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1.
Am J Med Genet A ; 185(8): 2572-2575, 2021 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33973349

ABSTRACT

Little is known about FOP in Africa and few cases of nonclassic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) have been reported on the continent. Here we report a three-year-old girl from Angola with a nonclassic FOP clinical presentation that is characterized by complex malformations of the toes and fingers, reduction defects of the digits, absence of nails, progressive heterotopic ossification, and a confirmed heterozygous ACVR1 variant at c.983G > A. Emerging knowledge of FOP can serve as a catalyst for increasing awareness of FOP in under-represented medical communities by achieving a correct FOP diagnosis, improving access of individuals with FOP to clinical trial recruitment, and enhancing the ability of affected individuals to be part of and interact with the international FOP community.


Subject(s)
Activin Receptors, Type I/genetics , Alleles , Genetic Association Studies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Mutation , Myositis Ossificans/diagnosis , Myositis Ossificans/genetics , Amino Acid Substitution , Angola , Child, Preschool , Female , Genetic Association Studies/methods , Genotype , Heterozygote , Humans , Phenotype , Radiography
2.
MEDICC Rev ; 20(4): 27-34, 2018 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31242169

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION The consequences of de novo balanced structural chromosome aberrations diagnosed antenatally are unpredictable, and, as a result, they introduce uncertainty into genetic counseling decisions. OBJECTIVE Describe de novo balanced structural aberrations present at antenatal diagnosis in samples from pregnant women in five Latin American countries and determine their effect on carrier individuals. METHODS This was a retrospective observational study based on analysis of 109,011 antenatal tests conducted from January 1981 to December 2016 in Cuba, Uruguay, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Colombia. Thirteen cytogenetic laboratories provided information that included the cases analyzed during the study period; number of de novo balanced structural aberrations diagnosed antenatally; number of diagnoses with de novo balanced structural aberrations that resulted in termination of pregnancy; detailed descriptions of the karyotypes of de novo balanced structural aberration carriers, and descriptions of the form of diagnosis, including types of samples used (amniotic fluid, chorionic villus or fetal blood). Each laboratory also provided pathology reports and genetic counseling at time of diagnosis. Postnatal followup for pregnancies carried to term continued for at least two years. RESULTS Of the 109,011 antenatal tests studied, 72 (0.07%) showed de novo balanced structural aberrations. These events primarily involved chromosomes 1, 2, 7, 14, 18, and 20. Of the 79 breakpoints identified, the most common were 5p15.3, 7q11.2, 7q22, and 14q24. We identified three breakpoints corresponding to 3.8% (3q13.1, 3q13.2, and 9p12) that were not reported in other studies of de novo balanced structural aberrations diagnosed antenatally in patients from other geographic regions or in studies of chromosomal fragile sites. Two of these breakpoints (3q13.1 and 3q13.2) were associated with high risk of phenotypic abnormalities. Information on antenatal or postnatal followup was available for 62 (86%) of de novo balanced structural aberration carriers; of the 44 carriers with postnatal followup, 10 had phenotypic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Three new de novo breakpoints were identified, presumably related to genetic admixture characteristics in Latin America. Since some diseases associated with de novo balanced structural aberrations detected antenatally have a late onset, followup for at least two years is recommended for carriers of these aberrations. The information in this study is useful in genetic counseling for pregnant women in Latin America.


Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Prenatal Diagnosis , Chromosome Breakpoints , Colombia , Costa Rica , Cuba , Female , Genetic Counseling , Humans , Karyotyping/methods , Mexico , Pregnancy , Prenatal Diagnosis/methods , Uruguay
3.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-71287

ABSTRACT

El síndrome Smith-Lemli-Opitz es un error congénito del metabolismo del colesterol, causado por una deficiencia de la enzima 7-dehidrocolesterol reductasa. Tiene herencia autosómica recesiva y clínicamente se caracteriza por microcefalia, dismorfia facial, sindactilia 2-3 de los pies, anomalías genitales en los varones, retraso del desarrollo físico y mental, trastornos de conducta y múltiples malformaciones mayores y menores. El diagnóstico se basa en la demostración del incremento del 7-dehidrocolesterol en plasma u otros tejidos por cromatografía de gases/espectrometría de masa o de dos mutaciones patogénicas en el gen DHCR7. La suplementación con colesterol dietético o purificado es el tratamiento estándar. En poblaciones de origen caucásico la frecuencia estimada es de 1 en 10 000 a 1 en 70 000 nacimientos. En este trabajo se discuten los principales aspectos clínicos, bioquímicos, genéticos y terapéuticos necesarios para un adecuado asesoramiento genético…(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome , Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors , Dihydropteridine Reductase , Diagnosis , Genetic Counseling , Palliative Care
4.
Rev cuba genet comunit ; 7(1): 43-46, 2013.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-71276

ABSTRACT

El síndrome Smith-Lemli-Opitz es un error congénito del metabolismo del colesterol ocasionado por una deficiencia de la enzima 7-dehidrocolesterol reductasa. Clínicamente se caracteriza por retraso mental y malformaciones congénitas, entre ellas la holoprosencefalia que ocurre en alrededor del 5(percent) de los pacientes. La mayoría de los casos reportados en la literatura tienen formas clásicas de holoprosencefalia y fenotipo severo de Smith-Lemli-Opitz y son homocigotos o heterocigotos compuestos para mutaciones que anulan la actividad enzimática. Se presenta una paciente que tiene un fenotipo ligero de Smith-Lemli-Opitz y un incisivo central único como manifestación mínima de holoprosencefalia. El estudio molecular demostró la presencia de dos mutaciones transmembranales, una de ellas no descrita con anterioridad, que preservan cierto grado de actividad funcional de la enzima. Se hipotetiza que otros factores genéticos fetales y/o maternos pueden haber contribuido a la expresión fenotípica …(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome , Holoprosencephaly
5.
Rev cuba genet comunit ; 6(2): 47-49, 2012.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-71302

ABSTRACT

El síndrome Smith-Lemli-Opitz es un error congénito del metabolismo del colesterol causante de malformaciones y retraso mental. El diagnóstico bioquímico consiste en la demostración del incremento del 7-dehidrocolesterol por cromatografía de gases/espectrometría de masa, tecnología que no siempre está disponible en los países en vías de desarrollo. Se propone un método de diagnóstico basado en la determinación cualitativa de esteroles por cromatografía de capa fina. El estudio en personas sanas no detectó la presencia del 7-dehidrocolesterol. En 21 pacientes con características clínicas de Smith-Lemli-Opitz se hicieron estudios por cromatografía de capa fina y por cromatografía de gases/espectrometría de masa y se diagnosticaron 10 pacientes, hubo una coincidencia total de los resultados por ambos métodos. En otros cuatro pacientes positivos por cromatografía de capa fina se identificaron las dos mutaciones causantes de la enfermedad. Los resultados avalan la utilidad del método propuesto para el diagnóstico del síndrome Smith-Lemli-Opitz…(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Dehydrocholesterols
6.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-73414

ABSTRACT

Los servicios de genética médica se iniciaron en Sancti Spíritus hace más de 20 años, con el objetivo de diagnosticar y prevenir los defectos congénitos y las enfermedades hereditarias. En esta investigación se hace un recuento de los principales resultados en la provincia durante este período. El programa de detección de portadoras de anemia por hematíes falciformes ha pesquisado hasta el 2007 un total de 147 216 gestantes. En los años analizados se han realizado 131 602 cuantificaciones de alfafetoptroteína en suero materno y se diagnosticaron 429 malformaciones fetales de mal pronóstico por ultrasonido. En la actualidad se realizan el diagnóstico prenatal citogenético al 92,1 (percent) de las gestantes de 37 años o más. El programa de pesquisa neonatal de errores innatos del metabolismo ha incluido el estudio de 114 625 recién nacidos y se han diagnosticado cuatro pacientes afectados por fenilcetonuria. La atención clínica a pacientes y familias con enfermedades genéticas ha sido un objetivo fundamental de la especialidad en la provincia…(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Congenital Abnormalities/genetics , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics , Prenatal Diagnosis , Mandatory Testing , Cytogenetic Analysis
7.
Am J Med Genet A ; 125A(2): 173-6, 2004 Mar 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14981719

ABSTRACT

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive MCA-MR disorder caused by mutations within the 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase gene, DHCR7. The diagnosis is based on the biochemical findings of elevated plasma 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) levels. It is a panethnic condition with variable mutation frequencies in different populations. Ten Cuban patients and four Canadian patients of Mediterranean ancestry with SLOS are reported herein. All these patients are at the mild end of the clinical spectrum (the highest Kelley-Hennekam severity score was 28 in one patient). All patients had genotypes which were compound heterozygous or homozygous for T93M; in all the Mediterranean patients the T93M mutation appeared to be associated with the J haplotype. Another compound heterozygote for T93M was of Ukrainian/Irish ancestry; in this patient the T93M was associated with a new haplotype designated K. The T93M mutation was initially reported as the most common in a series of patients from Italy. Our identification of a single haplotype associated with the T93M mutation in patients whose ancestors originate in the region of the Mediterranean Sea basin suggests a founder effect.


Subject(s)
Founder Effect , Haplotypes/genetics , Mutation, Missense/genetics , Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors/genetics , Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Alleles , Child , Child, Preschool , Dehydrocholesterols/blood , Female , Genotype , Heterozygote , Homozygote , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome/diagnosis
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