ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Gantenerumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting amyloid ß protein (Aß) in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). The authors sought to evaluate gantenerumab safety and efficacy in early AD patients. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched until 2 December 2023. Data were examined using the Mantel-Haenszel method and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-regression analysis was conducted to evaluate a possible link between baseline Clinical Dementia Rating Scale - Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) and amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) at follow-up. R, version 4.2.3, was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 4 RCTs and 2848 patients were included, of whom 1580 (55%) received subcutaneous gantenerumab. Concerning clinical scores, the placebo group achieved better rates of change in the Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog13) (SMD -0.11; 95% CI -0.19- -0.03; p = 0.008569; I2 = 0%). Gantenerumab was strongly associated with the occurrence of ARIA-E and ARIA-H: (19.67% vs. 2.31%; RR 9.46; 95% CI 5.55-16.11; p = <0.000001; I2 = 10%) and (21.95% vs. 12.38%; RR 1.79; 95% CI 1.50-2.13; p = <0.000001; I2 = 0%), respectively. DISCUSSION: In this meta-analysis, consistent results suggest that gantenerumab is not safe and efficient for early AD, showing no improvement in clinical scores for AD and being associated with the occurrence of ARIA-E and ARIA-H.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has shown promising results as an adjuvant therapy to statins. However, the efficacy of this agent is still unclear. Hypothesis: The use of CoQ10 mitigates statin-related myopathic pain. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CoQ10 supplementation with placebo in patients taking statins. A random-effects model was employed to compute the mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical analysis was performed using R software 4.3.1. RESULTS: A total of 5 studies and 227 patients were included, of whom 48% were randomized to CoQ10 supplementation. Compared with placebo, CoQ10 had no effects on pain severity score (MD -0.94; 95% CI -3.80 to 1.91; p=0.5), and pain intensity score (MD -1.51; 95% CI -4.09 to 1.06; p = 0.2). Moreover, no association was found with low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (MD -0.07; 95% CI -0.47 to 0.34; p = 0.7). CONCLUSIONS: In this meta-analysis of 5 RCTs, supplementation with CoQ10 did not yield statistically significant results. These findings suggest that CoQ10 has no impact on statin-related myopathic pain.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Within the context of uncontrolled blood pressure telemonitoring, the remote tracking of blood pressure and patient data, offers a transformative avenue. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of the strategic redesign of healthcare services, harnessing information and communication technology (ICT) to enhance hypertension management and blood pressure control in primary care, providing timely interventions, and improving patient outcomes. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for RCTs comparing ICT with usual care in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. A random-effects model was used to calculate the risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: A total of twenty-eight studies and 13,111 patients were included, of whom 7,312 were randomized to ICT and 5,799 to usual care. Compared with standard care, ICT significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (MD -4.44 mmHg; 95% CI -5.55,-3.33; p<0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (MD -1.08 mmHg; 95% CI -1.71,-0.45; p<0.01). There was no significant difference between groups for adherence (RR 1.16; 95%CI 0.89-1.50; p=0.27). CONCLUSION: In this meta-analysis of RCTs of patients with uncontrolled hypertension, ICT was associated with a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, compared with usual care.
Subject(s)
Humans , HypertensionABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an important cause of cardiogenic shock (CS). There is lack of evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) compared with Impella in this population. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for studies comparing VA-ECMO with Impella in patients with CS related to AMI. The systematic review and meta-analysis followed Cochrane recommendations and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We used R version 4.3.1 for all statistical analyses. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled with a random-effects model. RESULTS: We included seven observational studies with 15.903 patients, of whom 12.943 (81.3%) were treated with Impella. There was no significant difference between groups regarding in-hospital mortality (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.37-1.69; p=0.54; Figure 1A), ischemic stroke (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.14-3.35; p=0.64; Figure 1B), acute kidney injury (OR 1.22; 95% CI 0.55-2.70; p=0.62), renal replacement therapy or dialysis (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.33-3.19; p=0.97; Figure 1C), and blood transfusion (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.16-1.72; p=0.28). CONCLUSION: In this meta-analysis, there was no significant difference between VA-ECMO and Impella among patients with CS and AMI for the outcomes of in-hospital mortality, ischemic stroke, acute kidney injury, renal replacement therapy, or blood transfusion.
Subject(s)
Shock, Cardiogenic , Myocardial Infarction , Extracorporeal Membrane OxygenationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The preferred osmotic agent used for brain relaxation during craniotomies remains unclear, either mannitol (MAN) or hypertonic saline (HTS). Hence, we sought to compare these solutions in this population. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched until August 02, 2023. Data were examined using the Mantel-Haenszel method and 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to evaluate a possible link between Brain Relaxation Score and tumor volume. R, version 4.2.3, was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 16 randomized controlled trials and 1031 patients were included, of whom 631 (61%) underwent surgery for supratentorial tumor resection. Compared with MAN, HTS achieved better rates of brain relaxation (80% vs 71%; odds ratio [OR] 1.68; 95% CI 1.22-2.33; P = .001; I2 = 0%), which was also demonstrated in the subgroup analysis of patients with supratentorial brain tumor (78% vs 65%; OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.36-2.99; P = .0005; I2 = 0%); a minor number of patients requiring a second dose of osmotic agent (14% vs 28%; OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.27-0.69; P = .0003; I2 = 0%); a lower fluid intake (mean difference -475.9341 mL; 95% CI -818.8952 to -132.9730; P = .007; I2 = 88%); and lower urine output (mean difference -462.0941 mL; 95% CI -585.3020 to -338.8862; P = <.001; I2 = 96%). Hospital length of stay and focal neurological deficits did not reach a statistically significant difference between groups. CONCLUSION: In this updated meta-analysis, consistent results suggest that HTS is associated with more beneficial outcomes than MAN in patients undergoing craniotomy.
ABSTRACT
Background: The benefit of adding programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors to the treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), both neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) and adjuvant therapy (AT), is not yet fully elucidated. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for randomized controlled trials (RCT) that investigated PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy for resectable stage NSCLC. We computed hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) for binary endpoints, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of seven RCTs comprising 3915 patients with resectable stage NSCLC were randomized to chemotherapy with or without PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as NAT or AT. As NAT, the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy group demonstrated significantly improved overall survival (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.51-0.86) and event-free survival (HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.43-0.67) compared with the chemotherapy alone group. There was a significant increase in favor of the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy group for major pathological response (OR 6.40; 95% CI 3.86-10.61) and pathological complete response (OR 8.82; 95% CI 4.51-17.26). Meanwhile, as AT, disease-free survival was significant in favor of the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy group (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.69-0.90). Conclusions: In this comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs, the incorporation of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors alongside chemotherapy offers a promising prospect for reshaping the established treatment paradigms for patients diagnosed with resectable stages of NSCLC. Moreover, our analyses support that neoadjuvant administration with these agents should be encouraged, in light of the fact that it was associated with an increased survival and pathological response, at the expense of a manageable safety profile.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Paclitaxel and carboplatin is the standard chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. However, the benefit of adding programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors to chemotherapy is still unclear. METHOD: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials that investigated PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus carboplatin and paclitaxel compared with carboplatin and paclitaxel in primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. We computed hazard ratios (HRs) or risk ratios (RRs) for binary endpoints, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used DerSimonian and Laird random-effect models for all endpoints. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. R, version 4.2.3, was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: A total of three studies and 1,431 patients were included. Compared with carboplatin plus paclitaxel-based chemotherapy, progression-free survival (PFS) rate (HR 0.32; 95% CI 0.23-0.44; p < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) at 30 months (RR 3.13; 95% CI 1.26-7.78; p = 0.01) were significant in favor of the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus carboplatin and paclitaxel group in the mismatch repair-deficient subgroup. However, there were no significant differences in the mismatch repair-proficient subgroup for PFS (HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.50-1.08; p = 0.117) or OS at 30 months (RR 2.24; 95% CI 0.79-6.39; p = 0.13). CONCLUSION: Immunotherapy plus carboplatin-paclitaxel increased significantly PFS and OS among patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer, with a significant benefit in the mismatch repair-deficient and high microsatellite instability population.
