Characterisation of landrace 'criollo' maize silage from the highlands of Mexico in terms of starch content.

Maize silage is appreciated for dairy cows due to its high energy content. Mexico is a centre of origin for maize and small-scale dairy farmers use landrace 'criollo' maize silages to feed their herds. However, the characteristics of landrace 'criollo' maize silages in terms of starch content, which defines their nutritional value in terms of energy, are not known. The objective was to characterise criollo maize silages in terms of starch content. Seventy-seven silage samples from 2011 to 2015 were analysed for contents of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), crude protein (CP), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and starch content. A factor analysis using principal component analysis as an extraction method was undertaken, and a hierarchical cluster analysis performed. Five factors affected the starch content of silages and five maize silage clusters identified. There was a positive association between IVDMD and metabolisable energy and between crude protein and acid detergent fibre; moreover, a positive relation was found between dry matter and maize starch contents. Significant differences were found (P < 0.001) for the contents of IVDMD, ME, ashes, OM, DM, and starch. The DM content of group 1 silage did not show any significant differences from other groups, except with group 2 silage, which had the lowest contents of DM and starch. Therefore, group 1 and 5 silage had the highest DM and starch contents, while group 3 silage had the highest IVDMD values and ME contents; finally, group 4 had the highest ash contents. Starch content in criollo maize silages was higher that reports for other maize races and is influenced by climate conditions and dry matter content.

Luchas de género en internet, una mirada desde la etnografía virtual / Gender Struggles on the Internet, a Look from Virtual Ethnography / Lutas de gênero na internet, uma perspectiva a partir da etnografia virtual

Resumen: Este texto presenta los resultados de la investigación Cibercultura y Resistencia: luchas de género en internet, que tuvo por objeto de estudio las prácticas digitales como acciones contemporáneas de los movimientos sociales, en particular las prácticas de quienes trabajan por los derechos sexuales y reproductivos en América Latina y su vínculo con la Bioética social como dimensión comprensiva de las tensiones culturales. La fundamentación teórica presenta el ciberespacio como escenario sociopolítico, cultural y económico. El diseño metodológico propuso la etnografía virtual para caracterizar la emergencia de formas de ciudadanía digital a través del ciberactivismo de género. Se analizaron las prácticas de veinticinco organizaciones sociales en total, con tres perfiles específicos: feminista, nuevas masculinidades y diversidad sexual, en cinco países de Latinoamérica. Se observaron las redes sociales Facebook, Twitter y páginas web, a través de un kit de etnografía virtual diseñado por el proyecto que incluyó fichas de registro, un banco de imágenes y diverso material multimedia. Los resultados presentan el análisis de narrativas textuales y visuales de estas prácticas, tanto en su dimensión Bioética como política. Se demostró cómo el activismo digital ha facilitado la ocupación del espacio público en la sociedad de la información y genera procesos de participación política con actores y acciones emergentes por fuera de las prácticas convencionales.

Summary: This text presents the results of a research on Cyberculture and Resistance: gender struggles on the internet, which aimed to study digital practices as contemporary actions of social movements, particularly the practices of those who work for sexual and reproductive rights in Latin America and its link with social bioethics as a comprehensive dimension of cultural tensions. The theoretical foundation presents cyberspace as a socio-political, cultural, and economic scenario. The methodological design proposed virtual ethnography to characterize the emergence of digital citizenship forms through gender cyberactivism. Practices of twenty-five social organizations in total were analyzed, with three specific profiles: feminist, new masculinities, and sexual diversity, in five Latin American countries. Facebook, Twitter, and webpages are observed through a virtual ethnography kit designed by the project, which included registration sheets, an image bank and different multimedia material. The results present the analysis of textual and visual narratives of these practices, both in their bioethical and political dimension. It demonstrated how digital activism facilitated the occupation of public space in the information society and the generation of processes for political participation with emerging stakeholders and actions outside conventional practices.

Resumo: Este texto apresenta os resultados da pesquisa Cibercultura e Resistência: Lutas de Gênero na Internet, que teve como objetivo estudar as práticas digitais como ações contemporâneas dos movimentos sociais, em particular as práticas daqueles que trabalham pelos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos na América Latina e sua ligação com a Bioética social como dimensão abrangente das tensões culturais. Os fundamentos teóricos apresentam o ciberespaço como um cenário sociopolítico, cultural e económico. O desenho metodológico propôs a etnografia virtual para caracterizar o surgimento de formas de cidadania digital por meio do ciberativismo de gênero. Analisamos as práticas de vinte e cinco organizações sociais no total, com três perfis específicos: feminista, novas masculinidades e diversidade sexual, em cinco paises latino-americanos. As redes sociais Facebook, Twitter e sites foram observados por meio de um kit de etnografia virtual desenhado pelo projeto e que incluía fichas de registro, um banco de imagens e vários materiais multimidia. Os resultados apresentam a análise das narrativas textuais e visuais dessas práticas, tanto em suas dimensões Bioéticas quanto politicas. Foi demonstrado como o ativismo digital tem facilitado a ocupação do espaço público na sociedade da informação e gera processos de participação politica com atores e ações emergentes que se encontram fora das práticas convencionais.

Consumer and food changes in Mexican households during maximal contingency in the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) rapidly expanded throughout the world affecting human life in the health, social, cultural, economic and environmental aspects. On an international scale, some works have addressed the importance of the agri-food topic during the pandemic, especially about food consumption. The Mexican case is particularly relevant since it is the country with the highest proportion of overweight people. The objective of this work was to know the choices and consumption of foods in Mexican households during the period of maximal contingency. An on-line questionnaire was responded by 867 volunteers who answered about the aspects taken in consideration in their food consumption, the changes in the consumption of certain foods and the socioeconomic and health aspects of the family. Four groups were identified: "Budget consumers", "Hedonics", "Price conscious" and "Conscious". Changes in the attitudes to food are not related to the health state, overweight, or family size; but are related to income level of households and above all, to the education level. Results show an opportunity to change for healthier food habits in Mexico, mainly in the most vulnerable sectors.

Servicios ecosistémicos de provisión suministrados por agroecosistemas de huertos familiares del Estado de México / Ecosystem provision services provided by agroecosystems of family gardens in the State of Mexico

Resumen Introducción: Los servicios ecosistémicos (SE) de provisión suministrados por los agroecosistemas de huertos familiares (AEHF) se refieren a los beneficios tangibles que las personas obtienen del ecosistema. Aunque los AEHF, han sido ampliamente estudiados, pocos son los trabajos que evidencian su abordaje desde una perspectiva integral, la cual incorpore características biofísicas y económicas al mismo tiempo. Objetivo: Realizar un análisis integral los servicios ecosistémicos de provisión suministrados por agroecosistemas de huertos familiares del Estado de México. Métodos: Se recopilo información sobre los SE de provisión (identificación, usos, destinos y generación de ingresos) mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, cuestionarios, inventarios de especies, observaciónes directas, y recorridos en campo entre Marzo a Diciembre de 2019 en tres comunidades rurales, con la participación de 42 familias propietarias de los huertos familiares. Resultados: Se identificaron un total de seis SE de provisión asociados a 212 especies, las cuales fueron distribuidas en 172 géneros y 82 familias. Los Principales usos que los propietarios de los huertos dieron a los SE de provisión fueron ornamentales (51 %), seguidos de los alimenticios (39 %) y medicinales (32 %), donde especies como Cymbopogon citratus, Persea americana, Punica granatum, Zea mays e Inga jinicuil, tuvieron los mayores valores de uso (V. U. = 4). El destino de la producción fue autoconsumo, venta e intercambio; siendo el primero, la principal estrategia de sobrevivencia utilizada por los hogares. La venta de productos comestibles en fresco, así como de sus derivados represento ingresos brutos promedio de 1 333.47 USD/año para los propietarios de los huertos familiares. Conclusiones: Los servicios ecosistémicos de provisión proporcionados por los huertos familiares son vistos como una fuente importante de recursos, los cuales permiten satisfacer necesidades múltiples de los hogares rurales, catalogados en pobreza extrema.

Abstract Introduction: Provisioning ecosystem services (ES) provided by agroecosystems of family orchards (AEFO) refer to the tangible benefits that people obtain from the ecosystem. Although AEFO have been widely studied, few studies show their approach from an integral perspective, which incorporates biophysical and economic characteristics at the same time. Objective: To carry out an integral analysis of provisioning ecosystem services provided by agroecosystems of family orchards from State of Mexico. Methods: Information about provisioning ecosystem services (identification, uses, destination and income generation) were collected between March to December 2019 from three rural communities by involving 42 families with a family orchard using semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, species inventories, direct observation and field trips. Results: A sum of six provisioning ecosystem services were identified, which were associated to 212 species, distributed in 172 genera and 82 families. The main uses that the owners of the orchards gave to provisioning ES were ornamental (51 %), followed by food (39 %) and medicinal (32 %), where species such as Cymbopogon citratus, Persea americana, Punica granatum, Zea mays e Inga jinicuil, had the highest use values (U. V. = 4). The destination of the production was self-consumption, sale and exchange, being the first the main survival strategy used by households. Sale of edible products in fresh, as well as their derivatives, represented an average gross income of 1 333.47 USD/year for the owners of the family orchards. Conclusions: Provisioning ecosystem services provided by family orchards seen as an important source of resources, which allow the households of rural communities classified in extreme poverty to cover multiple needs.

Kikuyu grass in winter-spring time in small-scale dairy systems in the highlands of central Mexico in terms of cow performance and fatty acid profile of milk.

The work herein reported closes the evaluation of the role of kikuyu grass in small-scale dairy systems in the highlands of Mexico. The objective was to compare the productive response of vacas lecheras en pastoreo continuo de kikuyu (Cenchrus clandestinus) with a sown frost-resistant tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) during the winter-spring dry season in dairy systems and determine the fatty acid profile of feeds and milk. An on-farm double cross-over experiment with three periods the 14 days each was undertaken with eight Holstein cows randomly assigned to treatments sequence. Treatments were daytime grazing for 8 h/d of a Cajun II endophyte free tall fescue pasture invaded by kikuyu grass (CJ) or a naturally invaded kikuyu grass pasture (KY), both associated with white clover (Trifolium repens) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). Cows were supplemented in pens with 6.0 kg DM/cow/day with maize silage and 4.6 kg DM/cow/day of commercial concentrate. The fatty acid profiles of feeds and milk were determined by gas chromatography. There were differences (P<0.05) for net herbage accumulation and chemical composition between pastures, but not for in vitro digestibility or estimated metabolizable energy. In animal variables, protein content in milk was higher in KY (P<0.05). There were significant differences (P<0.05) among experimental periods for milk fat content and milk urea nitrogen with the highest values in Period 3. Pasture DM intake was lowest (P<0.05) in Period 3. In terms of fatty acid content, there were significant interactions (P<0.05) for vaccenic acid (C18:1t11) and linoleic acid (C18:2c9c12) with the highest values in Period 3. Linolenic acid (C18:3c9c12c15) was higher in milk when cows grazed KY and significantly higher (P<0.05) in Period 3. It is concluded that kikuyu pastures complemented with maize silage and concentrates in winter-spring perform as tall fescue pastures in the season of herbage scarcity. Milk from cows grazing kikuyu grass pastures complemented with maize silage and concentrates has a higher content of linolenic fatty acid and an atherogenic index favorable for human health.

On-farm assessment of the sustainability of small-scale dairy systems with three methods based on indicators.

Small-scale dairy systems are important contributors to national milk supplies in many areas of the world, and an option to ameliorate rural poverty in developing countries. In Mexico, they comprise over 78% of dairy farms. These systems must be sustainable in order to persist in the future. By applying several methods to assess the sustainability of farms, valuable information is collected on the practical, operational, and systemic requirements, as well as an insight into the difficulties in the use of each tool in practice. The objective was to assess the sustainability of small-scale dairy systems during the rainy season. Three methods were compared (IDEA, RISE, and SAFA) to evaluate their ability to deal with such systems in the Mexican context. Ten small-scale dairy farms were assessed from June to November 2018. Monthly semi-structured interviews were applied to collect economic, social, and environmental information. The three methods met criteria for on-farm assessments, with no large differences among them. The IDEA method was more applicable in the context of small-scale dairy systems because its indicators may be collected on-farm and were easy to measure. RISE requires more specialized technical information not always available at the small-scale farm level, and SAFA covered the largest number of indicators but is better suited for large-scale systems. The IDEA and RISE methods are adequate tools to assess the sustainability of small-scale dairy systems. The mean overall sustainability score over the three methods for the 10 assessed farms was 55.3±5.7 over 100. This medium level of sustainability indicates areas of opportunity to enhance the sustainability of small-scale dairy systems.

Behavioral addictions in early-onset Parkinson disease are associated with DRD3 variants.

BACKGROUND: Impulse control disorders (ICDs) comprise abnormal behaviors frequently found in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) receiving antiparkinsonian medication. ICDs in PD would develop when dopaminergic treatment overstimulates the dopamine receptor D3 (DR3). Here we studied whether DR3 gene (DRD3) is associated to ICD in PD patients with early-onset (EOPD). METHODS: We performed association analysis of the rs6280 DRD3 single nucleotide variation (SNV) (Ser9Gly) in a clinical sample of 126 non early-onset PD (NEOPD) and 73 EOPD (age at onset < 45). ICD was evaluated using the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders (QUIP) in PD. RESULTS: In the total sample, we found that a younger onset of PD is linked to ICD traits with a potentially addictive reinforcement (ICDARs, behavioral addictions) (p = .017) and a trend for total ICDs (p = .078) while punding was not associated (p = .75). EOPD sample showed an increase of DRD3 C+ genotype for ICD (p = .022) and ICDARs (p = .043) but not for punding (p = .170). The post-hoc analyses including the time of evolution and Pramipexol or Ropinirole treatments, confirmed the independent effect of the DRD3 upon ICDs (p = .028) and ICDARs (p = .041) as well as the interaction between DRD3 and Pramipexol treatment upon ICDARs (OR = 4.60, 95% CI 1.20-17.632, p = .026). The NEOPD group showed no association between DRD3 and ICDs. CONCLUSIONS: We found that behavioral addictions in PD are associated with an early onset of the disease, the rs6280 DRD3 SNV and the type of dopamine agonist. Further investigation in independent samples is warranted.

Intensive grazing and maize silage to enhance the sustainability of small-scale dairy systems in the highlands of Mexico.

The effects of two innovative feeding strategies-intensive grazing (GR) and maize silage (MS)-on the sustainability of small-scale dairy systems (SSDS) were assessed in the highlands of central Mexico. On a total of 24 farms, four innovations were adopted between 2011 and 2014. Five farms continued their conventional feeding strategy (CC) of cut-and-carry pasture supplemented with commercial concentrate and ground corn grain, as well as straws (maize, oat, and wheat) in the dry season of feed scarcity; six farms implemented MS in the dry season; six farms GR of pastures; and seven farms implemented both GR and MS. Assessment in 2015 showed that farms which implemented both GR and MS had a higher local diversity score (P ≤ 0.001), higher scores for ethics and human development, and a higher score in economic independence (P ≤ 0.05) than farms that implemented only one of the innovations. The overall sustainability score (with range 0-100) was 46 for CC, 47 for MS, 52 for GR, and 55 for GR + MS. The innovations reduced feeding costs and enhanced sustainability, particularly when GR + MS were both implemented.

Effect of stocking rate and supplementation on performance of dairy cows grazing native grassland in small-scale systems in the highlands of central Mexico.

The use and management of native grassland for dairy production during the rainy season was studied on two small-scale dairy farms in the highlands of central Mexico. Two stocking rates (2 and 4 cows/ha) and two levels of supplementation with commercial concentrate (4 and 6 kg/cow/day) under grazing were given to 12 milking Holstein cows in a 4 × 4 Latin square design replicated three times in a factorial arrangement. Net herbage accumulation (NHA), sward height, chemical composition, and in vitro digestibility of organic matter were recorded for the grassland, as well as vegetation cover and herbage mass 12 weeks post experiment. Animal performance variables were milk yield and composition, live weight, and body condition score. A partial budget analysis of feeding costs, returns, and margins was calculated. There were no differences between periods for NHA and herbage height and between plots for chemical composition (P > 0.05). However, there were highly significant differences among periods (P < 0.01) for organic matter, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and estimated metabolisable energy (eME), with highly significant plot × period interactions (P < 0.01) for NDF, IVOMD, and eME. There were no statistical differences (P > 0.05) between treatments for milk yield, chemical composition of milk, live weight, or body condition score. Post-experimental vegetation cover was 72 % for both stocking rates, indicating there was no degradation of the grassland. Lower feeding costs were for the low supplementation treatments. It is concluded that a high stocking rate in studied native grasslands of 4 cows/ha with moderate concentrate supplementation supports a mean milk yield of 11.9 kg/cow/day during the rainy season without deleterious effects on the grassland.

Oat and ryegrass silage for small-scale dairy systems in the highlands of central Mexico.

This study investigated the effects of the inclusion of oat-ryegrass silage (ORGS) in combination with maize silage (MSLG) in four treatments: T1 = 100 % ORGS, T2 = 67 % ORGS/33 % MSLG, T3 = 67 % ORGS/33 % MSLG, and T4 = 100 % MSLG to milking cows on continuous grazing with 4.7 kg DM of commercial dairy concentrate 18 % CP. Daily milk yield and composition, live weight, body condition score, and chemical composition of feeds were recorded during the last 4 days of the experimental periods. Feeding costs were calculated by partial budgets. Eight Holstein lactating cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square, with 14-day periods. There were no statistical differences (P > 0.05) for milk yield (mean 15.5 ± 5.0 kg/day/cow) or composition (mean milk fat 34.6 ± 4.4 g/kg, protein 32.4 ± 3.1 g/kg, lactose 46.9 ± 1.6 g/kg), milk urea nitrogen (11.3 ± 2.1 mg/dl), live weight (434 ± 38 kg), or body condition score (2.4 ± 0.15). The silage cost of ORGS was 2.5 times higher than MSLG, so the feeding cost in T1 was 26 % higher per kilogram of milk than for T4, with T2 and T3 as intermediates. ORGS can be a substitute to maize silage in the proportions studied, although feeding costs were higher.

Optimal management of on-farm resources in small-scale dairy systems of Central Mexico: model development and evaluation.

This study evaluates the available on-farm resources of five case studies typified as small-scale dairy systems in central Mexico. A comprehensive mixed-integer linear programming model was developed and applied to two case studies. The optimal plan suggested the following: (1) instruction and utilization of maize silage, (2) alfalfa hay making that added US$140/ha/cut to the total net income, (3) allocation of land to cultivated pastures in a ratio of 27:41(cultivated pastures/maize crop) rather than at the current 14:69, and dairy cattle should graze 12 h/day, (4) to avoid grazing of communal pastures because this activity represented an opportunity cost of family labor that reduced the farm net income, and (5) that the highest farm net income was obtained when liquid milk and yogurt sales were included in the optimal plan. In the context of small-scale dairy systems of central Mexico, the optimal plan would need to be implemented gradually to enable farmers to develop required skills and to change management strategies from reliance on forage and purchased concentrate to pasture-based and conserved forage systems.

Effect of different combinations of soybean-maize silage on its chemical composition, nutrient intake, degradability, and performance of Pelibuey lambs.

Sheep raising in the state of Guerrero, México, is a primary activity that is worth about US$3,251,931 annually. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the chemical composition, degradability, nutrient intake, and animal performance of Pelibuey lambs fed on different combinations of maize-soybean silages. Twenty-one combinations of maize silage (MS) and soybean silage (SS) were evaluated at day 45 post-ensiling; in each combination, MS was replaced by 5 % of SS. The 21 combinations were analysed for crude protein (CP) and chemical composition. In order to obtain a statistical criterion of potential treatments for the animal feeding test, a cluster analysis was performed based on the CP contents of all combinations at day 45 post-ensiling. From cluster analysis, four treatments were selected T1 = 100-0 % (MS/SS), T8 = 65-35 %, T12 = 45-55 %, and T16 = 25-75 %. Results indicated that cluster analysis was useful for identifying the potential treatments for animal feeding based on the crude protein content. The dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents did not declined significantly (P > 0.05) during the fermentation of silages but CP content decreased from day 0 to 45 post-ensiling. The treatment with the highest estimated microbial crude protein synthesis was T8 and it showed the highest metabolizable energy intake, high feed efficiency with a forage-concentrate ratio of 84:16.

Farm, household, and farmer characteristics associated with changes in management practices and technology adoption among dairy smallholders.

This study explored whether technology adoption and changes in management practices were associated with farm structure, household, and farmer characteristics and to identify processes that may foster productivity and sustainability of small-scale dairy farming in the central highlands of Mexico. Factor analysis of survey data from 44 smallholders identified three factors-related to farm size, farmer's engagement, and household structure-that explained 70 % of cumulative variance. The subsequent hierarchical cluster analysis yielded three clusters. Cluster 1 included the most senior farmers with fewest years of education but greatest years of experience. Cluster 2 included farmers who reported access to extension, cooperative services, and more management changes. Cluster 2 obtained 25 and 35 % more milk than farmers in clusters 1 and 3, respectively. Cluster 3 included the youngest farmers, with most years of education and greatest availability of family labor. Access to a network and membership in a community of peers appeared as important contributors to success. Smallholders gravitated towards easy to implement technologies that have immediate benefits. Nonusers of high investment technologies found them unaffordable because of cost, insufficient farm size, and lack of knowledge or reliable electricity. Multivariate analysis may be a useful tool in planning extension activities and organizing channels of communication to effectively target farmers with varying needs, constraints, and motivations for change and in identifying farmers who may exemplify models of change for others who manage farms that are structurally similar but performing at a lower level.

Performance of small-scale dairy farms in the highlands of central Mexico during the dry season under traditional feeding strategies.

In Mexico, small-scale dairy systems (SSDS) represent over 78 % of dairy farms and contribute with 37 % of national milk production; however, they face high feeding costs. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of SSDS during the dry season in terms of milk yields, milk composition and feeding costs under traditional feeding strategies, to identify areas of opportunity for improving their profitability. The information was collected from 22 SSDS every month during dry season. Feeds were classified in quality forages (QF), supplements (SU) and straws (ST). Two factors were identified: factor 1-a positive relationship among QF, SU, milk yield and ration cost and factor 2-represented straw usage. Four feeding strategies were identified: (1) low-cost feeding strategy; (2) home-grown feeding strategy; (3) high-cost feeding strategy; and (4) straw-based feeding strategy. There were differences (P < 0.001) among feeding strategies for QF, SU, ST, total dry matter offered (TDMO), ration cost (RC), external inputs, home-grown inputs and milk yield. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences among feeding strategies for fat and protein contents in milk. It is concluded that to improve performance and profitability and enhance sustainability in SSDS, farmers should base feeding strategies on home-grown quality forages, as it was the case in group 2 which showed lower feeding cost and better milk yield. It is also recommended to increase the inclusion of quality forages like grazing pastures and maize silages during the dry season and to avoid the inclusion of straws.

Morbilidad y mortalidad por abdomen agudo quirúrgico en el niño / Morbidity and mortality of sulrgical acute abdomen in children

Se estudiaron 1 519 pacientes egresados de los servicios de Cirugía Pediátrica y Neonatología del Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Docente "José Luis Miranda" de Santa Clara, con el diagnóstico de abdomen agudo quirúrgico, desde enero de 1982 hasta diciembre de 1989. La causa más frecuente en nuestra serie fue la apendicitis aguda (73,7 por ciento ), seguida de la oclusión por bridas (56 por ciento ). La oclusión intestinal ocupó el primer lugar en las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad posoperatorias. Los recién nacidos fueron los de mayor índice de mortalidad en este medio (31,5 por ciento )

Morbilidad y mortalidad por abdomen agudo quirúrgico en el niño / Morbidity and mortality of surgical acute abdomen in children

Se estudiaron 1 519 pacientes egresados de los servicios de Cirugía Pediátrica y Neonatología del Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Docente "José Luis Miranda" de Santa Clara, con el diagnóstico de abdomen agudo quirúrgico, desde enero de 1982 hasta diciembre de 1989. La causa más frecuente en nuestra serie fue la apendicitis aguda (73,7 por ciento ), seguida de la oclusión por bridas (56 por ciento ). La oclusión intestinal ocupó el primer lugar en las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad posoperatorias. Los recién nacidos fueron los de mayor índice de mortalidad en este medio (31,5 por ciento ) (AU)

Atresia esofágica en el recien nacido / Esophageal atresia in the newborn

Se presenta una serie de 58 pacientes afectados de atresia esofágica, los cuales fueron atendidos en el servicio de cirugía infantil del Hospital Pediátrico Docente "José Luis Miranda" de Santa Clara, durante los años 1976 a 1986. Es de destacar los valores altamente significativos de las variables peso y malformaciones congénitas graves que presentaron nuestros enfermos (51 pacientes en los grupos B y C de la clasificación de Waterston). Se analizaron las peculariedades de la atresia esofágica según peso al nacer, anomalias concomitantes, mortalidad según tipo de operación y causas principales de muerte. La supervivencia global alcanzada fue del 46,6

Atresia esofágica en el recien nacido / Esophageal atresia in the newborn

Se presenta una serie de 58 pacientes afectados de atresia esofágica, los cuales fueron atendidos en el servicio de cirugía infantil del Hospital Pediátrico Docente "José Luis Miranda" de Santa Clara, durante los años 1976 a 1986. Es de destacar los valores altamente significativos de las variables peso y malformaciones congénitas graves que presentaron nuestros enfermos (51 pacientes en los grupos B y C de la clasificación de Waterston). Se analizaron las peculariedades de la atresia esofágica según peso al nacer, anomalias concomitantes, mortalidad según tipo de operación y causas principales de muerte. La supervivencia global alcanzada fue del 46,6

Anomalías asociadas en niños con malformaciones congénitas quirúrgicas toracoabdominales / Associated anomalies in children with surgical congenital thoracoabdominal malformations

De la revisión de los protocolos de auptosias efectuadas en los hospitales Pediátricos y Materno, ambos de la ciudad de Santa Clara en un período de 5 años, cuyo objetivo fue conocer la presencia de anomalías congénitas quirúrgicas toracoabdominales en los niños, se obtuvo un total de 11 casos, de los cuales 92 eran nacidos vivos, 6 defunciones fetales y 13 interrupciones del embarazo. Se encontraron 198 anomalías asociadas, y fueron las más frecuentes las cardiovasculares, musculoesqueléticas y renales. Al correlacionar las variables peso al nacer y sexo con las anomalías quirúrgicas, no se halló significación estadística. Hubo diferencias altamente significativas entre la incidencia de anomalías asociadas en las malformaciones anorrectales y en la atresia esofágica, en relación con el resto de los grupos de anomalías quirúrgicas

Anomalías asociadas en niños con malformaciones congénitas quirúrgicas toracoabdominales / Associated anomalies in children with surgical congenital thoracoabdominal malformations

De la revisión de los protocolos de auptosias efectuadas en los hospitales Pediátricos y Materno, ambos de la ciudad de Santa Clara en un período de 5 años, cuyo objetivo fue conocer la presencia de anomalías congénitas quirúrgicas toracoabdominales en los niños, se obtuvo un total de 11 casos, de los cuales 92 eran nacidos vivos, 6 defunciones fetales y 13 interrupciones del embarazo. Se encontraron 198 anomalías asociadas, y fueron las más frecuentes las cardiovasculares, musculoesqueléticas y renales. Al correlacionar las variables peso al nacer y sexo con las anomalías quirúrgicas, no se halló significación estadística. Hubo diferencias altamente significativas entre la incidencia de anomalías asociadas en las malformaciones anorrectales y en la atresia esofágica, en relación con el resto de los grupos de anomalías quirúrgicas