Medication non-adherence as a cause of hospital admissions.

OBJECTIVES: 1. To determine the profile of patients who are admitted to hospital as a result of non-adherence. 2. To obtain an estimate of the economic impact for the hospital. METHODS: Observational and retrospective study that included patients who were admitted to hospital with a secondary diagnosis of «Personal history of non-compliance with chronic medication¼ according to International Classification of Diseases, during 2012. DATA COLLECTED: demographics; socioeconomic and clinical data; data related to the treatment; readmissions; hospital days; degree of adherence: ≤ 75% or severe non-adherence and > 75% or moderate non-adherence; type of non-adherence: non-persistence and noncompliance; hospitalization costs. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: Eighty-seven patients were admitted. These patients caused 104 episodes (16.3% were readmissions). 71.2% were men, and 51.5 (SD 17.8) years old. All patients had a chronic disease, adherence ≤ 75% (76%) and non-persistence (63.5%). Polypharmacy (47.1%) was not associated with non-adherence. Total stay was 1,527 days (mean stay was 14.7 (SD 14.0) days/episode): psychiatry 827 days (54.2%); cardiology 174 days (11.4%); critical unit 48 days (3.1%). Patients with a degree of adherence ≤ 75% had a mean stay/episode higher than those with a degree of adherence > 75%, without significant differences (p > 0.05, t-Student). Overall cost of hospitalization was Euros 594,230.8, with a mean cost/episode: Euros 5,713.6 (SD 5,039.5). Mean cost/episode for adherence ≤ 75% was higher than > 75%, Euros 6,275.8 (SD 5,526.2) vs Euros 3,895.6 (SD 2,371.3), (p < 0.05, t-Student). CONCLUSIONS: The profile of this patient is fundamentally, a male psychiatric or chronic cardiac patient with a degree of adherence ≤ 75% due to abandoning domiciliary treatment. Admissions due to medication non-adherence are associated with an important depletion of economic resources in the hospital.

OBJETIVO: 1. Determinar el perfil del paciente hospitalizado por falta adherencia. 2. Estimar el impacto económico generado al hospital. MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo observacional, en pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico secundario de «historia personal de no cumplimiento del tratamiento crónico¼ según la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, durante 2012. Variables recogidas: demográficas; datos socio-económicos y clínicos; datos relacionados con el tratamiento; reingresos; estancia (días); grado de adherencia: ≤75% o no adherencia severa y > 75% o no adherencia moderada; tipo no adherencia: no persistencia e incumplimiento; costes de hospitalización. Se realizó análisis estadístico. RESULTADOS: Ingresaron 87 pacientes generando 104 episodios (16,3% reingresos). El 71,2% fueron hombres con una edad media de 51,5 (DE 17,8) años. Todos los pacientes tenían una patología crónica, el 76% una adherencia ≤75% y el 63,5% falta de persistencia. La polifarmacia (47,1%) fue independiente del grado de adherencia. La estancia total fue 1.527 días (estancia media de 14,7 (DE 14,0) días/episodio): psiquiatría 827 días (54,2%); cardiología 174 días (11,4%); unidad de críticos 48 días (3,1%). Los pacientes con un grado de adherencia ≤75% tuvieron una estancia media mayor que los pacientes con un grado de adherencia > 75%, aunque no alcanzó significación estadística (p > 0,05, t-Student).El coste total fue de 594.230,8 con un coste medio de 5.713,6 (DE 5.039,5) /episodio. El coste medio de hospitalización en pacientes con adherencia ≤75% fue mayor que en el caso de adherencia > 75%, 6.275,8 (DE 5.526,2) vs 3.895,6 (DE 2.371,3) , (p < 0,05, t-Student). CONCLUSIONES: El perfil de este tipo de paciente es fundamentalmente, varón psiquiátrico o cardiológico crónico, con adherencia ≤75% por abandono del tratamiento. Las hospitalizaciones por falta de adherencia al tratamiento generan un importante consumo de recursos económicos en el hospital.

Medication non- adherence as a cause of hospital admissions / Falta de adherencia al tratamiento como causa de hospitalización

Objectives: 1. To determine the profile of patients who are admitted to hospital as a result of non-adherence. 2. To obtain an estimate of the economic impact for the hospital. Methods: Observational and retrospective study that included patients who were admitted to hospital with a secondary diagnosis of «Personal history of non-compliance with chronic medication »according to International Classification of Diseases, during 2012. Data collected: demographics; socioeconomic and clinical data; data related to the treatment; readmissions; hospital days; degree of adherence: ≤ 75% or severe non-adherence and > 75% or moderate on-adherence; type of non-adherence: non-persistence and noncompliance; hospitalization costs. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: Eighty-seven patients were admitted. These patients caused 104 episodes (16.3% were readmissions). 71.2% were men, and 51.5 (SD 17.8) years old. All patients had a chronic disease, adherence ≤ 75% (76%) and non-persistence (63.5%). Polypharmacy (47.1%) was not associated with non-adherence. Total stay was 1,527 days (mean stay was 14.7 (SD 14.0) days/episode): psychiatry 827 days (54.2%); cardiology 174 days (11.4%); critical unit 48 days (3.1%). Patients with a degree of adherence < 75% had a mean stay/episode higher than those with a degree of adherence > 75%, without significant differences (p > 0.05, t-Student). Overall cost of hospitalization was Euros 594,230.8, with a mean cost/episode: Euros 5,713.6 (SD 5,039.5). Mean cost/episode for adherence < 75% was higher than > 75%, Euros 6,275.8 (SD 5,526.2) vs Euros 3,895.6 (SD 2,371.3), (p < 0.05, t-Student). Conclusions: The profile of this patient is fundamentally, a male psychiatric or chronic cardiac patient with a degree of adherence < 75% due to abandoning domiciliary treatment. Admissions due to medication non-adherence are associated with an important depletion of economic resources in the hospital (AU)

Objetivo: 1. Determinar el perfil del paciente hospitalizado por falta adherencia. 2. Estimar el impacto económico generado al hospital. Método: Estudio retrospectivo observacional, en pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico secundario de «historia personal de no cumplimiento del tratamiento crónico» según la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, durante 2012. Variables recogidas: demográficas; datos socio-económicos y clínicos; datos relacionados con el tratamiento; reingresos; estancia (días); grado de adherencia: ≤ 75% o no adherencia severa y > 75% o no adherencia moderada; tipo no adherencia: no persistencia e incumplimiento; costes de hospitalización. Se realizó análisis estadístico. Resultados: Ingresaron 87 pacientes generando 104 episodios(16,3% reingresos). El 71,2% fueron hombres con una edad media de 51,5 (DE 17,8) años. Todos los pacientes tenían una patología crónica, el 76% una adherencia ≤ 75% y el 63,5% falta de persistencia. La polifarmacia (47,1%) fue independiente del grado de adherencia. La estancia total fue 1.527 días (estancia media de 14,7 (DE 14,0) días/episodio): psiquiatría 827 días (54,2%); cardiología 174 días (11,4%); unidad de críticos 48 días (3,1%). Los pacientes con un grado de adherencia < 75% tuvieron una estancia media mayor que los pacientes con un grado de adherencia > 75%, aunque no alcanzó significación estadística (p > 0,05, t-Student).El coste total fue de 594.230,8 Euros con un coste medio de 5.713,6 (DE 5.039,5) Euros/episodio. El coste medio de hospitalización en pacientes con adherencia < 75% fue mayor que en el caso de adherencia > 75%, 6.275,8 (DE 5.526,2) Euros vs 3.895,6 (DE 2.371,3) Euros, (p < 0,05, t-Student). Conclusiones: El perfil de este tipo de paciente es fundamentalmente, varón psiquiátrico o cardiológico crónico, con adherencia < 75% por abandono del tratamiento. Las hospitalizaciones por falta de adherencia al tratamiento generan un importante consumo de recursos económicos en el hospital (AU)

[Economic impact of the resolution of drug related problems in an Emergency Department]. / Impacto económico de la resolución de problemas relacionados con medicamentos en un servicio de urgencias.

OBJECTIVE: Determine the economic impact of avoided cost in hospital stays by preventing drug-related problems. METHOD: Prospective observational study of six months in the emergency department. We included patients admitted for observation and pre-admission beds. A pharmacist was integrated into the healthcare team to validate / reconcile pharmacotherapy. Severity was associated DRPs detected / resolved with the risk increasing the stay of patients admitted to a clinical unit, estimating the potential cost avoided. RESULTS: El 32,5% of patients required intervention and were intercepted 444 drug-related problems, resolving 85.5%. Serious problems serious / significant unresolved affected 130 patients who were admitted, with an estimated avoided cost about 60,000 €. It was noted that serious problems and oral cytostatics, insulin and diabetes were the groups associated with a higher average cost avoided (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: The integration of the pharmacist in the emergency team to intercept medication problems, reducing the risk of stay and increase healthcare costs.

Impacto económico de la resolución de problemas relacionados con medicamentos en un servicio de urgencias / Economic impact of the resolution of drug related problems in an Emergency Department

OBJETIVO: Determinar el impacto económico del coste evitado en estancias hospitalarias a través de la prevención de problemas relacionados con los medicamentos. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional prospectivo de seis meses en un Servicio de Urgencias. Se incluyeron a pacientes hospitalizados en camas de observación y preingreso. Un farmacéutico se integró en el equipo asistencial para validar/ conciliar la farmacoterapia. Se asoció la gravedad de los PRM detectados/ resueltos con el riesgo incrementar la estancia de los pacientes que ingresaron en una unidad clínica, estimando el coste potencialmente evitado. RESULTADOS: El 32,5% de los pacientes requirieron intervención y se interceptaron 444 problemas relacionados con medicamentos, resolviéndose el 85,5%. Problemas de gravedad seria/ significativa resueltos afectaron a 130 pacientes que ingresaron, estimándose un coste evitado de unos 60.000 €. Se observó que los problemas serios y los citostáticos orales, insulinas y antidiabéticos fueron los grupos asociados a un coste medio evitado mayor (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIÓN: La integración del farmacéutico en el equipo de Urgencias permite interceptar problemas de medicación, reduciéndose el riesgo de incrementar la estancia y los costes sanitarios

OBJECTIVE: Determine the economic impact of avoided cost in hospital stays by preventing drug-related problems. METHOD: Prospective observational study of six months in the emergency department. We included patients admitted for observation and preadmission beds. A pharmacist was integrated into the healthcare team to validate / reconcile pharmacotherapy. Severity was associated DRPs detected / resolved with the risk increasing the stay of patients admitted to a clinical unit, estimating the potential cost avoided. RESULTS: El 32,5% of patients required intervention and were intercepted 444 drug-related problems, resolving 85.5%. Serious problems serious / significant unresolved affected 130 patients who were admitted, with an estimated avoided cost about 60,000 €. It was noted that serious problems and oral cytostatics, insulin and diabetes were the groups associated with a higher average cost avoided (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: The integration of the pharmacist in the emergency team to intercept medication problems, reducing the risk of stay and increase healthcare costs

[Economic assessment of the implementation of a parenteral nutrition protocol for patients undergoing intestinal resection by a multidisciplinary team]. / Evaluación económica de la implantación por un equipo multidisciplinar de un protocolo de nutrición parenteral en pacientes tras resección intestinal.

OBJECTIVE: An economic assessment on the impact of total parenteral nutrition guidelines developed by the Hospital Nutrition Committee for patients undergoing intestinal resection and implemented by a nutritional support multidisciplinary team, was conducted. METHOD: A comparative retrospective study of two consecutive annual periods before and after the implementation of total parenteral nutrition guidelines for patients undergoing intestinal resection developed by the Nutrition Committee was carried out. Cost-effectiveness analysis from the hospital perspective was performed with the pharmacoeconomic program Pharma-Decision Hospital. Effectiveness was assessed as nutritional gain and safety profile; as well as determination of the costs of acquisition, preparation, administration, monitoring and nutritional complications. Sensitivity analysis (+/-20%) of effectiveness and hospital stay. RESULTS: Among 326 patients hospitalized for intestinal resection, 69 out of 172 (40%) received parenteral nutrition during the early period, versus 40 out of 154 (26%) after the surgery procedure (p < 0.01). In 79% of the patients with parenteral nutrition, the adequacy of the indication was assessed, being adequate in 51.7% and 56.7%, respectively (p = 0.66). Nutritional gain before and after surgery was similar (78.3 vs. 82.5%, p > 0.05), with patients having less episodes of hypophosphatemia postoperatively (60 vs. 38%). Mean total cost per patient before and after surgery was 9,180.81 and 7,871.96, respectively. The sensitivity analysis confirmed the above results. CONCLUSIONS: The development of total parenteral nutrition guidelines by the Nutrition Committee for surgical patients undergoing intestinal resection and their implementation by a multidisciplinary team improved the use of parenteral nutrition and reduced associated costs, with the same nutritional evolution.

Evaluación económica de la implantación por un equipo multidisciplinar de un protocolo de nutrición parenteral en pacientes tras resección intestinal / Economic assessment of the implementation of a parenteral nutrition protocol for patients undergoing intestinal resection by a multidisciplinary team

Objetivo: Se realizó una evaluación económica de la influenciadel establecimiento por la Comisión de Nutrición hospitalariade estándares de indicación de nutrición parenteral total enpacientes sometidos a resección intestinal mediante el seguimientode un equipo multidisciplinar de soporte nutricional.Método: Estudio retrospectivo comparativo entre dos periodosanuales consecutivos anterior y posterior a la actividad de laComisión de Nutrición, definiendo estándares de indicación denutrición parenteral total en pacientes con resección intestinal.Análisis coste-efectividad desde la perspectiva del hospital con elprograma farmacoeconómico Pharma-Decision Hospital® evaluandola efectividad como ganancia nutricional y perfil de seguridad;y los costes de adquisición, preparación, administración,monitorización y complicaciones nutricionales. Análisis de sensibilidad(± 20%) sobre efectividad y estancia hospitalaria.Resultados: De 326 pacientes ingresados por resecciónintestinal 69 de 172 (40%) recibieron nutrición parenteral en elprimer periodo frente a 40 de 154 (26%) post-intervención(p 0,05), lospacientes en el periodo post- intervención tuvieron menos episodiosde hipofosfatemia (60 vs. 38%). El coste total medio porpaciente pre- y post-intervención fue 9.180,81 y 7.871,96. Elanálisis de sensibilidad confirmó el resultado obtenido.Conclusiones: La intervención de la comisión de nutriciónestableciendo estándares de nutrición parenteral total en pacientesquirúrgicos con resección intestinal y su seguimiento por unequipo multidisciplinar, ha demostrado mejorar el uso de la nutriciónparenteral y disminuir los costes asociados, manteniendoidéntica evolución nutricional

Objective: An economic assessment on the impact of totalparenteral nutrition guidelines developed by the Hospital NutritionCommittee for patients undergoing intestinal resection and implementedby a nutritional support multidisciplinary team, was conducted.Method: A comparative retrospective study of two consecutiveannual periods before and after the implementation of totalparenteral nutrition guidelines for patients undergoing intestinalresection developed by the Nutrition Committee was carried out.Cost-effectiveness analysis from the hospital perspective was performedwith the pharmacoeconomic program Pharma-DecisionHospital®. Effectiveness was assessed as nutritional gain and safetyprofile; as well as determination of the costs of acquisition,preparation, administration, monitoring and nutritional complications.Sensitivity analysis (±20%) of effectiveness and hospitalstay.Results: Among 326 patients hospitalized for intestinal resection,69 out of 172 (40%) received parenteral nutrition during theearly period, versus 40 out of 154 (26%) after the surgery procedure(p 0.05),with patients having less episodes of hypophosphatemia postoperatively(60 vs. 38%). Mean total cost per patient before and after surgery was 9,180.81 and 7,871.96, respectively. The sensitivityanalysis confirmed the above results.Conclusions: The development of total parenteral nutritionguidelines by the Nutrition Committee for surgical patients undergoingintestinal resection and their implementation by a multidisciplinaryteam improved the use of parenteral nutrition and reducedassociated costs, with the same nutritional evolution