ABSTRACT
A população LGBTQIA+ ainda hoje sofre com o preconceito e estigma, o que pode dificultar o acesso aos serviços de saúde, aumentando a presença de morbidades neste grupo. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura com dois enfoques: o acesso aos serviços de saúde e odontológicos por pacientes LGBTQIA+ e quais as medidas educacionais que estão sendo implementadas com alunos dos cursos de Odontologia para diminuir o estigma sobre essa população e universalizar o acesso ao tratamento odontológico. Foi realizada uma revisão de literaturade estudospublicados entre 1995 e 2020nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELOe Google Scholar.Foram selecionados19 artigos, relatando principalmente aspectos das experiências de acesso àsaúde bucal por pacientes LGBTQIA+; a experiência dos alunos de graduação em Odontologia com essa população; a inserção de atividades focadas na desmistificação desta população em cursos de graduação e o suporte fornecido pelas instituições de ensino aos alunos que se identificam como LGBTQIA+. Apenas dois estudos foram conduzidos no Brasil. Existem evidênciasprovenientes principalmente de estudos internacionaispara afirmar que a população LGBTQIA+ possui menor acesso aos serviços de saúde e há uma falta de preparo formal dos alunos de graduação para o atendimento destas pessoas (AU).
LGBTQIA+ population (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and or questioning, intersex, asexual and/or allied) still suffers prejudice and stigma, they face significantly more barriers in accessing health services, thus increasing the morbidities within this group. The objective of this study was to bring a literature review focusing on the health and dental services access to LGBTQIA+ population and shed a light on which educational efforts are being implemented during the Dentistry graduation in order to minimize the LGBTQIA+ stigma. A literature review was performed focusing on papers published between 1995 and 2020, in PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar. Nineteen studies were elicitable. They reported mainly experiences of LGBTQIA+ population's access to dental health services, the experiences of undergraduate students in the attendance of this population; the activities focusing on diminishing the LGBTQIA+ stigma in the graduation environment and the universities support for students who identify themselves as LGBTQIA+. Only two studies were conducted in Brazilian institutions. There is evidence collected from foreign studies that LGBTQIA+ population has less access to health services and there is a lack of formal training on the treatment of this community to undergraduate students (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Care , Dentists/psychology , Education, Dental/methods , Gender Dysphoria , Sexual and Gender Minorities/psychology , Health Services Accessibility , Gender DiversityABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The main goal of the present study was to verify the presence, spatial location, the end of the canalis sinuosus (CS) trajectory and size of CS using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to characterise it as either a structure or an anatomical variation. METHODS: A trained examiner specialist in dental radiology and imagenology selected 200 CBCT images of the maxilla from 107 (53.5%) female and 93 (46.5%) male individuals aged between 18 and 85 years. RESULTS: A total of 133 (66.5%) patients had CS, being 61 (45.86%) unilateral and 72 (54.14%) bilateral. A higher frequency of CS was observed in males (P < 0.05) and no relationship was found between its presence and age. The end of the CS trajectory was more frequent in the regions of central incisor (n = 91; 44.39%), followed by lateral incisor (n = 45; 21.95%) and canine (n = 29; 14.15%). In our sample, the majority of these canals had a diameter of up to 1 mm (n = 198/205; 96.6%). No statistically significant relationship between diameter and the end of the CS trajectory, with location (i.e. bilateral or unilateral) was found. Gender and age had no influence on diameter, spatial location and the end of the CS trajectory (P > 0.05%). CONCLUSION: As CS was frequently found in our sample, it can be considered an anatomical structure, and as such, it is fundamental that the dentist requests a CBCT examination before performing any invasive procedure in the maxillary region to preserve this important structure.
