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1.
Eur J Med Genet ; 53(6): 371-7, 2010.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20709629

ABSTRACT

Hunter syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type II [MPS II], OMIM309900) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of the enzyme iduronate-2-sulphatase, resulting in accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), multisystem organ failure and early death. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with idursulfase is commercially available since 2007. Early access programs were established since 2005. However, limited information on the effects of ERT in young children is available to date. The aim of this analysis was therefore to determine the effects of ERT on patients younger than 5 years of age. We report data from six Spanish patients with confirmed Hunter syndrome who were younger than 5 years at the start of ERT, and had been treated with weekly intravenous infusions of idursulfase between 6 and 14 months. Baseline and treatment data were obtained from the Hunter Outcome Survey (HOS). HOS is an international database of MPS II patients on ERT or candidates to be treated, that collects data in a registry manner. HOS is supported by Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Inc. (Cambridge, MA, USA). At baseline, all patients showed neurological abnormalities, including ventriculomegaly, hydrocephaly, cerebral atrophy, perivascular changes and white matter lesions. Other signs and symptoms included thoracic deformity, otitis media, joint stiffness and hepatosplenomegaly, demonstrating that children under 5 years old can also be severely affected. ERT reduced urinary GAG levels, and reduced spleen (n = 2) and liver size (n = 1) after only 8 months. Height growth was maintained within the normal range during ERT. Joint mobility either stabilized or improved during ERT. In conclusion, this case series confirms the early onset of signs and symptoms of Hunter syndrome and provides the first evidence of ERT beneficial effects in patients less than 5 years of age. Similar efficacy and safety profiles to those seen in older children can be suggested, although further studies including a direct comparison with older patients would still be required.


Subject(s)
Enzyme Replacement Therapy/methods , Iduronate Sulfatase/therapeutic use , Mucopolysaccharidosis II/therapy , Child, Preschool , Glycosaminoglycans/urine , Humans , Iduronate Sulfatase/administration & dosage , Iduronate Sulfatase/adverse effects , Infant , Infusions, Intravenous , Mucopolysaccharidosis II/diagnosis , Mucopolysaccharidosis II/genetics , Mucopolysaccharidosis II/metabolism , Mucopolysaccharidosis II/pathology , Registries , Retrospective Studies , Spain , Spleen/drug effects , Spleen/pathology , Treatment Outcome
2.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 62(6): 224-228, jun. 2004. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-34036

ABSTRACT

El síndrome alcohólico fetal (SAF) es un conjunto de signos clínicos que se presentan en el feto tras la exposición intrauterina al alcohol. Es conocido que el alcohol es el agente teratógeno más frecuente en el ser humano, así como que sus efectos pueden ser evitados, si se elimina la ingestión de alcohol durante el embarazo. Tras el consumo, incluso de pequeñas cantidades, pueden aparecer una serie de signos físicos, neurológicos y conductuales que constituyen el síndrome. En este artículo se hace una actualización simplificada de los criterios diagnósticos del síndrome alcohólico fetal. Se señalan los aspectos principales del metabolismo del alcohol, sus relaciones con la placenta y los posibles mecanismos mediante los que ejerce su acción teratógena. Igualmente, se exponen las características clínicas de 13 casos diagnosticados en nuestro centro en los últimos 5 años (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Male , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/diagnosis , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/metabolism , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/complications , Intellectual Disability/etiology , Incidence
3.
Rev Neurol ; 36(8): 729-34, 2003.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12717651

ABSTRACT

CASE REPORTS: We report the cases of four males from four different families, who presented paroxysmal episodes from the 1st 2nd year. These episodes were characterised by asymmetrical bilateral dystonia of the upper limbs, predominantly in both hands, and were associated with orofacial dyskinesias, stereotipies (jumping, arm flapping, etc.), facial tics and, occasionally, phonic tics. Consciousness is not affected in any of the cases. These movements are triggered in situations where the patient is relaxed or excited. They occur daily and last from a few seconds to 30 minutes. Between the bouts, they remain asymptomatic. Family cases suggest it is inherited by autosomal dominant transmission, perhaps linked to the X chromosome; in addition, two cases are sporadic. In the only adult, the movements progress to a series of rhythmic bilateral dystonic myoclonias and facial tics dyskinesias. All the studies carried out, EEG, hemogram, biochemical analysis, neuroimaging, copper and ceruloplasmin levels, were normal. CONCLUSIONS: 1. We report a non epileptic paroxysmal disorder originating in the extrapyramidal tracts with its own characteristics, with onset during early childhood, which is associated with stereotipies, tics and dystonia; 2. It occurs predominantly in males; 3. It is inherited by autosomal dominant transmission, or perhaps sex linked autosomal dominant inheritance, and there are also sporadic cases; 4. The range of clinical features is very wide and includes cases in which there are few symptoms to others where the extent and gravity of the disorder is very significant.


Subject(s)
Dyskinesias/physiopathology , Dystonic Disorders/physiopathology , Stereotypic Movement Disorder/physiopathology , Tic Disorders/physiopathology , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Dyskinesias/genetics , Dystonic Disorders/genetics , Humans , Infant , Male , Stereotypic Movement Disorder/genetics , Tic Disorders/genetics
4.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 36(8): 729-734, 16 abr., 2003. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-27578

ABSTRACT

Casos clínicos. Presentamos cuatro varones, pertenecientes a cuatro familias diferentes, que presentan, a partir del 1.er-2.º año, unos episodios de presentación paroxística, que se caracterizan por distonía bilateral asimétrica de los miembros superiores, que predominan en ambas manos y que se asocian a discinesias orofaciales, estereotipias (saltos, aleteo, etc.), tics faciales y, a veces, tics fónicos. En ningún caso hay compromiso de la conciencia. Estos movimientos se desencadenan en situaciones de relajación o excitación. Son de frecuencia diaria y duran de segundos a 30 minutos. Entre los episodios permanecen asintomáticos. Los casos familiares sugieren herencia autosómica dominante o, quizás, ligada al cromosoma X; además, dos casos son esporádicos. En el único adulto, los movimientos evolucionaron a una serie de mioclonías distónicas bilaterales rítmicas y tics (discinesias faciales). Todos los estudios realizados -EEG, hemograma, bioquímica, neuroimagen, cupremia y ceruloplasmina- fueron normales. Conclusiones. 1. Presentamos un trastorno paroxístico no epiléptico de origen extrapiramidal con características propias, de inicio en la infancia, que asocia estereotipias, tics y distonía; 2. Predominio en varones;3. Su herencia es autosómica dominante o, quizás, herencia ligada al sexo, y también hay casos esporádicos; 4. El espectro clínico del cuadro es muy amplio, y abarca desde casos poco sintomáticos hasta otros con una importante afectación (AU)


Case reports. We report the cases of four males from four different families, who presented paroxysmal episodes from the 1st-2nd year. These episodes were characterised by asymmetrical bilateral dystonia of the upper limbs, predominantly in both hands, and were associated with orofacial dyskinesias, stereotipies (jumping, arm-flapping, etc.), facial tics and, occasionally, phonic tics. Consciousness is not affected in any of the cases. These movements are triggered in situations where the patient is relaxed or excited. They occur daily and last from a few seconds to 30 minutes. Between the bouts, they remain asymptomatic. Family cases suggest it is inherited by autosomal dominant transmission, perhaps linked to the X chromosome; in addition, two cases are sporadic. In the only adult, the movements progress to a series of rhythmic bilateral dystonic myoclonias and facial tics-dyskinesias. All the studies carried out, EEG, hemogram, biochemical analysis, neuroimaging, copper and ceruloplasmin levels, were normal. Conclusions. 1. We report a non-epileptic paroxysmal disorder originating in the extrapyramidal tracts with its own characteristics, with onset during early childhood, which is associated with stereotipies, tics and dystonia; 2. It occurs predominantly in males; 3. It is inherited by autosomal dominant transmission, or perhaps sex-linked autosomal dominant inheritance, and there are also sporadic cases; 4. The range of clinical features is very wide and includes cases in which there are few symptoms to others where the extent and gravity of the disorder is very significant (AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Adult , Male , Infant , Humans , Tic Disorders , Stereotypic Movement Disorder , Dystonic Disorders , Dyskinesias , Diagnosis, Differential
5.
Rev Neurol ; 34(12): 1132-4, 2002.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12134278

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Myasthenia is an autoimmune disease, being generalized muscular weakness, with important participation of facial muscles, a prominent feature. Signs of muscular fatigue arise, worsened by exercise and alleviated by rest. Clinical symptoms are less marked before noon, and get worse as the day advances, through the afternoon and evening. A clear relationship between myasthenia and thymic abnormalities does exist, being glandular hyperplasia and tumours the commonest underlying pathologic findings. Initial treatment is based on anticholinesterase drugs and steroids. Non respondents should be treated with immunoglobulins, immunosuppresses, plasmapheresis and surgical removal of the thymus, according to the symptoms control. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a seven years old girl with generalized muscular weakness, worsening through the day, being the diagnosis of myasthenia confirmed by the high level of acetylcholine antireceptors antibodies and the neurophysiologic study. Imaging study of the mediastinum showed a thymic mass located in the right lobe. CONCLUSION: It is therefore most important to rule out these conditions when myasthenia is suspected.


Subject(s)
Myasthenia Gravis/etiology , Thymoma/complications , Thymus Neoplasms/complications , Child , Female , Humans , Myasthenia Gravis/diagnosis , Myasthenia Gravis/diagnostic imaging , Myasthenia Gravis/surgery , Radiography , Thymoma/diagnosis , Thymoma/diagnostic imaging , Thymoma/surgery , Thymus Neoplasms/diagnosis , Thymus Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Thymus Neoplasms/surgery
6.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 34(12): 1132-1134, 16 jun., 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-27783

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La miastenia es una enfermedad autoinmune, caracterizada por debilidad muscular generalizada, con importante participación de la musculatura facial. Aparecen signos de fatiga muscular, que empeora con el ejercicio y mejora tras el reposo. Las manifestaciones clínicas son menos llamativas por la mañana y empeoran a medida que avanza el día o tras el ejercicio. Existe una relación importante entre la miastenia y la patología del timo, y se asocia con frecuencia a hiperplasias glandulares y a tumores tímicos. El tratamiento inicial se compone de anticolinesterásicos y corticoides, y, si la respuesta no es buena, se utilizan inmunoglobulinas, inmunosupresores, plasmaféresis y la extirpación quirúrgica del timo, todo ello en función del control de los síntomas. Caso clínico. Presentamos una niña de 7 años, con debilidad muscular generalizada, que empeoraba en el transcurso del día, y en la que el estudio neurofisiológico y los títulos de anticuerpos antirreceptores de acetilcolina confirman el diagnóstico de miastenia. Se practica estudio de imagen de mediastino y se demuestra la existencia de una masa tumoral que depende del lóbulo tímico derecho. Conclusiones. Es obligado investigar la patología tímica ante todo paciente sospechoso de la enfermedad (AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Thymoma , Myasthenia Gravis , Thymus Neoplasms
7.
Rev Neurol ; 33(5): 439-43, 2001.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11727212

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND CLINICAL CASES: The Pitt Rogers Danks syndrome is characterized by prenatal and postnatal retardation of growth, mental retardation, microcephaly, convulsions and a peculiar facies. It is believed to represent a clinical variant of the Wolf Hirschhorn syndrome, since there is a deletion in the 4p16.3 region in both syndromes. We report two cases in the same family caused by maternal mal segregation of a 4:8 balanced translocation. We describe the clinical characteristics, investigations done and a review of the literature.


Subject(s)
Growth Disorders/genetics , Intellectual Disability/genetics , Microcephaly/genetics , Seizures/genetics , Child, Preschool , Chromosome Deletion , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/genetics , Female , Growth Disorders/complications , Humans , Intellectual Disability/complications , Male , Microcephaly/complications , Pedigree , Seizures/complications , Syndrome
8.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 33(5): 439-443, 1 sept., 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-27178

ABSTRACT

Introducción y casos clínicos. El síndrome de Pitt-RogersDanks se caracteriza por retraso del crecimiento pre- y posnatal, retraso mental, microcefalia, convulsiones y facies peculiar. Se cree que representa una variante clínica del síndrome de Wolf-Hirschhorn, ya que en ambos síndromes se encuentra una deleción en la región 4p16.3. Presentamos dos casos familiares originados por una mala segregación materna de una translocación equilibrada 4:8. Se describen las características clínicas, así como los estudios realizados y se hace una revisión de la literatura (AU)


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Male , Female , Humans , Syndrome , Microcephaly , Intellectual Disability , Pedigree , Chromosome Deletion , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 , Growth Disorders , Seizures
9.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 57(3): 229-234, mayo 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-473

ABSTRACT

La esclerosis tuberosa es un proceso que se inicia en los primeros años de vida; la sintomatología neurológica y las lesiones cutáneas son de aparición precoz y muy características. Las convulsiones y el retraso mental son los síntomas que con más frecuencia motivan la consulta. Objetivos: Revisamos la sintomatología presentada en 19 pacientes pediátricos afectos de la enfermedad, con la finalidad de analizar el cuadro clínico que motivó la consulta y que hizo posible el diagnóstico. Métodos: Se revisan los criterios diagnósticos de la entidad, los síntomas de debut y la evolución de los mismos. Se describen otras anomalías detectadas, el tratamiento que recibieron y la evolución presentada. Resultados: Las convulsiones fueron en la mayoría de los casos el principal síntoma que condujo al diagnóstico, junto con la presencia de las lesiones cutáneas típicas, que estaban presentes en todos los casos. En cuanto al tipo de crisis presentadas en su debut son los espasmos en flexión los más frecuentes, seguido de crisis generalizadas y de crisis parciales. El retraso mental está presente igualmente en un porcentaje elevado de casos, si bien no fue el principal síntoma que motivó la consulta. Conclusiones: La aparición de cuadros convulsivos tempranos, sobre todo el Síndrome de West, unido a la presencia de máculas hipopigmentadas, ha sido la sintomatología que nos ha facilitado el diagnóstico, confirmado al demostrar la existencia de lesiones hamartomatosas en el SNC y de la mutación genética en los casos en los que ha sido posible su realización. La evolución es crónica y la respuesta al tratamiento anticonvulsivo es irregular, lo que está correlacionado con el número, localización y tamaño de las lesiones orgánicas cerebrales. La sintomatología extraneurológica en nuestros pacientes es escasa y con poca repercusión clínica (AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Child, Preschool , Infant , Male , Child , Humans , Tuberous Sclerosis , Central Nervous System , Seizures , Epilepsy , Skin/injuries , Signs and Symptoms , Intellectual Disability
10.
Rev Neurol ; 27(160): 975-8, 1998 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9951017

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Moebius's syndrome is an entity present at birth, characterized by oculofacial paralysis and external ophthalmoplegia. Other cranial nerves can also be affected and associated to skeletal abnormalities and neurologic symptoms. It appears sporadically, sometimes of familiar nature, presenting special facies with total absence of facial expression and severe strabismus. The pathogenesis of the syndrome still remains unknown, being the transitory situation of fetal hypoxia/ischemic the most accepted theory. In some cases chromosomal abnormalities have been detected. CLINICAL CASE: We reported three children with different symptoms, two of them are siblings whose father is affected, but he was not diagnosed until adult age. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude pointing out the different presentation of the disease, the appearance in several members of a family and its chronically evolution.


Subject(s)
Facial Paralysis/diagnosis , Child, Preschool , Facial Paralysis/genetics , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Phenotype
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