Duchenne muscular dystrophy in a developing country: challenges in management and genetic counseling.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Multidisciplinary management of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) has achieved outstanding results in developed nations. We aimed to describe the status of diagnosis and management of DMD in a developing country through the experience of non-profit organizations. METHODS: A Multistate, multiple-source, population-based survey was performed from medical records of 432 patients. Data were retrospectively collected, reviewed and curated by health specialists; including clinical features, age at first symptoms, age at diagnosis, disease progression and management, family history, education, age and cause of death. RESULTS: There is a delay in noticing first symptoms and it did not diminish over the past 20 years. Less than 30% of patients obtained definite diagnosis and most of them are in physiotherapy programs but not under steroid treatment. In our study, family history does not anticipate recognition of symptoms compared to sporadic cases (p = 0.05). Approximately 93.33% of our patients attended to education programs. Mean age at death was 18.94 +/- 6.73 years and the most frequent cause was pneumonia. CONCLUSION: Delayed diagnosis of DMD in Mexico is mainly caused by the late detection of first symptoms. There is no difference in early detection of symptoms between familiar and sporadic cases. Lifespan of patients in our cohort is reduced compared to developed countries. The late diagnosis and low percentage of definite cases may affect patient management and genetic counseling and could also preclude participation of patients into novel clinical trials.

Distrofia muscular de Duchenne: actualidad y perspectivas de tratamiento / Duchenne muscular dystrophy: current aspects and perspectives on treatment

Introducción y desarrollo. La distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) es una de las enfermedades genéticas neuromusculares de mayor gravedad y frecuencia en niños. Es una enfermedad discapacitante que ocasiona un deterioro progresivo de los músculos y lleva al paciente a la muerte en la mayoría de los casos por problemas cardiorrespiratorios. Hasta hace algún tiempo, la calidad y expectativa de vida de los pacientes eran reducidas y las opciones terapéuticas limitadas; sin embargo, recientemente se ha establecido un conjunto de intervenciones que modifica de manera significativa el progreso de la enfermedad y la calidad de vida de los pacientes con DMD. Se están desarrollando diversos enfoques terapéuticos para corregir molecularmente el defecto genético en estos pacientes. Mientras esto ocurre, es necesario implementar sistemas coordinados para mantener en la mejor condición física posible a los pacientes. Conclusiones. La detección temprana de las complicaciones permite identificar a los pacientes para canalizarlos a un tratamiento adecuado; sin embargo, esto depende del diagnóstico y seguimiento oportuno. La realización de estas intervenciones involucra a un grupo multidisciplinario de alta especialidad y necesita la colaboración del paciente y de su familia (AU)

Introduction and development. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe neuromuscular disease of genetic origin that affects male children. It is characterized by progressive muscle deterioration which results in the patient becoming wheelchair-dependent until death from cardio-respiratory complications. A few years ago, DMD patients’ life quality and expectancy were poor and treatment options limited; valuable recommendations that significantly delay the progress of the disease and improve the patient’s life quality have been brought about recently. Numerous therapeutic approaches are now in development in order to correct the DMD genetic defect at molecular level. In the mean time, a comprehensive system to maintain patients in their best possible physical condition is needed. Conclusions. Accurate detection of complications enables caregivers to determine which patients are at higher risk and to provide treatment accordingly. Nevertheless, all of these efforts are dependent on early clinical and molecular diagnosis, careful record of clinical changes and long-term followup of DMD patients. Furthermore, the involvement of multidisciplinary groups and the patient’s family is essential in said interventions (AU)

[Duchenne muscular dystrophy: current aspects and perspectives on treatment]. / Distrofia muscular de Duchenne: actualidad y perspectivas de tratamiento.

INTRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe neuromuscular disease of genetic origin that affects male children. It is characterized by progressive muscle deterioration which results in the patient becoming wheelchair-dependent until death from cardio-respiratory complications. A few years ago, DMD patients' life quality and expectancy were poor and treatment options limited; valuable recommendations that significantly delay the progress of the disease and improve the patient's life quality have been brought about recently. Numerous therapeutic approaches are now in development in order to correct the DMD genetic defect at molecular level. In the mean time, a comprehensive system to maintain patients in their best possible physical condition is needed. CONCLUSIONS: Accurate detection of complications enables caregivers to determine which patients are at higher risk and to provide treatment accordingly. Nevertheless, all of these efforts are dependent on early clinical and molecular diagnosis, careful record of clinical changes and long-term follow-up of DMD patients. Furthermore, the involvement of multidisciplinary groups and the patient's family is essential in said interventions.