Body Mass Index Profile of Adult Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Multicenter Study in Northeastern Brazil.

Purpose: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a disease of increasing prevalence in developing countries. Obesity has emerged as a potential risk for IBD; however, the data in the literature are conflicting, and relevant studies in Brazil are limited. Here, we report body mass index profile (BMI) of patients with IBD treated at reference centers in three states of northeastern Brazil. Patients and Methods: Observational descriptive study conducted from January 2021 through December 2021 in patient with IBD. Results: Of 470 patients with IBD, 194 (41%) were classified as normal weight, 42 (9%) as underweight, 155 (33%) as overweight, and 79 (17%) as obese; CD patients were significantly more likely to be underweight than UC patients (p=0.031)Overweight patients were older (median age: 47 years) than normal-weight and underweight patients at diagnosis (38.5 and 35.5 years, respectively [p<0.0001]). IBD onset and diagnosis among overweight and obese individuals were associated with older age. More extensive disease behavior patterns predominated in UC, while forms associated with complications were prevalent in CD, irrespective of nutritional status. There was a higher frequency of compatible symptoms with axial joint inflammation among obese patients (p=0.005) and a lower frequency of compatible symptoms with peripheral joint inflammation in underweight patients (p=0.044) than in patients of normal weight. No significant difference in the frequency of different drug or surgical treatments was observed among the groups. Conclusion: Despite the predominance of overweight and obesity in patients with IBD, no differences in the patterns of disease were seen between the overweight and normal-weight groups; however, obesity was associated with IBD onset in older adults and a higher frequency compatible symptom with axial joint inflammation. These data reinforce the importance of monitoring the nutritional status of IBD patients and the need for a multidisciplinary approach, as recommended in the current guidelines.

Visceral adiposity indices and cardiometabolic risk markers in patients with hypertension.

Objective: Arterial hypertension (AH) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We sought to evaluate the association between two adiposity indices (visceral adiposity index [VAI] and lipid accumulation product [LAP]) with traditional markers of cardiometabolic risk in hypertensive patients. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 1,273 subjects with hypertension treated as outpatients at a university hospital. The VAI and LAP were calculated using formulas stratified by sex. Cardiometabolic risk variables were considered: overweight, risk for waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHA), and altered biochemical test values. The predictive effect of independent variables on outcomes was assessed by multivariate linear regression analysis. There was statistical significance when p ≤ 0.05. Results: Higher cardiometabolic risk (according to BMI, WHR, WHA, and altered biochemical parameters) was associated with higher values of VAI and LAP with statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05). The regression models used explained 30.7% and 10.5% of the changes in LAP and VAI, respectively. Conclusion: LAP and VAI are associated with cardiometabolic risk parameters in the individuals evaluated, suggesting that these indices can be used to screen for CVD risk in individuals with AH.

Visceral adiposity indices and cardiometabolic risk markers in patients with hypertension

Abstract Objective: Arterial hypertension (AH) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We sought to evaluate the association between two adiposity indices (visceral adiposity index [VAI] and lipid accumulation product [LAP]) with traditional markers of cardiometabolic risk in hypertensive patients. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 1,273 subjects with hypertension treated as outpatients at a university hospital. The VAI and LAP were calculated using formulas stratified by sex. Cardiometabolic risk variables were considered: overweight, risk for waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHA), and altered biochemical test values. The predictive effect of independent variables on outcomes was assessed by multivariate linear regression analysis. There was statistical significance when p ≤ 0.05. Results: Higher cardiometabolic risk (according to BMI, WHR, WHA, and altered biochemical parameters) was associated with higher values of VAI and LAP with statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05). The regression models used explained 30.7% and 10.5% of the changes in LAP and VAI, respectively. Conclusion: LAP and VAI are associated with cardiometabolic risk parameters in the individuals evaluated, suggesting that these indices can be used to screen for CVD risk in individuals with AH.

Eating disorders in the preoperative phase of bariatric surgery / Transtornos alimentares durante o pré-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica

Introduction: Bariatric surgery is considered the most effective obesity treatment. Obese patients have a high prevalence of eating disorders. Objectives: Evaluate the occurrence of eating disorders and eating patterns in candidates for bariatric surgery and associate eating disorders with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using electronic charts of candidates for bariatric surgery. Data were collected on sex, age, marital status, schooling, occupation, non-communicable diseases, body mass index (BMI), eating disorders, and eating patterns. Results: Among the 281 patients evaluated, eating disorders were detected in 26.7%; 10.3% had binge eating disorder, 6.6% had bulimia nervosa, and 5.3% had the night-eating syndrome. The specific eating patterns were overeating (46.6%), binge eating during periods of stress (9.3%), eating sweets (4%), and snaking (1.3%). BMI ranged from 35.38 to 59.03 kg/m² (mean: 44.37 ± 5.89). All individuals (100%) had systemic arterial hypertension, and 23.3% had type 2 diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia. Conclusions: The frequency of eating disorders was low in the sample studied, the most common of which was binge eating disorder. Non-communicable diseases were associated with eating disorders. Among the eating patterns observed, the most frequent was overeating (AU)

Introdução: A cirurgia bariátrica é considerada o tratamento mais eficaz para a obesidade. Pacientes obesos possuem elevada prevalência de transtornos alimentares. Objetivos: Avaliar a presença de transtornos alimentares e padrões alimentares em candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica, associando os transtornos alimentares aos dados sociodemográficos e clínicos. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de cunho documental, com base em prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica. Foram obtidas variáveis como sexo, idade, estado civil, nível de escolaridade, ocupação, doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, índice de massa corporal (IMC), transtorno e padrão alimentar. Resultados: Dos 281 pacientes avaliados, foi detectado 26,7% de transtornos alimentares, sendo 10,3% transtorno de compulsão alimentar periódica, 6,6% de bulimia nervosa e 5,3% de síndrome do comer noturno. Os padrões alimentares específicos encontrados foram: glutões (46,6%), compulsivos alimentares em períodos de estresse (9,3%), comedores de doces (4%) e beliscadores (1,3%). O IMC variou de 35,38 a 59,03 kg/m² (44,37±5,89), com 100% do grupo apresentando Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e 23,3% com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 ou dislipidemia. Conclusões: Constatou-se baixa frequência de transtornos alimentares na amostra estudada, sendo o transtorno de compulsão alimentar periódica o mais observado. Doenças crônicas não transmissíveis foram associadas com a presença de transtornos alimentares. Dentre os padrões alimentares observados, os glutões foram os mais frequentes (AU)

Triagem nutricional por meio da avaliação subjetiva global produzida pelo próprio paciente (ASG-PPP) em câncer ginecológico / Nutritional screening through patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) in gynecological cancer

O câncer é considerado importante causa de morbimortalidade, estando relacionado ao comprometimento da condição nutricional, que por sua vez, repercute diretamente no manejo clínico e na qualidade de vida. Neste contexto, buscou-se identificar o estado nutricional de mulheres com câncer ginecológico e investigar a associação do estado nutricional por triagem nutricional específica com o estado nutricional pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC), faixa etária e características clínicas através de um estudo transversal, realizado nas enfermarias de ginecologia e oncologia de um hospital universitário, durante julho a dezembro de 2017. Foram avaliadas pacientes com idade ≥ 20 anos, diagnosticadas com câncer ginecológico. O estado nutricional foi identificado utilizando-se a avaliação subjetiva global produzida pelo próprio paciente (ASG-PPP) que classifica em bem nutrido, desnutrição moderada ou desnutrição grave. A altura e peso atual foram obtidos através de balança mecânica e o peso usual foi referido pelas pacientes, sendo utilizados na determinação do IMC e no percentual de peso perdido. Foram estudadas 60 mulheres, com idade média de 54,5 ± 14,17 anos, com diagnóstico predominante de câncer de útero (68,3%). O estadiamento IV foi o mais prevalente (65%), a frequência de desnutrição foi elevada (68,3%), principalmente entre as idosas (81,5%), a perda ponderal ocorreu em 60% do grupo e a necessidade de intervenção nutricional em 91,7% dos casos. Constatou-se nesta amostra de mulheres adultas e idosas, elevada frequência de desnutrição através da ASG-PPP, esses achados ressaltam a importância desta ferramenta na identificação do estado nutricional em pacientes com câncer ginecológico.

Cancer is considered an important cause of morbidity and mortality, and is related to the impairment of nutritional status, which in turn directly affects clinical management and quality-of-life. In this context, we sought to identify the nutritional status of women with gynecological cancer and to investigate the association of nutritional status by specific screening with nutritional status according to body mass index (BMI), age group, and clinical characteristics through a cross-sectional study, carried out in the gynecology and oncology wards of a university hospital, from July to December 2017. Patients aged ≥ 20 years old, diagnosed with gynecological cancer were evaluated. Nutritional status was identified using the patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA), which classifies well nourished, moderately malnourished, or severely malnourished individuals. Current height and weight were obtained using a mechanical scale and the usual weight was reported by the patients, which were used to determine the BMI and the percentage of weight lost. Sixty women were studied, with a mean age of 54.5 ± 14.17 years old, with a predominant diagnosis of uterine cancer (68.3%). Stage IV was the most prevalent (65%), the frequency of malnutrition was high (68.3%), especially among the elderly (81.5%), weight loss occurred in 60% of the group, and there was a need for intervention in 91.7% of cases. In this sample of adult and elderly women, a high frequency of malnutrition through the PG-SGA was identified. These findings highlight the importance of this tool in the identification of nutritional status in patients with gynecological cancer.

Frecuencia de la sarcopenia, la caquexia y los factores asociados en los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en terapia dialítica / Frequency of sarcopenia, cachexia, and associated factors in patients with chronic kidney disease in dialysis treatment

INTRODUCCIÓN: la sarcopenia y la caquexia son síndromes que producen una reducción de la masa muscular esquelética y que se asocian al proceso de envejecimiento y a muchas enfermedades crónicas. OBJETIVO: verificar la frecuencia de la sarcopenia, la caquexia y los factores asociados en pacientes en tratamiento dialítico. METODOLOGÍA: estudio transversal realizado en dos centros de tratamiento dialítico de Recife entre marzo y septiembre de 2016. El diagnóstico de sarcopenia se realizó según el criterio del Consenso Europeo de Sarcopenia, mientras que el de caquexia se hizo por el criterio de la Society for Cachexia and Wasting Disorders (SCWD). Las variables de asociación fueron demográficas (sexo y edad), analíticas (proteína C-reactiva, albúmina sérica, hemoglobina, paratohormona y creatinina sérica) y antropométricas: índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia del brazo (CB), circunferencia muscular del brazo (CMB) y pliegue cutáneo tricipital (PCT). RESULTADOS: se estudió a 66 pacientes: el 43,9 % eran hombres y el 56,1 % mujeres, con una media de edad de 53,15 ± 15,24 años. El 43,9 % eran ancianos. La sarcopenia estuvo presente en el 59,1 % de los pacientes y, entre estos, el 15,2 % presentaban sarcopenia grave. La pre-sarcopenia se verificó en el 4,5 %. En cuanto a la caquexia, se diagnosticó en el 15,2 %. Las variables asociadas a la sarcopenia fueron la albúmina sérica reducida (p = 0,013) y la caquexia (p = 0,039); las relacionadas con la caquexia fueron el sexo femenino (p = 0,036) y el IMC (p < 0,001). CONCLUSIÓN: la principal constatación es la elevada frecuencia de la sarcopenia en los pacientes que realizan terapia dialítica. En los pacientes estudiados, la sarcopenia se asoció significativamente a la disminución de la albúmina sérica. La albúmina sérica reducida es un predictor de mortandad en los pacientes en terapia renal sustitutiva. La frecuencia de la sarcopenia fue elevada en los pacientes estudiados. De este modo, las herramientas actualmente disponibles para evaluar la masa y la fuerza muscular deben aplicarse en la medida de lo posible en la práctica clínica, viabilizando la incorporación de las intervenciones preventivas y terapéuticas apropiadas

INTRODUCTION: sarcopenia and cachexia are syndromes that result in a reduction of skeletal muscle mass, being associated with the aging process and many chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE: to assess the frequency of sarcopenia as well as of cachexia and their associated factors in patients in dialysis treatment. METHODOLOGY: a cross-sectional study conducted in two dialysis treatment centers in Recife between March and September 2016. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was made according to the criteria issued by the Sarcopenia European Consensus, while that of cachexia was made in consonance with the Society for Cachexia and Wasting Disorders (SCWD). The association variables were demographic (age and sex), laboratory (C-reactive protein, serum albumin, hemoglobin, parathyroid hormone, serum creatinine), and anthropometric indicators (body mass index BMI, arm circumference AC, midarm muscular circumference MMC, triceps skinfold thickness TST). RESULTS: the study involved 66 patients, 43.9 % men, 56.1 % women, with a mean age of 53.15 ± 15.24 years; 43.9 % were elderly subjects. Sarcopenia occurred in 59.1 % of patients; of these, 15.2 % presented with severe sarcopenia. Pre-sarcopenia was found in 4.5 %. With regard to cachexia, 15.2 % were diagnosed with this syndrome. The variables associated with sarcopenia were reduced serum albumin (p = 0.013) and cachexia (p = 0.039), and those associated with cachexia were female gender (p = 0.036) and BMI (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: the main finding of the present study was the high frequency of sarcopenia found in patients on treatment with dialysis. In the patients studied, sarcopenia was significantly associated with a decrease in serum albumin. Reduced serum albumin is a predictor of mortality in patients on renal replacement therapy. A high frequency of sarcopenia has been observed among study patients. Thus, the tools currently available to assess muscle mass and muscle strength should be implemented as much as possible in clinical practice to enable the incorporation of appropriate preventive and therapeutic interventions

[Frequency of sarcopenia, cachexia, and associated factors in patients with chronic kidney disease in dialysis treatment]. / Frecuencia de la sarcopenia, la caquexia y los factores asociados en los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en terapia dialítica.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: sarcopenia and cachexia are syndromes that result in a reduction of skeletal muscle mass, being associated with the aging process and many chronic diseases. Objective: to assess the frequency of sarcopenia as well as of cachexia and their associated factors in patients in dialysis treatment. Methodology: a cross-sectional study conducted in two dialysis treatment centers in Recife between March and September 2016. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was made according to the criteria issued by the Sarcopenia European Consensus, while that of cachexia was made in consonance with the Society for Cachexia and Wasting Disorders (SCWD). The association variables were demographic (age and sex), laboratory (C-reactive protein, serum albumin, hemoglobin, parathyroid hormone, serum creatinine), and anthropometric indicators (body mass index BMI, arm circumference AC, midarm muscular circumference MMC, triceps skinfold thickness TST). Results: the study involved 66 patients, 43.9 % men, 56.1 % women, with a mean age of 53.15 ± 15.24 years; 43.9 % were elderly subjects. Sarcopenia occurred in 59.1 % of patients; of these, 15.2 % presented with severe sarcopenia. Pre-sarcopenia was found in 4.5 %. With regard to cachexia, 15.2 % were diagnosed with this syndrome. The variables associated with sarcopenia were reduced serum albumin (p = 0.013) and cachexia (p = 0.039), and those associated with cachexia were female gender (p = 0.036) and BMI (p < 0.001). Conclusion: the main finding of the present study was the high frequency of sarcopenia found in patients on treatment with dialysis. In the patients studied, sarcopenia was significantly associated with a decrease in serum albumin. Reduced serum albumin is a predictor of mortality in patients on renal replacement therapy. A high frequency of sarcopenia has been observed among study patients. Thus, the tools currently available to assess muscle mass and muscle strength should be implemented as much as possible in clinical practice to enable the incorporation of appropriate preventive and therapeutic interventions.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: la sarcopenia y la caquexia son síndromes que producen una reducción de la masa muscular esquelética y que se asocian al proceso de envejecimiento y a muchas enfermedades crónicas. Objetivo: verificar la frecuencia de la sarcopenia, la caquexia y los factores asociados en pacientes en tratamiento dialítico. Metodología: estudio transversal realizado en dos centros de tratamiento dialítico de Recife entre marzo y septiembre de 2016. El diagnóstico de sarcopenia se realizó según el criterio del Consenso Europeo de Sarcopenia, mientras que el de caquexia se hizo por el criterio de la Society for Cachexia and Wasting Disorders (SCWD). Las variables de asociación fueron demográficas (sexo y edad), analíticas (proteína C-reactiva, albúmina sérica, hemoglobina, paratohormona y creatinina sérica) y antropométricas: índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia del brazo (CB), circunferencia muscular del brazo (CMB) y pliegue cutáneo tricipital (PCT). Resultados: se estudió a 66 pacientes: el 43,9 % eran hombres y el 56,1 % mujeres, con una media de edad de 53,15 ± 15,24 años. El 43,9 % eran ancianos. La sarcopenia estuvo presente en el 59,1 % de los pacientes y, entre estos, el 15,2 % presentaban sarcopenia grave. La pre-sarcopenia se verificó en el 4,5 %. En cuanto a la caquexia, se diagnosticó en el 15,2 %. Las variables asociadas a la sarcopenia fueron la albúmina sérica reducida (p = 0,013) y la caquexia (p = 0,039); las relacionadas con la caquexia fueron el sexo femenino (p = 0,036) y el IMC (p < 0,001). Conclusión: la principal constatación es la elevada frecuencia de la sarcopenia en los pacientes que realizan terapia dialítica. En los pacientes estudiados, la sarcopenia se asoció significativamente a la disminución de la albúmina sérica. La albúmina sérica reducida es un predictor de mortandad en los pacientes en terapia renal sustitutiva. La frecuencia de la sarcopenia fue elevada en los pacientes estudiados. De este modo, las herramientas actualmente disponibles para evaluar la masa y la fuerza muscular deben aplicarse en la medida de lo posible en la práctica clínica, viabilizando la incorporación de las intervenciones preventivas y terapéuticas apropiadas.

Discriminative power of an adapted version of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 applied to Brazilian older adults.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the discriminative power of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002. METHODS: A cross sectional study involving one hundred participants aged ≥60 years. The original and adapted versions of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 and the Mini Nutritional Assessment were used. Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 adaptation consisted of a lower age cutoff (60 years or older) for addition of one extra point to the final score. RESULTS: Screening using Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 revealed higher nutritional risk among patients aged ≥70 years (p=0.009), whereas screening using the adapted version of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 revealed similar nutritional risk in both age groups (60-69 years and ≥70 years; p=0.117). Frequency of nutritional risk was highest when the Mini Nutritional Assessment was administered (52.7%), followed by the adapted and original versions of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (35.5% and 29.1%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The adapted version of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 was more effective than the original version. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIC WAIST AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and its associated factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: This is an observational analytical study with individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus, aged 5 to 18 years, of both genders, followed in a university hospital in the Brazilian Northeast. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured, and the lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin were analyzed. The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was defined by the simultaneous presence of increased waist circumference (≥90th percentile for age and gender) and elevated serum triglyceride levels (≥75 mg/dL for children and ≥90 mg/dL for adolescents). We also investigated the family history of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, as well as sociodemographic and behavioral variables. In the statistical inference tests, the proportions were compared by Pearson's chi-square test -and/-or Fisher's exact test, being significant p<0.05. RESULTS: A total of 102 patients were evaluated, most of them females (54.9%) and adolescents (66.7%). The frequency of hypertriglyceridemic waist was 23.5%, which was associated with females (p=0.043), overweight (p=0.023), hypercholesterolemia (p=0.002), high LDL (p=0.001), and borderline VLDL (<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was associated with females, atherogenic lipid profile, and overweight, indicating the importance of the nutritional monitoring of this population, aiming at reducing future cardiovascular diseases.

Associações do Risco nutricional com tempo de internamento e complicações hospitalares: estudo em pacientes de ginecologia do NE do Brasil / Nutritional risk among ginecology patients

OBJETIVO: Identificar o risco nutricional em pacientes admitidas na clínica de ginecologia e associá-lo ao tempo de internamento e às complicações hospitalares. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, com amostra de conveniência, realizado no período de 6 meses, pacientes de ginecologia (mulheres adultas e idosas). A avaliação do risco nutricional foi realizada nas primeiras 48 horas da admissão utilizando-se a Triagem de Risco Nutricional 2002 - Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) adaptada por Hertlein et al. para pacientes de ginecologia. O tempo de internamento (em dias) correspondeu à diferença entre o dia da admissão e o da alta hospitalar, e as complicações foram transcritas do prontuário diariamente para cada paciente. Para análise estatística foram usados os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson, Teste exato de Fisher, Teste de Mann-Whitney e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, O valor de p < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significante. RESULTADOS: Foram estudas 111 pacientes≤ 60 anos (73%), com 32,4%em risco nutricional. Deste grupo, 88,2% tinham ingestão alimentar <50% que o habitual, 70,8% apresentou perda de peso significativa nos últimos seis meses, 53,7% tinham neoplasias, 75% tinham o IMC<20,5 e 21,8% foram tratadas cirurgicamente. Foi verificada correlação positiva e significativa entre o risco nutricional e o tempo de internamento (r=0,392; p < 0,001). O risco não esteve associado à faixa etária e presença de complicações hospitalares. CONCLUSÕES: Um número significativo de mulheres estava em risco nutricional, o que sugere a importância deste diagnóstico em pacientes de ginecológicos. Este risco foi associado com maior tempo de hospitalização

OBJECTIVE: Identify nutritional risk among patients admitted to a gynecological clinic and associate this risk with hospitalization stay and clinical complications. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample for 6 months, involving 111 gynecological patients (adults and older adults). The assessment of nutritional risk was performed in the first 48 hours after admission using the 2002 Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002) adapted by Hertlein et al. for gynecology patients. Internment time (in days) was calculated as the difference between the day of admission and discharge. Complications were transcribed from daily entries in the patient charts. Statistical analysis involved Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact text, the Mann-Whitney test and the calculation of Spearman's correlation coefficients. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 32.4% of the patients were classified in a state of nutritional risk, 88.2% of whom had food intake < 50% of habitual intake, 70.8% of whom experienced significant weight loss in the previous six months, 53.7% of whom had a diagnosis of neoplasm, 75% of whom had a body mass index < 20.5 and 21.8% of whom had been submitted to surgery. A significant, positive correlation was found between nutritional risk and hospitalization stay (r=0.392; p < 0.001). Nutritional risk was not associated with age group or the clinical complications. CONCLUSIONS: A significant number of women in the present study were in a state of nutritional risk, which underscores the importance of diagnosing this condition among gynecological patients. Nutritional risk was associated with a longer hospitalization stay

Discriminative power of an adapted version of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 applied to Brazilian older adults / Poder diagnóstico discriminativo da versão adaptada do Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 administrada em idosos brasileiros

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the discriminative power of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002. Methods: A cross sectional study involving one hundred participants aged ≥60 years. The original and adapted versions of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 and the Mini Nutritional Assessment were used. Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 adaptation consisted of a lower age cutoff (60 years or older) for addition of one extra point to the final score. Results: Screening using Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 revealed higher nutritional risk among patients aged ≥70 years (p=0.009), whereas screening using the adapted version of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 revealed similar nutritional risk in both age groups (60-69 years and ≥70 years; p=0.117). Frequency of nutritional risk was highest when the Mini Nutritional Assessment was administered (52.7%), followed by the adapted and original versions of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (35.5% and 29.1%, respectively). Conclusion: The adapted version of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 was more effective than the original version. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o poder de discriminação diagnóstica da ferramenta Nutritional Risk Screening 2002. Métodos: Estudo transversal com cem participantes com idade ≥60 anos. Foram aplicados o Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 original, o Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 adaptado e o Mini Nutritional Assessment. A adaptação do Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 consistiu em diminuir o critério de idade, incluindo pontuação adicional para 60 anos de idade ou mais. Resultados: Maior risco nutricional ocorreu nos ≥70 anos quando aplicado o Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 original (p=0,009), enquanto o Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 adaptado apresentou risco nutricional semelhante em ambos os grupos (60-69 anos e ≥70 anos; p=0,117). A frequência de risco nutricional foi maior no Mini Nutritional Assessment (52,7%), seguido do Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 adaptado (35,5%) e do Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 original (29,1%). Conclusão: A adaptação do Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 mostrou-se descritivamente mais eficaz do que a original, porém mais estudos devem ser realizados para confirmar os achados.

Hypertriglyceridemic waist and associated factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus / Cintura hipertrigliceridêmica e fatores associados em crianças e adolescentes portadores de diabetes melito tipo 1

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the frequency of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and its associated factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This is an observational analytical study with individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus, aged 5 to 18 years, of both genders, followed in a university hospital in the Brazilian Northeast. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured, and the lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin were analyzed. The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was defined by the simultaneous presence of increased waist circumference (≥90th percentile for age and gender) and elevated serum triglyceride levels (≥75 mg/dL for children and ≥90 mg/dL for adolescents). We also investigated the family history of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, as well as sociodemographic and behavioral variables. In the statistical inference tests, the proportions were compared by Pearson's chi-square test ­and/­or Fisher's exact test, being significant p<0.05. Results: A total of 102 patients were evaluated, most of them females (54.9%) and adolescents (66.7%). The frequency of hypertriglyceridemic waist was 23.5%, which was associated with females (p=0.043), overweight (p=0.023), hypercholesterolemia (p=0.002), high LDL (p=0.001), and borderline VLDL (<0.001). Conclusions: The frequency of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was associated with females, atherogenic lipid profile, and overweight, indicating the importance of the nutritional monitoring of this population, aiming at reducing future cardiovascular diseases.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a frequência do fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica e analisar seus fatores associados em crianças e adolescentes portadores de diabetes melito tipo 1. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional analítico com indivíduos com diabetes melito tipo 1, de cinco a 18 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, acompanhados em um hospital universitário do Nordeste brasileiro. Foram realizadas medidas de peso, altura e circunferência da cintura, além da análise do perfil lipídico e da hemoglobina glicada. O fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica foi definido pela presença simultânea da circunferência da cintura aumentada (≥percentil 90 por idade e sexo) e dos níveis séricos de triglicerídeos elevados (≥75 mg/dL para crianças e ≥90 mg/dL para adolescentes). Investigaram-se, ainda, os antecedentes familiares para doenças cardiovasculares e diabetes, e também variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais. Nos testes de inferência estatística, as proporções foram comparadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson e/ou exato de Fisher, sendo significante p<0,05. Resultados: Foram avaliados 102 pacientes, com predomínio do sexo feminino (54,9%) e de adolescentes (66,7%). A frequência de cintura hipertrigliceridêmica foi de 23,5%; a qual apresentou associação com o sexo feminino (p=0,043), excesso de peso (p=0,023), hipercolesterolemia (p=0,002), LDL elevado (p=0,001) e VLDL em valores limítrofes (<0,001). Conclusões: A frequência do fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica foi associada ao sexo feminino, ao perfil lipídico aterogênico e ao excesso ponderal, evidenciando a importância do acompanhamento nutricional dessa população, visando à redução de agravos cardiovasculares futuros.

Consumption of ultraprocessed foods, nutritional status, and dyslipidemia in schoolchildren: a cohort study.

This study evaluates the relation between consumption of ultraprocessed foods, nutritional status, and dyslipidemia in schoolchildren from Recife/PE, Brazil. This is a cohort study conducted in 2008-2009 and 2012-2013, with 238 students recruited from the public school system of the city of Recife, Northeast Brazil. Demographic data, stage of sexual maturation, socioeconomic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and lipid profiles were collected. There was a high prevalence of overweight, abdominal obesity, and dyslipidemia in both the time periods. The number of teenagers sufficiently active was higher in 2012-2013. There was a positive correlation between the consumption of ultraprocessed foods and age in 2008-2009. In 2008-2009, high consumption of ultraprocessed foods occurred in the majority of adolescents with normal total serum cholesterol values. In 2012-2013, low maternal schooling proved to be an important factor for a lower consumption of ultraprocessed foods. The consumption of ultraprocessed foods showed no direct relationship with overweight, abdominal obesity, and dyslipidemia in adolescents.

Comparação da especificidade e sensibilidade entre os métodos de triagem nutricional Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 e Graz Malnutrition Screening em pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados / Comparison of specificity and sensitivity among Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 and Graz Malnutrition Screening methods in hospitalized cancer patients

INTRODUÇÃO: Para a população oncológica, a Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida pelo Próprio Paciente (ASG-PPP) é padrão ouro, contudo outros métodos, como a Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) e a Graz Malnutrition Screening (GMS), parecem ser úteis. OBJETIVO: Comparar os métodos de triagem nutricional NRS 2002 e GMS em pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados em um hospital público do Recife-PE. METODOLOGIA: Estudo observacional descritivo, com pacientes oncológicos internados no Hospital dos Servidores do Estado de Pernambuco (HSE-PE) no período de julho a outubro de 2017, submetidos a ferramentas de triagem nutricional: NRS 2002, GMS e a ASG-PPP. RESULTADOS: 68 pacientes foram avaliados, sendo 63% do sexo feminino e 63% idosos.78% estavam internados na enfermaria oncológica, 19% na enfermaria de clinica Médica e 3% na enfermaria cirúrgica. As frequências de risco nutricional foram 91% pela GMS, 88% pela ASG-PPP e 85% pela NRS 2002. A sensibilidade encontrada para o NRS 2002 foi de 91,7% e, para GMS, 98,3%. Para especificidade, valor semelhante foi observado para ambos os instrumentos (62,5%). DISCUSSÃO: Na amostra estudada, foi observado que entre as ferramentas GMS e NRS 2002, a GMS mostrou-se mais sensível, sendo assim um instrumento útil para o adequado diagnóstico do risco nutricional em pacientes oncológicos. CONCLUSÃO: As triagens nutricionais GMS e NRS 2002 apresentaram excelente sensibilidade em relação a ASG-PPP na identificação do risco nutricional, com destaque para a GMS, porém reduzida especificidade ao identificar o grupo sem risco nutricional, quando comparadas à ASG-PPP que é a triagem validada para o paciente oncológico

INTRODUCTION: For the oncological population, Subjective Global Evaluation Produced by the Patient (ASG-PPP) is gold standard, but other methods, such as Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) and Graz Malnutrition Screening (GMS), seem to be useful. OBJECTIVE: To compare the nutritional screening methods NRS 2002 and GMS in oncology patients hospitalized in a public hospital in Recife-PE. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive, observational study with oncologic patients hospitalized at the Hospital Servidores do Estado de Pernambuco (HSE-PE) from July to October 2017, submitted to nutritional screening tools: NRS 2002, GMS and ASG-PPP. RESULTS: 68 patients were evaluated, being 63% female and 63% elderly.78% were hospitalized in the oncology ward, 19% in the medical clinic ward and 3% in the surgical ward. The frequencies of nutritional risk were 91% for GMS, 88% for ASG-PPP and 85% for NRS 2002. The sensitivity found for NRS 2002 was 91.7% and, for GMS, 98.3%. For specificity, a similar value was observed for both instruments (62.5%). DISCUSSION: In the sample studied, it was observed that between the GMS and NRS 2002 tools, MSG was more sensitive and therefore a useful tool for the adequate diagnosis of nutritional risk in cancer patients. CONCLUSION: GMS and NRS 2002 showed excellent sensitivity in relation to ASG-PPP in the identification of nutritional risk, with emphasis on MSG, but a reduced specificity when identifying the group without nutritional risk, when compared to the ASG-PPP, which is the validated screening for cancer patients

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Prevalence and factors associated with fat-soluble vitamin deficiency in adolescents.

BACKGROUND: fat-soluble vitamin deficiency may be a health problem not recognized in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the deficiency of vitamins A, D and E among adolescent students from Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: transversal study with adolescents aged 12 to 19 of both genders. A questionnaire to collect socioeconomic and lifestyle data and food intake was applied to adolescents. Then, an anthropometric evaluation and a blood sampling were performed to analyze serum concentrations of retinol, ß-carotene, α-tocopherol and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D). RESULTS: the intake of vitamins A (50.3%), E (94.0%) and D (99.8%), as well as α-tocopherol (88.1%), ß-carotene (74.1%), 25(OH)D (50.9%) and retinol (46.6%) serum levels were mostly deficient/insufficient. An increased risk of α-tocopherol deficiency was observed in girls (PR = 1.11) and an increased risk of 25(OH)D deficiency was observed in boys (PR = 1.41). An increased likelihood of ß-carotene (PR = 1.14) and 25(OH) D (PR = 1.38) insufficiency was observed in overweight individuals. CONCLUSIONS: the adolescents had a deficit in the intake and in serum levels of fat-soluble vitamins. The greatest risk of inadequacy was associated with gender and weight excess. However, the behavior of fat-soluble vitamins in adolescents needs further research.

Factors that influence the redox state in children: An exploratory study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of the redox state via malondialdehyde (MDA) as a lipid peroxidation biomarker and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity (HAC) with dietary, anthropometric, demographic, socio-economic and clinical variables as well as the serum concentrations of vitamins in children aged 20-36 months. This cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2013 to May 2014 and included a total of 100 children. METHODS: The variables studied included anthropometric measurements, dietary intake by the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), socio-demographic features, clinical attributes, serum redox status, and serum vitamin concentrations. RESULTS: Children with a family income above the minimum wage and adequate body mass index (BMI) presented higher HAC. The MDA concentration was higher in children older than 24 months. Breastfeeding for up to 120 days provided greater antioxidant capacity. Children classified in the 2nd tertile for "fruit and vegetables" and "milk and dairy products" consumption showed lower levels of MDA. There was a positive correlation of MDA with serum vitamin A levels. These results show that among children in the 20-36 months age group, family income, breastfeeding, BMI and intake of fruits and vegetables can have an influence on the imbalance of the redox state. CONCLUSION: One strategy to prevent the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants could be for health professionals to raise awareness among families, as such knowledge could repress/prevent the progression/initiation of several diseases in adult life.

Prevalence and factors associated with fat-soluble vitamin deficiency in adolescents / Prevalencia y factores asociados a la deficiencia de vitaminas liposolubles en adolescentes

Background: fat-soluble vitamin deficiency may be a health problem not recognized in children and adolescents. Objective: to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the deficiency of vitamins A, D and E among adolescent students from Northeastern Brazil. Methods: transversal study with adolescents aged 12 to 19 of both genders. A questionnaire to collect socioeconomic and lifestyle data and food intake was applied to adolescents. Then, an anthropometric evaluation and a blood sampling were performed to analyze serum concentrations of retinol, beta-carotene, alfa-tocopherol and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D).Results: the intake of vitamins A (50.3%), E (94.0%) and D (99.8%), as well as alfa-tocopherol (88.1%), beta-carotene (74.1%), 25(OH)D (50.9%) and retinol (46.6%) serum levels were mostly deficient/insufficient. An increased risk of α-tocopherol deficiency was observed in girls (PR = 1.11) and an increased risk of 25(OH)D deficiency was observed in boys (PR = 1.41). An increased likelihood of β-carotene (PR = 1.14) and 25(OH) D (PR = 1.38) insufficiency was observed in overweight individuals. Conclusions: the adolescents had a deficit in the intake and in serum levels of fat-soluble vitamins. The greatest risk of inadequacy was associated with gender and weight excess. However, the behavior of fat-soluble vitamins in adolescents needs further research

Introducción: la deficiencia de vitaminas liposolubles puede ser un problema de salud no reconocido en niños y adolescentes. Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la deficiencia de las vitaminas A, D y E entre adolescentes escolares del nordeste de Brasil. Métodos: estudio transversal con adolescentes de 12 a 19 años de ambos sexos. Se utilizó un cuestionario para la recolección de datos socioeconómicos, de estilo de vida y de consumo alimentario de los adolescentes. A continuación, se realizó la evaluación antropométrica y la recolección de sangre para el análisis de las concentraciones séricas de retinol, beta-caroteno, alfa-tocoferol y 25-hidroxivitamina D (25[OH]D). Resultados: la ingesta de vitaminas A (50,3%), E (94,0%) y D (99,8%), así como los niveles séricos del alfa-tocoferol (88,1%), (R)-caroteno (74,1%), 25(OH)D (50,9%) y retinol (46,6%) se presentaron en su mayoría deficientes/insuficientes. Se observó un mayor riesgo de deficiencia del alfa-tocoferol en las niñas (RP = 1,11), y mayor riesgo de insuficiencia de 25(OH)D en los niños (RP = 1,41), así como mayor probabilidad de insuficiencia del (R)-caroteno (RP = 1,14) y 25(OH)D (RP = 1,38) en el exceso de peso. Conclusiones: los adolescentes presentaron déficit en el consumo y en los niveles séricos de las vitaminas liposolubles. El mayor riesgo de inadecuación estuvo asociado al sexo y el exceso de peso, sin embargo el comportamiento de las vitaminas hiposolubles en los adolescentes necesita una mayor investigación

Anemia, nutritional status and inflammatory activity in patients with gastrointestinal tumors in the preoperative phase / Anemia, estado nutricional y actividad inflamatoria de pacientes con tumores gastrointestinales en el preoperatorio

Introduction: Weight loss, especially the loss of lean mass, and anemia are common in patients with gastrointestinal tumors and systemic inflammation is considered an aggravating factor. Objective: Investigate the nutritional status, occurrence of anemia and inflammatory activity in patients with gastrointestinal tumors in the preoperative phase. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in northeastern Brazil involving patients with gastrointestinal tumors with no previous treatment. Evaluations involved anthropometrics, biochemical blood analysis and a subjective nutritional assessment (patient's opinion). Results and discussion: The prevalence of undernutrition was high based on the subjective nutritional assessment (97.9%), percentage weight loss (97.9%), triceps skin fold (83.3%), arm circumference (72.9%) and arm muscle circumference (64.6%). A significant reduction between the habitual and current body mass index was found in the entire sample of adults and elderly individuals (p < 0.001). Albumin and transferrin were below normal in 97.9% of the sample and C-reactive protein was high in all patients. A large portion of the sample exhibited normochromic normocytic anemia (45.8%) and the majority exhibited immune depletion based on total lymphocyte count (72.9%). The percentage weight loss was significantly associated with the time since the onset of symptoms (r = 0.574; p < 0.001). Conclusion: High prevalence rates of anemia, undernutrition and systemic inflammation were found in patients with gastrointestinal tumors. The onset of symptoms occurred long before the diagnosis, which underscores the need for nutritional intervention as soon as gastrointestinal disorders arise in order to minimize complications in the postoperative period

Introducción: La pérdida de peso, principalmente masa magra, y la anemia son frecuentes entre pacientes con neoplasias gastrointestinales, siendo la inflamación sistémica considerada un factor agravante. Objetivos: Investigar el estado nutricional, la presencia de anemia y la actividad inflamatoria de pacientes con neoplasias gastrointestinales en el preoperatorio. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en el Nordeste de Brasil, en pacientes con neoplasias gastrointestinales, en el período preoperatorio, sin tratamiento previo que fueron sometidos a la evaluación antropométrica, bioquímica y evaluación nutricional subjetiva producida por el propio paciente.Resultados y discusión: Se verificó una elevada prevalencia de desnutrición por la evaluación nutricional subjetiva producida por el paciente (97.9%), por el porcentaje de pérdida de peso (97.9%) pliegue cutáneo tricipital (83.3%), circunferencia del brazo (72.9%) y circunferencia muscular del brazo (72.9%), 64.6%), con una reducción significativa del índice de masa corporal habitual para el actual, tanto en los adultos (p <0.001) como en los ancianos (p <0.001). La albúmina y transferrina estuvieron por debajo de la normalidad en el 97.9% del grupo, a diferencia de la PCR que se mostró elevada en todos los pacientes. La mayoría reveló anemia normocrómica y normocítica (45.8%) y depleción inmunológica por el conteo total de linfocitos (72.9%). El porcentaje de pérdida de peso presentó una relación significativa con el período de inicio de los síntomas (r = 0.574; p <0.001). Conclusiones: Se observaron altas tasas de anemia, desnutrición e inflamación sistémica en pacientes con neoplasias gastrointestinales en estos pacientes. Sin embargo, la presencia de síntomas ocurrió en un período muy superior al tiempo de diagnóstico, reforzando la necesidad de la intervención nutricional desde el surgimiento de los trastornos gastrointestinales para minimizar complicaciones en el postoperatorio

Factors that influence the redox state in children: An exploratory study

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of the redox state via malondialdehyde (MDA) as a lipid peroxidation biomarker and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity (HAC) with dietary, anthropometric, demographic, socio-economic and clinical variables as well as the serum concentrations of vitamins in children aged 20-36 months. This cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2013 to May 2014 and included a total of 100 children. METHODS: The variables studied included anthropometric measurements, dietary intake by the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), socio-demographic features, clinical attributes, serum redox status, and serum vitamin concentrations. RESULTS: Children with a family income above the minimum wage and adequate body mass index (BMI) presented higher HAC. The MDA concentration was higher in children older than 24 months. Breastfeeding for up to 120 days provided greater antioxidant capacity. Children classified in the 2nd tertile for "fruit and vegetables" and "milk and dairy products" consumption showed lower levels of MDA. There was a positive correlation of MDA with serum vitamin A levels. These results show that among children in the 20-36 months age group, family income, breastfeeding, BMI and intake of fruits and vegetables can have an influence on the imbalance of the redox state. CONCLUSION: One strategy to prevent the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants could be for health professionals to raise awareness among families, as such knowledge could repress/prevent the progression/initiation of several diseases in adult life.

Caquexia e pré-caquexia em pacientes com câncer do trato gastrointestinal / Cachexia and pre-cachexia in patients with gastrointestinal cancer

Introdução: A caquexia é sinônimo de um tipo específico de desnutrição denominada "Desnutrição Relacionada à Doença com inflamação", é uma condição catabólica caracterizada por resposta inflamatória, incluindo anorexia e catabolismo tecidual, provocada pela doença subjacente. Objetivos: Verificar a frequência de caquexia e pré-caquexia e fatores associados em pacientes com câncer do trato gastrointestinal. Sujeitos e Métodos: Estudo transversal, com amostra de conveniência, envolvendo pacientes com idade ≥18anos, de ambos os sexos, com diagnóstico de neoplasia do trato gastrintestinal. Para avaliação da caquexia utilizou-se critério composto pela perda de peso corporal ( < 10%=pré-caquexia; ≥10%=caquexia) e presença de pelo menos um sintoma (anorexia, fadiga ou saciedade precoce). Para avaliar o apetite foi aplicado o Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ), e a fadiga foi medida pela Dutch Fatigue Scale (DUFS). As variáveis nutricionais compreenderam os indicadores antropométricos: prega cutânea tricipital, circunferência do braço, circunferência muscular do braço, área muscular do braço e músculo adutor do polegar; e a Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida pelo Próprio Paciente (ASG-PPP). As variáveis laboratoriais foram hemoglobina, contagem total de linfócitos, albumina e proteína-C-reativa. Resultados: Caquexia e pré-caquexia ocorreram em 56,3% e 23,8% dos pacientes, respectivamente. A maioria dos indicadores antropométricos e a ASG-PPP foram significativamente associados à caquexia. Nenhuma associação foi verificada para os dados demográficos, clínicos e laboratoriais. Conclusões: Foi elevada a ocorrência de caquexia e pré- caquexia em pacientes com câncer gastrointestinal, apenas as variáveis nutricionais se associaram à caquexia (AU)

Introduction: Cachexia is synonymous of a specific type of malnutrition called "Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) with inflammation", it is an inflammation is a catabolic condition characterized by inflammatory response including anorexia and tissue catabolism, caused by the underlying disease. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of cachexia and precachexia and associated factors in patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study, with convenience sample, in patients ≥18 years old, of both gender; diagnosed with gastrointestinal tract neoplasia. For the cachexia evaluation, it was used a criterion comprised of four categories based on combinations of body weight loss.( < 10% = precachexia, ≥10% = cachexia) and the presence or absence of at least one of these symptoms (anorexia/ fatigue/satiety). It was applied the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) in order to evaluate the appetite and the fatigue was evaluated by the Dutch Fatigue Scale (DUFS). Nutritional variables included the anthropometric indicators: tricipital skin fold, arm circumference, arm muscle circumference, arm muscle area and thumb adductor muscle; and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Laboratory variables were hemoglobin, Total Lymphocyte Counts, Albumin and serum C-reactive protein. Results: Cachexia and pre-cachexia occurred in 56.3% and 23.8% of patients, respectively. Most of the anthropometric indicators and PG-SGA were significantly associated with cachexia. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were not associated with cachexia. Conclusions: The occurrence of cachexia and precachexia was elevated in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, only nutritional indicators were associated with cachexia (AU)