies, were used the terms "alternative methods", "Human Physiology", "Human Physiology AND teaching", "games AND Human Physiology", "practical methods AND Human Physiology", and "games AND teaching AND Human Physiology". From the analyzed articles, it was possible to find three different types of games (representational games, educational games and theatrical games). Representational games and didactic games presented advantages over theatrical games, indicating their applications for teaching Human Physiology, as they can assist students in consolidating content in a motivating and fun way. In addition, the use of these games can act as a strategy to facilitate the teaching/learning process of Human Physiology. (AU)

HLA-DRB1 molecules and the presentation of anchor peptides from RhD, RhCE, and KEL proteins.

BACKGROUND: Antigens from the Rh and Kell systems are recognized as the most immunogenic in clinical practice. This study evaluated the possible molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction of antigenic peptides with the DRB1 molecules, which help to explain the high frequency of anti-K and association of D + C antibodies in transfusion and incompatible pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We included 201 patients with antibodies against antigens from the Rh and Kell systems and compare them with 174,015 controls. HLA-DRB1 genotyping and in silico analysis were performed. The NetMHCIIpan software was used to identify RhD-, RhCE-, and KEL-derived anchor peptides that bind to DRB1 molecules. RESULTS: HLA-DRB1*15 is associated with an increased risk of D, C, E, and K alloimmunization, while the HLA-DRB1*01 and *12 alleles are overrepresented in patients with anti-C and anti-D, respectively. In silico analysis showed that three polymorphic points (60I, 68S, and 103S) common to C and D antigens can be presented by several DRB1 molecules, including DRB1*15:01. The DRB1*09:01 molecule, although not showing statistical significance, was able to interact strongly with almost all five anchor peptides from the sequence containing the polymorphic determinants of E antigen, except 217-WMFWPSVNS-225. CONCLUSION: The DRB1*15 molecule has specific physicochemical characteristics in residues 11P and 13R in the P4 pocket that can favor the response to various antigenic peptides. Anti-K alloimmunization is unrestricted for interaction with specific DRB1 molecules, which suggests that almost all individuals in our population have DRB1 molecules capable of binding to KEL-derived anchor peptides and produce anti-K when stimulated.

Serologic and molecular studies to identify neonatal alloimmune neutropenia in a cohort of 10,000 neonates.

Neonatal alloimmune neutropenia (NAIN) is caused by maternal alloimmunisation to fetal human neutrophil antigens (HNAs). This study investigated maternal HNA/HLA alloantibodies involved with NAIN and identified the frequency of NAIN in Brazilian neonates. Neonatal neutropenia (neutrophil count < 1.5 × 109 /L) was investigated in samples from 10,000 unselected neonates, resulting in 88 neutropenic newborns (NBs) and their 83 mothers. Genotyping was performed by PCR-SSP (HNA-1/-4) and PCR-RFLP (HNA-3/-5). Serologic studies were performed by GAT (granulocyte agglutination test), Flow-WIFT (white blood cells immunofluorescence test) and LABScreen-Multi-HNA-Kit (OneLambda®) (LSM). Neonatal neutropenia was identified in 88/10,000 (0·9%) NBs. Genotyping revealed 60·2% maternal-fetal HNA incompatibilities (31·8% for HNA-1; 14·8% for HNA-3; 15·9% for HNA-4; 21·6% for HNA-5). Serologic studies revealed 37·3% of mothers with positive results with at least one technique. The detected anti-HNA specificities were confirmed in eight positive cases related to HNA-1/-3 systems. In cases with maternal-fetal HNA-4/-5 incompatibility, no specific neutrophil alloantibodies were found but anti-HLA I/II were present. Anti-HNA-2 was not identified. This is a large Brazilian study which involved the investigation of antibodies against all five HNA systems in neutropenia cases and showed a frequency of NAIN in 8/10,000 neonates. Among the HNA antibodies identified, we highlight the anti-HNA-1d and anti-HNA-3b, antibodies unusual in alloimmunised women, and rarely related to NAIN cases.

Antibodies against human neutrophil antigens in non-transfused women with red blood cell alloimmunisation induced by pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Alloantibodies against human neutrophil antigens (HNA) resulting from allogeneic exposure may be associated with transfusion-related acute lung injury and immune neutropenia. Understanding the risk factors for the formation of such antibodies could have a great impact on the adoption of measures to prevent potentially fatal transfusion reactions. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of anti-HNA alloantibodies in non-transfused pregnant women with and without red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HNA alloantibodies were investigated in blood samples from 147 pregnant women with RBC alloimmunisation induced by pregnancy as the only allogeneic stimulus (group 1). The control group (group 2) consisted of 563 women with at least one pregnancy without RBC alloimmunisation. Both groups were investigated for the presence and identity of HNA alloantibodies using granulocyte agglutination tests, white blood cell immunofluorescence testing, and the bead-based LABScreen Multi Kit. Genotyping was performed to confirm the specificity of the HNA alloantibodies. RESULTS: Group 1 women had a statistically higher number of HNA alloantibodies compared to group 2 women (9/147 [6.1%] vs 9/563 [1.6%]; p=0.005, OR=4.01; 95% CI 1.5-10.3). Considering only multiparous women, there was a higher statistical significance for the difference in the presence of HNA alloantibodies between the two groups (7/82 [8.5%] vs 9/493 [1.8%]; p=0.002, OR=5.02; 95% CI 1.8-13.9). DISCUSSION: Our data show that RBC alloimmunisation is significantly associated with the development of anti-HNA alloantibodies, corroborating the hypothesis that some individuals are better immune responders and react strongly to allogeneic exposure. The presence of RBC alloantibodies can, therefore, facilitate the identification of individuals with a higher risk of alloimmunisation to antigens from other cells, also acting as a tool to avoid potentially fatal transfusion reactions.

Amiloidose cardíaca: cardiomiopatia infiltrativa com comportamento hemodinâmico restritivo ­ relato de caso / Cardiac amyloidosis: infiltrative cardiomyopathy with restrictive hemodynamic behavior ­ case report

A amiloidose é uma condição rara que descreve um grupo heterogêneo de distúrbios que cursam com a deposição extracelular de agregados proteicos fibrilares em tecidos e órgãos. Relata-se aqui o caso de paciente do sexo masculino, com 76 anos de idade, que, há 2 meses, iniciou quadro progressivo de dispneia aos mínimos esforços. Na investigação, observou-se aumento cardíaco global, e o ecocardiograma evidenciou cardiopatia restritiva infiltrativa e derrame pericárdico. Pela elevada suspeição clínica, foi solicitada ressonância magnética cardíaca, que foi altamente sugestiva de amiloidose cardíaca. Dessa forma, assim como no caso relatado, o acometimento cardíaco possui como principal forma de manifestação o tipo miocardiopatia restritivo, sendo um quadro de insuficiência cardíaca crônica com etiologia de difícil diagnóstico em pacientes acima de 50 anos, com prognóstico bastante reservado. Assim, apesar de permanecer como um desafio diagnóstico para o clínico, sua hipótese deve sempre ser aventada na ausência de outra causa que justifique tais achados (AU)

Evaluation of the influence of light-curing units on the degree of conversion in depth of a bulk-fill resin.

BACKGROUND: It is known that bulk-fill have been widely studied and used by dentists in the clinic. However, the use of light-curing units that do not have the ability to adequately light-cure these materials at the appropriate depth can affect their clinical performance. The aim of this study was evaluating the influence of 5 different light curing units (LCUs) on the degree of conversion (DC) of a bulk-fill resin at depths of 0 to 4 mm and determined the effect of using 20s exposure and 40s. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cylinders of composite were made in a stainless steel matrix (n=10). The specimens were exposed from the top surface using 5 LCUs: Valo® Cordless (VA); Radii Plus (RA); Emitter.D (EM), Biolux Plus (BI), Woodpecker® (WO). The emission wavelength and the power density was determined. After the photoactivation, the Raman vibrational modes were calculated taking as reference the peaks at 1,601 (aromatic bonds C=C) and 1,640 cm-1 (aliphatic bonds C=C). RESULTS: The largest difference in DC in 20s, comparing the values obtained in the first and last layer is for BI, with a variation from 61.24% to 53.86%. Comparing the LCUs, the last layer in 40s DC values are 57.40% (BI), 58.21% (WO), 58.97% (VA), 60.90% (RA) and 62.42% (EM). The higher the dose (J/cm²) and the close the λmax is to the maximum CQ absorption length (λmax ~ 470 nm) the better the DC value. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant difference in the DC values between the LCUs with increasing depth of the bulk-fill increments. Results indicate significant differences in DC among the different LCUs as well as enhanced DC when using 40s exposure compared to 20s. It is suggested that for DC improvement using lower power photoactivator increase the exposure time the exposure time should be 20s to 40s. Key words:Polymerization, Composite Resins, Raman spectroscopy.

Heating and preheating of dental restorative materials-a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: To perform a review on the influence of preheating and/or heating of resinous and ionomeric materials on their physical and mechanical properties and to discuss the benefits and methods of preheating/heating that have been used. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A search was performed in the Pubmed, Scopus, Scielo, and gray literature databases. In vitro studies published from 1980 until now were searched using the descriptors "composite resins OR glass ionomer cements OR resin cements OR adhesives AND heating OR preheating." Data extraction and quality of work evaluation were performed by two independent evaluators. RESULTS: At the end of reading the search titles and abstracts, 74 articles were selected. Preheating of composite resins reduces viscosity, facilitates adaptation to cavity preparation walls, increases the degree of conversion, and decreases the polymerization shrinkage. Preheating of resin cements improves strength, adhesion, and degree of conversion. Dental adhesives showed good results such as higher bond strength to dentin. However, unlike resinous materials, ionomeric materials have an increase in viscosity upon heating. CONCLUSIONS: Preheating improves the mechanical and physical properties. However, there is a lack of clinical studies to confirm the advantages of preheating technique. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Preheating of dental restorative materials is a simple, safe, and successful technique. In order to achieve good results, agility and training are necessary so the material would not lose heat until the restorative procedure. Also, care is necessary to avoid bubbles and formation of gaps, which compromises the best restoration performance.