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Int J Mol Sci ; 24(20)2023 Oct 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37894871

ABSTRACT

Among malignant neoplasms, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the highest fatality rates due to its late detection. Therefore, it is essential to discover a noninvasive, early, specific, and sensitive diagnostic method. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are attractive biomarkers because they are accessible, highly specific, and sensitive. It is crucial to find miRNAs that could be used as possible biomarkers because PDAC is the eighth most common cause of cancer death in Mexico. With the help of microRNA microarrays, differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were found in PDAC tissues. The presence of these DEmiRNAs in the plasma of Mexican patients with PDAC was determined using RT-qPCR. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic capacity of these DEmiRNAs. Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (GEO) were employed to verify our results. The Prisma V8 statistical analysis program was used. Four DEmiRNAs in plasma from PDAC patients and microarray tissues were found. Serum samples from patients with PDAC were used to validate their overexpression in GEO databases. We discovered a new panel of the two miRNAs miR-222-3p and miR-221-3p that could be used to diagnose PDAC, and when miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p were overexpressed, survival rates decreased. Therefore, miR-222-3p and miR-221-3p might be employed as noninvasive indicators for the diagnosis and survival of PDAC in Mexican patients.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal , Circulating MicroRNA , MicroRNAs , Pancreatic Neoplasms , Humans , Circulating MicroRNA/genetics , Mexico , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics , Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism , MicroRNAs/metabolism , Biomarkers , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Pancreatic Neoplasms
3.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(7)2023 Mar 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37047006

ABSTRACT

miRNAs modulate gene expression and play critical functions as oncomiRs or tumor suppressors. The miR-182-3p is important in chemoresistance and cancer progression in breast, lung, osteosarcoma, and ovarian cancer. However, the role of miR-182-3p in cervical cancer (CC) has not been elucidated. AIM: To analyze the role of miR-182-3p in CC through a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis. METHODS: Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were used for the expression analysis. The mRNA targets of miR-182-3p were identified using miRDB, TargetScanHuman, and miRPathDB. The prediction of island CpG was performed using the MethPrimer program. The transcription factor binding sites in the FLI-1 promoter were identified using ConSite+, Alibaba2, and ALGGEN-PROMO. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed in STRING 11.5. RESULTS: miR-182-3p was significantly overexpressed in CC patients and has potential as a diagnostic. We identified 330 targets of miR-182-3p including FLI-1, which downregulates its expression in CC. Additionally, the aberrant methylation of the FLI-1 promoter and Ap2a transcription factor could be involved in downregulating FLI1 expression. Finally, we found that FLI-1 is a possible key gene in the immune response in CC. CONCLUSIONS: The miR-182-3p/FLI-1 axis plays a critical role in immune response in CC.


Subject(s)
MicroRNAs , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Female , Humans , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Computational Biology , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Immunity , MicroRNAs/genetics , MicroRNAs/metabolism , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology
4.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(1)2023 Dec 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38203443

ABSTRACT

Breast Cancer (BC) was the most common female cancer in incidence and mortality worldwide in 2020. Similarly, BC was the top female cancer in the USA in 2022. Risk factors include earlier age at menarche, oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy, high body mass index, and mutations in BRCA1/2 genes, among others. BC is classified into Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-like, and Basal-like subtypes. These BC subtypes present differences in gene expression signatures, which can impact clinical behavior, treatment response, aggressiveness, metastasis, and survival of patients. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the epigenetic molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation in BC, such as DNA demethylation. Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) enzymes catalyze the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) on DNA, which in turn inhibits or promotes the gene expression. Interestingly, the expression of TET enzymes as well as the levels of the 5hmC epigenetic mark are altered in several types of human cancers, including BC. Several studies have demonstrated that TET enzymes and 5hmC play a key role in the regulation of gene expression in BC, directly (dependent or independent of DNA de-methylation) or indirectly (via interaction with other proteins such as transcription factors). In this review, we describe our recent understanding of the regulatory and physiological function of the TET enzymes, as well as their potential role as biomarkers in BC biology.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , BRCA1 Protein , BRCA2 Protein , Carcinogenesis/genetics , DNA
5.
PLOS Glob Public Health ; 2(12): e0001330, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36962899

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic has demanded governments and diverse organizations to work on strategies to prepare and help communities. Increasing recognition of the importance of identifying vulnerable populations has raised a demand for better tools. One of these tools is the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). The SVI was created in 2011 to identify and plan assistance for socially vulnerable populations during hazardous events, by providing disaster management personnel information to target specific areas. We aimed to evaluate and determine the social vulnerability in different provinces and districts of Peru in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic using an adapted version of the SVI index. Ecological, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted. We adapted the SVI and collected indicators related to COVID-19. We organized and analyzed the population data of the 196 provinces of Peru, using data from government institutions. We found a distribution of high and very high SVI in the mountainous areas of Peru. High and very high social vulnerability indexes, due to the presence of some or all the variables were predominantly distributed in the provinces located in the southern and highlands of the country. The association between mortality rate and social SVI-COVID19 was inverse, the higher the vulnerability, the lower the mortality. Our results identify that the provinces with high and very high vulnerability indexes are mostly located in rural areas nearby the Andes Mountains, not having a direct correlation with COVID-19 mortality.

6.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 82(1)mar. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1505611

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Analizar los cambios en la Densidad de Recursos Humanos en Salud (DRHS) en el Ministerio de Salud a nivel regional y provincial en el Perú; a fin de describir la respuesta del sistema de salud sobre este componente durante la epidemia de COVID-19. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo basado en el análisis de la base de datos nacional de INFORHUS del Ministerio de Salud. Para el cálculo de la DRHS, se consideró como numerador al personal de salud registrado en la base de INFORHUS y como denominador a la población adscrita al Seguro Integral de Salud - SIS. Se excluyó a personal de salud que falleció y aún estaba registrado, y a personal diagnosticado de COVID-19 por prueba rápida o molecular durante los meses considerados en el análisis. Se analizaron los cambios porcentuales de DRHS entre los meses de abril hasta agosto de 2020 a nivel regional y provincial en el Perú. Resultados. En el periodo abril-agosto la DRHS a nivel nacional se incrementó en un 5,1%. A nivel regional este incremento se logró en 15 de las 25 regiones con una variación desde 0,2% hasta 12,3%, y se visualizó una reducción brusca y sostenida del personal nombrado, juntamente con un incremento del personal con contratos temporales. En el resto de las regiones se visualizó una reducción de DRHS la cual varió entre -0,7% hasta -7,7%. Conclusiones. La DRHS en el Perú mostró un leve incremento a nivel nacional durante el primer periodo de cuarentena por la pandemia de COVID-19; sin embargo, este resultado no ha sido equitativo en las diferentes regiones y provincias a nivel nacional. Esto sugiere una limitación en el alcance de las medidas tomadas por el gobierno, y la necesidad de tomar acciones para el fortalecimiento de la situación de salud y despliegue de RHUS en los sectores más desfavorecidos.


Objective. To analyze the changes in the density of human resources in health (DHRH), in the Ministry of Health at the regional and provincial level in Peru, in order to describe the response of the health system on this component during the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods. Descriptive study based on the analysis of the INFORHUS national database of the Ministry of Health. To calculate the DHRH, the health personnel registered in the INFORHUS database were considered as the numerator and the population assigned to the Seguro Integral de Salud - SIS as the denominator. Health personnel who died and were still registered, and personnel diagnosed with COVID-19 by rapid or molecular testing during the months considered in the analysis, were excluded. The percentage changes of DHRH between the months of april to august 2020 were analyzed at the regional and provincial level in Peru. Results. In the april-august 2020 period, in response to the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, Peru increased the DHRH by 5,1%. At the regional level, this increase was achieved in 15 of the 25 regions with a variation from 0,2% to 12,3%, and a sharp and sustained reduction in appointed personnel was observed, together with an increase in personnel with temporary contracts. In the rest of the regions, a reduction in DHRH was observed, which ranged from -0,7% to -7,7%. Conclusions. DHRH in Peru showed a slight increase at the national level during the first quarantine period due to the COVID-19 pandemic, however, this result has not been equitable in the different regions and provinces at the national level. This suggests a limitation in the scope of the measures taken by the government, and the need to take actions to strengthen the health situation and deployment of human resources in health in the most disadvantaged sectors.

7.
Int J Parasitol ; 50(12): 1011-1022, 2020 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32822677

ABSTRACT

Epigenetic mechanisms such as histone acetylation and deacetylation participate in regulation of the genes involved in encystation of Entamoeba invadens. However, the histones and target residues involved, and whether the acetylation and deacetylation of the histones leads to the regulation of gene expression associated with the encystation of this parasite, remain unknown. In this study, we found that E. invadens histone H4 is acetylated in both stages of the parasite and is more highly acetylated during the trophozoite stage than in the cyst. Histone hyperacetylation induced by Trichostatin A negatively affects the encystation of E. invadens, and this inhibition is associated with the downregulation of the expression of genes implicated in the synthesis of chitin, polyamines, gamma-aminobutyric acid pathways and cyst wall proteins, all of which are important in the formation of cysts. Finally, in silico analysis and activity assays suggest that a class I histone deacetylase (EiHDAC3) could be involved in control of the expression of a subset of genes that are important in several pathways during encystation. Therefore, the identification of enzymes that acetylate and/or deacetylate histones that control encystation in E. invadens could be a promising therapeutic target for preventing transmission of other amoebic parasites such as E. histolytica, the causative agent of amoebiasis in humans.


Subject(s)
Entamoeba , Histone Deacetylases/metabolism , Animals , Chitin/metabolism , Entamoeba/enzymology , Humans , Protein Processing, Post-Translational , Trophozoites/enzymology
8.
Rev. Nutr. (Online) ; 31(6): 603-615, Nov.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041290

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective Food insecurity and child malnutrition are central topics in many food programs around the world; however, these indices do not diminish. The creation of strategies is necessary to increase the effectiveness of nutritional improvement programs. The objective of this research was to improve the nutritional quality of three local dishes included in the regular diet of the population by adding amaranth and to evaluate their acceptance by children from three communities in Tochimilco, Puebla, Mexico. Methods The study was carried out in three communities of "Tochimilco", Puebla, Mexico, in order to evaluate three local dishes: banana smoothie, beans and corn tortillas, which were chosen by mothers of the region in participative workshops on preparation of local dishes enriched with amaranth. Two sensory tests were applied: paired-comparison and hedonic scale to 208 and 210 children of preschool and scholar age, respectively. Results It was found that consumers showed similar preference for banana smoothie and beans enriched with amaranth compared to non-enriched dishes; while the amaranth enriched tortilla gained more preference in the different statistical tests and it was the dish with higher content of amino acids. Sensory attributes were similarly assessed and there were no significant differences among rural and urban communities and school year. Conclusion Children easily accept the addition of amaranth to the dishes they are accustomed to, as it does not change their food culture. It is possible to improve child nutrition by designing healthier dishes and incorporating them into the daily cooking of those who prepare the food.


RESUMO Objetivo A insegurança alimentar e a desnutrição infantil são temas centrais de muitos programas alimentares ao redor do mundo; no entanto, esses índices não diminuem. É preciso criar estratégias para aumentar a eficácia dos programas de desenvolvimento nutricional. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo melhorar a qualidade nutricional de três pratos típicos da dieta normal da população local, adicionando amaranto às comidas típicas e avaliando a aceitação dele por crianças de três comunidades em Tochimilco, Puebla, México. Métodos O estudo foi realizado nas três comunidades para avaliar os três pratos típicos desta mesma região: vitamina de banana, feijão e as tortilhas de milho. Estas comidas foram escolhidas por mães da região em oficinas participativas de preparação de pratos locais enriquecidos com amaranto. Dois testes sensoriais foram aplicados: comparação pareada e escala hedônica para 208 e 210 crianças em idade pré-escolar e escolar, respectivamente. Resultados Verificou-se que os consumidores mostraram uma preferência semelhante pela vitamina de banana e feijão enriquecido com amaranto do que os mesmos não enriquecidos; enquanto a tortilha de milho enriquecida com amaranto ganhou mais preferência nos diferentes testes estatísticos e foi o prato com maior teor de aminoácidos. Os atributos sensoriais foram avaliados da mesma forma e não houve diferenças significativas entre as comunidades rurais e urbanas e as notas escolares. Conclusão As crianças aceitam facilmente a incorporação de amaranto nos pratos típicos da dieta delas, pois não repre-sentou nenhuma alteração da sua cultura alimentar. É possível melhorar a nutrição infantil, criando pratos mais saudáveis e incorporando-os na culinária cotidiana daqueles que preparam a comida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Child Nutrition Disorders , Food, Fortified , Child , Child, Preschool , Community Participation , Cooking , Amaranthus , Mexico
9.
Rev Esp Enferm Dig ; 107(12): 732-9, 2015 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26671585

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the resectability and effectiveness of repeat hepatectomy for relapsing liver metastases of colorectal origin in terms of morbidity, mortality, overall survival, and disease-free survival. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on a prospective cohort of patients with colorectal liver metastases who underwent repeat surgery at Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada (Spain), from March 2003 to June 2013. Primary outcome variables included survival and morbidity within 30 days post-surgery. RESULTS: A total of 147 patients with colorectal liver metastases underwent surgical excision during the study period; 61 patients had liver recurrence, and 34 of these received repeat surgery. The overall survival rate at 5 and 10 years for resected patients (n=27/34) was 48% and 48%. Mean hospital stay was 8.9 ± 3.5 days, morbidity was 9%, and mortality was 0%. CONCLUSION: Repeat liver resection for colorectal liver metastases is a safe, effective surgical procedure whose results are similar to those obtained after initial liver resection.


Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Hepatectomy , Liver Neoplasms/secondary , Liver Neoplasms/surgery , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/secondary , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality , Reoperation , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis , Treatment Outcome
10.
Rev. esp. enferm. dig ; 107(12): 732-739, dic. 2015. tab, ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-146740

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: el objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la resecabilidad efectividad de las rehepatectomías en metástasis hepáticas de origen colorrectal recidivadas en términos de morbimortalidad, supervivencia global y libre de enfermedad. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de una cohorte prospectiva de pacientes con metástasis hepáticas de origen colorrectal con cirugía de repetición en el Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada de marzo de 2003 hasta junio de 2013. Las variables principales de resultado fueron la supervivencia y la morbilidad antes de los 30 días del postoperatorio. RESULTADOS: un total de 147 pacientes con metástasis hepáticas de origen colorrectal se sometieron a la extirpación quirúrgica durante el periodo de estudio; 61 pacientes presentaron una recidiva hepática de los cuales 34 se sometieron a una cirugía de repetición. La tasa global de supervivencia a 5 y 10 años para los pacientes resecados fue del 48 y el 48%. La estancia media hospitalaria fue de 8,9 ± 3,5 días, la morbilidad del 9% y la mortalidad del 0%. CONCLUSIÓN: las resecciones hepáticas repetidas para las metástasis hepáticas de origen colorrectal constituyen una operación segura y eficaz, con resultados similares a los obtenidos tras una primera resección hepática


OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the resectability and effectiveness of repeat hepatectomy for relapsing liver metastases of colorectal origin in terms of morbidity, mortality, overall survival, and disease-free survival. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on a prospective cohort of patients with colorectal liver metastases who underwent repeat surgery at Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada (Spain), from March 2003 to June 2013. Primary outcome variables included survival and morbidity within 30 days post-surgery. RESULTS: A total of 147 patients with colorectal liver metastases underwent surgical excision during the study period; 61 patients had liver recurrence, and 34 of these received repeat surgery. The overall survival rate at 5 and 10 years for resected patients (n=27/34) was 48% and 48%. Mean hospital stay was 8.9 ± 3.5 days, morbidity was 9%, and mortality was 0%. CONCLUSION: Repeat liver resection for colorectal liver metastases is a safe, effective surgical procedure whose results are similar to those obtained after initial liver resection


Subject(s)
Humans , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Liver Neoplasms/surgery , Hepatectomy/statistics & numerical data , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology , Liver Neoplasms/secondary , Reoperation/statistics & numerical data , Survival Rate , Treatment Outcome
11.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 14(2): 99-112, Mar. 2015. map, tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-907475

ABSTRACT

Ante el incremento de enfermedades crónico-degenerativas como la Diabetes mellitus (DM), es necesario e indispensable documentar y evaluar farmacológicamente las plantas utilizadas en la medicina tradicional regional para el control empírico de esta enfermedad. Este estudio presenta los resultados de una investigación etnofarmacológica de especies vegetales empleadas empíricamente en una comunidad del sureste mexicano para el control de la DM. La información se obtuvo en una comunidad de Tabasco, México a través de una entrevista estructurada TRAMIL y mediante la consulta de ejemplares de herbario. Se encontró un total de 36 especies vegetales usadas en la comunidad para este tratamiento y todas ellas conocidas por uno o más nombre locales. Las familias más representadas son las Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Meliaceae y Poaceae. Destacan cinco especies por su uso significativo TRAMIL (UST) para el control de la DM, siendo las más importantes Tradescanthia spathacea Sw. y Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen. La importancia de uso en la comunidad enfatiza la necesidad de iniciar estudios farmacológicos sobre la actividad hipoglucémica de estas especies.


Because of the increase of chronic degenerative diseases, such as Diabetes mellitus (DM), it is necessary and indispensable to carry out pharmacological studies in order to identify and to evaluate plant species that are used in regional traditional medicine for empirical control of DM. Results of an ethnopharmacological research on Mexican plants used for empirical control of DM in a community at the southeast of Mexico are presented in this study. Information was obtained from people at a community of Tabasco, Mexico by means of applying a TRAMIL structured interview, and by reviewing herbarium specimens. A total of 36 plant species that are used in the community to control the DM was found, all of those species are known by one or more local names. Botanical families with more species mentioned by people are Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Meliaceae and Poaceae. On the basis of their high TRAMIL significant use (TSU), five plant species are distinguished for local DM control, and two of them are the most important: Tradescanthia spathacea Sw. and Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen. The importance of using those species in the community emphasizes the need to initiate pharmacological studies on the hypoglycemic activity of them.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Ethnopharmacology , Hypoglycemic Agents , Plants, Medicinal , Interviews as Topic , Medicine, Traditional , Mexico , Pharmacognosy
12.
Acta Trop ; 127(2): 126-35, 2013 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23643518

ABSTRACT

Chagas disease is a parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated organism that is transmitted mainly to humans through the infected feces of triatomine kissing bugs (vector transmission in endemic areas) or by transfusion of infected blood, donations of infected organ, or transmission from an infected mother to her child at birth. Chagas disease was first described in 1909 by the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, and due to the parasite's distribution throughout North, Central and South America, the disease is commonly known as American trypanosomiasis. However, this disease is now present in non-endemic countries such as Canada, the United States of America, and several countries in Europe (principally Spain). Moreover, Chagas disease was recently designated by the World Health Organization as one of the main neglected tropical diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize the research efforts recently described in studies conducted in Mexico on Chagas disease. In this country, there are no existing vector control programs. In addition, there is no consensus on the diagnostic methods for acute and chronic Chagas disease in maternity wards and blood banks, and trypanocidal therapy is not administered to chronic patients. The actual prevalence of the disease is unknown because no official reporting of cases is performed. Therefore, the number of people infected by different routes of transmission (vector, congenital, blood transfusion, organ transplantation, or oral) is unknown. We believe that by promoting education about Chagas disease in schools starting at the basic elementary level and including reinforcement at higher education levels will ensure that the Mexican population would be aware of this health problem and that the control measures adopted will have more acceptance and success. We hope that this review sensitizes the relevant authorities and that the appropriate measures to reduce the risk of infection by T. cruzi are undertaken to provide the Mexican people a better quality of life.


Subject(s)
Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Animals , Chagas Disease/prevention & control , Humans , Mexico/epidemiology , Neglected Diseases , Protozoan Vaccines
13.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 57(7): 322-327, ago.-sept. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-87552

ABSTRACT

La obesidad es el resultado de un balance positivo entre la cantidad total de energía ingerida y el catabolismo de esta. Aun siendo muchos los factores implicados en la regulación del metabolismo energético será con el descubrimiento de la leptina cuando se investigue más profundamente sobre la homeostasis energética. Desde su descubrimiento, la leptina ha sido considerada importante en el desarrollo de la obesidad, dado su efecto anorexígeno e influencia sobre la ingesta y gasto energético. La leptina interviene en diversos procesos fisiológicos, como el balance energético, el control del apetito y del peso corporal, el metabolismo de grasas y glúcidos, y en la reproducción. Si bien para su funcionamiento esta hormona cuenta con numerosos receptores específicos a nivel central (hipotálamo) y periféricamente en el músculo esquelético, el pulmón y los riñones. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido revisar los principales aspectos que llevan a la leptina a ser considerada como un factor relacionado con el desarrollo de la obesidad, así como sobre sus potencialidades como agente anorexígeno (AU)


Obesity is the result of a positive balance between total energy intake and its catabolism. Although many factors are involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, the discovery of leptin led to energy homeostasis being investigated in greater depth. Since its identification, leptin has been considered important in the development of obesity, given its anorexigenic effect and influence on food intake and energy expenditure. Leptin is involved in diverse physiological processes such as energy balance, appetite and body weight control, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, and reproduction. However, to be able to function, this hormone has many specific receptors both centrally (hypothalamus) and peripherally in the skeletal muscle, lungs and kidneys. This study aims to review the key aspects relating leptin to the development of obesity and discusses its potential as an anorectic agent (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Obesity/drug therapy , Leptin/therapeutic use
14.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 30(2): 42-50, mayo-ago. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-95494

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron analizar la prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso en la población de escolares valorada y verificar la existencia de una correlación significativa entre ciertos indicadores antropométricos y los niveles de presión arterial sistólica. Material: la población valorada estaba compuesta por 976 escolares de entre 9 y 17 años de edad, pertenecientes a 13 centros educativos públicos de la ciudad de Granada y su provincia. Metodología: estudio experimental basado en la valoración del estado nutricional mediante técnicas antropométricas, determinando peso, talla e índice de masa corporal, seis pliegues cutáneos, los perímetros de la cintura y de la cadera así como la presión arterial en hasta tres ocasiones. Resultados: Se encontró una mayor prevalencia de obesidad en chicas de entre 12 y 13 años(15,1%). En chicos, la prevalencia de obesidad fue inferior hasta la edad de 13 años, después de lo cual los chicos mostraron un creciente incremento en prevalencia de obesidad (12,6%). Se encontró una correlación significativa entre los niveles de presión arterial sistólica y variables antropométricas como el peso y la circunferencia del muslo, el índice de masa corporal y circunferencia de la cadera, aunque con mayor nivel de significación para los chicos. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran un incremento alarmante en la prevalencia del sobrepeso y obesidad entre la población valorada, superando los datos reportados en sudía por el estudio en kid. El índice de masa corporal y el perímetro de cintura constituyen los indicadores más precisos para predecir situaciones de riesgo cardiovascular en la infancia y adolescencia, entre ellas la hipertensión arterial (AU)


Objectives: The objectives of this study were to analyze the prevalence of obesity and overweight in the population of students assessed and verified the existence of a significant correlation between certain anthropometric indicators and levels of systolic bloodpressure. Material: valued population consisted of 976 schoolchildren between 9 and 17 years old, belonging to 13 government schools in the city of Granada and its province. Methodology: experimental study based on the assessment of nutritional status using anthropometric techniques, weight, height and body mass index,six skinfold and waist and hip circumferences and bloodpressure on three occasions. Results: We found a higher prevalence of obesity in girls between 12 and 13years (15.1%). In boys, the prevalence of obesity was lower until the age of 13 years, after which the boys showed a recent increase in prevalence of obesity(12.6%). There was a significant correlation between systolic blood pressure levels and anthropometric variables as weight and thigh circumference, body mass index and hip circumference, but with a higher level of significance for boys. Conclusions: The results show an alarming increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the population assessed, surpassing the data reported in its day by study en Kid. The bodymass index and waist circumference are the most accurate indicators for predicting cardiovascular risk situations during childhood and adolescence, including highblood pressure (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Overweight/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Anthropometry/methods , Nursing Diagnosis , Body Weights and Measures
15.
Endocrinol Nutr ; 57(7): 322-7, 2010.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20605117

ABSTRACT

Obesity is the result of a positive balance between total energy intake and its catabolism. Although many factors are involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, the discovery of leptin led to energy homeostasis being investigated in greater depth. Since its identification, leptin has been considered important in the development of obesity, given its anorexigenic effect and influence on food intake and energy expenditure. Leptin is involved in diverse physiological processes such as energy balance, appetite and body weight control, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, and reproduction. However, to be able to function, this hormone has many specific receptors both centrally (hypothalamus) and peripherally in the skeletal muscle, lungs and kidneys. This study aims to review the key aspects relating leptin to the development of obesity and discusses its potential as an anorectic agent.


Subject(s)
Leptin/therapeutic use , Obesity/drug therapy , Humans , Leptin/physiology , Obesity/etiology
16.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 3(2): 114-120, jun. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-82223

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de Gaucher constituye una enfermedad lisosomal hereditaria que tiene su origen en un defecto a nivel del gen que codifica el enzima betaglucosidasa ácida, cuya deficiencia condiciona la acumulación de glucocerebrósidos en los lisosomas de macrófagos, causando las manifestaciones clínicas del cuadro. En el niño la forma más frecuente es la tipo 2 o variante neuropática, caracterizada por la presencia de visceromegalias, trastornos hematológicos y alteraciones óseas estructurales. A menudo, presenta mal pronóstico, especialmente cuando sólo se disponía de la esplenectomía y trasplante de medula ósea como únicas terapias. Representa la primera enfermedad en la que se ha utilizado terapia enzimática sustitutiva demostrando su seguridad y eficacia durante la última década, permitiendo mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes y disminuyendo su morbimortalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido mostrar una revisión actualizada acerca de la fisiopatología, diagnóstico y manejo clínico-terapéutico de este complejo proceso (AU)


Gaucher disease is an inherited lysosomal disease whose origin lies in a defect at the level of the gene encoding the enzyme acid betaglucosidasa, which deficiency affects the accumulation of glucocerebroside in lysosomes of macrophages, causing the clinical manifestations of the table In children, the most common form is type 2 or neuropathic variant characterized by the presence of visceromegalies, hematological disorders and structural bone changes. Often presents a poor prognosis, especially when they were available splenectomy and bone marrow transplantation as the only therapies. It represents the first disease in which enzyme replacement therapy has been used to demonstrate safety and efficacy over the last decade, enabling improved patients’ quality of life and decreasing their morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to show an updated review about the pathophysiology, diagnosis and clinical management - treatment of this complex process (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Gaucher Disease/diagnosis , Gaucher Disease/therapy , Splenectomy , Vasodilator Agents/therapeutic use , Diphosphonates/therapeutic use , Gaucher Disease/epidemiology , Gaucher Disease/physiopathology
17.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 2(6): 300-304, feb. 2009.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-72873

ABSTRACT

La xerostomía es la sensación subjetiva que el paciente autopercibe ante la escasez o carencia absoluta de saliva en la cavidad oral. También denominada a sialorrea o boca seca, en ningún caso constituye una entidad clínica por sí misma, sino más bien una manifestación de la disfunción de su aparato glandular. Son múltiples las causas que en la actualidad conocemos como originantes de este síntoma. Entre ellas encontramos la diabetes mellitus, el síndrome de Sjögren primario secundario con origen autoinmune, uso de ciertos fármacos entre los que destaca el grupo de los quimioterápicos, así como el empleo de tratamientos basados en la aplicación de radiaciones ionizantes. Por lo general, y a pesar del gran disconfort que origina en el paciente que la padece, la xerostomíano ha ocupado un puesto demasiado importante en la investigación dada su consideración de efecto o síntoma secundario. Sin embargo, el aumento en la supervivencia hace que muchos pacientes, entre ellos los enfermos de cáncer, vean en este síntoma un potencial enemigo que merma a diario su calidad de vida. Nuestro objetivo en esta revisión es ofrecer una actualización sobre los aspectos fisiopatológicos de la misma, así como de los diferentes procedimientos existentes en la actualidad para su diagnóstico y abordaje clínico (AU)


Xerostomia is a condition in which the patient perceives a scarcity or total lack of saliva in his/hermouth. Also called dry mouth, it is not a disease in itself, but rather a direct manifestation of glandulardys function. As such, it may have a wide range of causes. For example, xerostomia maybe a symptom of an underlying disease such as diabetes mellitus or primary and secondary Sjögren’ syndrome, which affects the auto-immune system. It can also be caused by certain medications, especially chemotherapy drugs or treatments which apply ionizing radiation (radiation therapy).Generally speaking, and despite the obvious discomfort suffered by the patient, xerostomia has not been the focus of much research because it has always been regarded as a secondary symptom or effect. However, due to increased survival rates, many patients (especially cancer survivors) perceive it as a potential enemy that significantly lowers their quality of life. The aim of this review is to provide an update of the physiopathological aspects of this condition as well as the different procedures presently used for its diagnosis and clinical management (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Xerostomia/diagnosis , Xerostomia/epidemiology , Xerostomia/therapy , Sjogren's Syndrome/epidemiology , Xerostomia/etiology , Xerostomia/physiopathology , Saliva , Saliva , Xerostomia/complications , Biopsy/methods , Biopsy , Sialography
18.
Arch. Inst. Cardiol. Méx ; 68(1): 51-7, ene.-feb 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-227547

ABSTRACT

La miocardiopatía dilatada (MCD) es un síndrome asociado a muchas enfermedades. La epidemiología, la clinica, los estudios seroinmunológicos y métodos invasivos permiten determinar la etiología de la MCD hasta en el 50 por ciento de los casos. En América Latina una causa de MCD es la infección crónica por Trypanosoma cruzi, que en 30 por ciento de los casos produce miocardiopatía chagásica (MChC). Un estudio ciego en 40 pacientes con MCD exploró la capacidad del electrovectrocardiograma (EVCG) para diferenciarla. Veintiuno de los 40 sujetos tenían datos epidemiológicos y serológicos diagnósticos de MChC, 19 tenían MCD seronegativa y de ditinto origen. No hubo diferencias en la distribución por edad ni sexo. En el grupo con MChC no existían condiciones comorbidas en 50 por ciento de los casos, en el grupo con MCD seronegativa había diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial sistémica y cardiopatía isquémica. Los trastornos del ritmo y de la conducción, así como las manifestaciones de lesión y necrosis, no mostraron diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los dos grupos (p > 0.05). Sin embargo, el grupo con MChC mostró mayor frecuencia de signos de isquemia subepicárdica (p < 0.05), con coronarias epicárdicas normales. Este hallazgo se relaciona probablemente con mecanismos patogénicos que involucran vasos menores


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology , Chronic Disease , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Diagnosis, Differential , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/diagnosis , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/pathology , Hemodynamics , Vectorcardiography
19.
Arch. Inst. Cardiol. Méx ; 64(2): 135-43, mar.-abr. 1994. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-188094

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de Chagas (tripanosomiasis Americana) afecta a más de 20 millones de personas en América. El 30 por ciento de los infectados desarrollan enfermedad crónica, miocardiopatía dilatada, sin tratamiento efectivo. En México el 40 por ciento de los sujetos con miocardioatía dilatada tienen anticuerpos contra Trypanosoma cruzi. En la fase crónica la parasitemia es esporádica y escasa; no es posible detectar el parásito por métodos directos. Comunicamos un método capaz de detectar T. cruzi, sebsible y específico. Dos oligonucleótidos (KNs1 y KNS2), diseñados a partir de la secuencia de ADN de minicírculos de cinetoplasto, se usaron para amplificar la región hipervariable por el método de la reacción en cadena de la ADN polimerasa (PCR). Se logró detectar el equivalente de 0.8 a 1.5 moléculas de minicírculo o 1/12,000 de parásito. AI aplicar el método a muestras de ADN de tejidos de ratones infectados con parásito, se amplificó un producto reconocido por una sonda específica para minicírculos. Estos resultados se correlacionan con estudios inmunohistoquímicos que muestran la presencia tisular del parásito a varios tiempos estudiados. El método desarrollado puede tener aplicación en estudios clínicos, epidemiológicos de campo y de vigilancia en bancos de sangre.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Antibodies , Heart Diseases/etiology , Trypanosoma cruzi/pathogenicity
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