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1.
Psicol. educ. (Madr.) ; 23(2): 81-88, jul.-dic. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-167774

ABSTRACT

La infancia es una etapa especialmente vulnerable a situaciones estresantes, tales como el maltrato. El maltrato infantil es un factor ambiental adverso, capaz de trastocar el proceso del neurodesarrollo y condicionar la maduración cerebral del menor, desembocando en unos déficits cognitivos persistentes incluso en la vida adulta. El perfil neuropsicológico de niños maltratados se caracteriza por problemas de atención, memoria, lenguaje, desarrollo intelectual, fracaso escolar y elevada prevalencia de trastornos internalizantes y externalizantes. Fallos en los procesos de neurogénesis, mielinización, sinaptogénesis y poda neuronal, así como los posteriores daños en el hipocampo, amígdala, cerebelo, cuerpo calloso, hipotálamo y corteza cerebral son la base neurobiológica sobre la que se asienta dicho perfil cognitivo


Childhood is stage that is vulnerable to stressful situations, such as abuse. Childhood maltreatment is an adverse environmental factor that may disrupt the neurological development and determine child's brain maturation, leading to cognitive deficits persistent in adulthood. The profile of maltreated children profile features problems in attention, memory, language, and intellectual development, school failure, and high prevalence of internalizing and externalizing problems. Disruptions in neurogenesis, myelinization, synaptogenesis, and neuronal pruning processes, as well as subsequent damage in hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex, are the neurobiological physiopathological basis of the said cognitive profile


Subject(s)
Humans , Neurobiology/methods , Neuropsychology/methods , Child Abuse/psychology , Adult Survivors of Child Abuse/psychology , Developmental Disabilities/epidemiology , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/epidemiology , Cognition Disorders/epidemiology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology , Depressive Disorder/epidemiology
2.
Psicol. educ. (Madr.) ; 18(2): 135-143, jul.-dic. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish, English | IBECS | ID: ibc-109663

ABSTRACT

La prematuridad conlleva en un gran número de casos dificultades y trastornos en el desarrollodel niño. Diferentes estudios reflejan una mayor patología, tanto en trastornos del neurodesarrollo comoen alteraciones del vínculo, o de otros factores como: alimentación, sueño, conducta emocional y problemasde adaptación escolar. Se señala la importancia de realizar una correcta evaluación y terapia si, esnecesario, del desarrollo del vínculo, la ecología del prematuro y evaluación neuropsicológica desde elnacimiento hasta 6-7 años. Igualmente se expone la importancia que tiene conocer la neuropsicología delos niños de riesgo biológico y la necesidad que existe de formar a profesionales desde una perspectivamultiprofesional(AU)


Prematurity is not a homogeneous concept, but rather involves many different factors. It canalso cause difficulties and impaired child development. Several studies have shown it to be related withgreater pathology in neurodevelopment disorders, alterations of emotional bonding, psychosomatic, behavioraland school adjustment. We point out the importance of initiating neonatal Early Intervention (preferablyprenatal) and of prioritizing psychological and educational issues, linked to the health care of thechild and mother and favoring the complex process of parent-child emotional attachment. Attentionshould also be paid to the ecology of the hospitalization units as determinants of behavioral organizationof the hospitalized newborn, the establishment of monitoring programs and the carrying out of psychoeducationaland neuropsychological evaluations up to 6-7 years old. Also discussed are the importance oflearning about the neuropsychology of children at biological risk and the need for professional training,from an interprofessional perspective(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Infant, Premature , Early Intervention, Educational/methods , /methods , Developmental Disabilities/prevention & control , Psychomotor Disorders
3.
Psicol. educ. (Madr.) ; 15(1): 21-25, ene.-jun. 2009.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-98298

ABSTRACT

La estimulación sensorial tiene como objetivo hacer surgir o incrementar la respuesta de un individuo ante el entorno, principalmente hacia los objetos y personas. Se realiza a través de las vías sensoriales que envían información a las diferentes áreas cerebrales implicadas, favoreciendo así su activación. Dentro de la estimulación multisensorial, la estimulación basal es adecuada para todos los individuos, incluidos aquellos gravemente afectados. Su meta es lograr una actividad perceptiva y motriz a nivel elemental y sentar las bases para futuros aprendizajes. Los objetivos de intervención se extraen de la evaluación realizada previamente y tienen como base el nivel de funcionalidad del que parte cada persona (AU)


Sensory stimulation is aimed at creating or increasing an individual?s response to the environment ?mainly objects and people. Sensory ways are used to send information to the different brain areas involved, making their activation possible. Among multi-sensory stimulation, basal stimulation is appropriate for all kind of people, including subjects who are seriously affected. Sensory stimulation pursues a basic level of perception and motor activity in order to lay the foundations for future learning. Intervention objectives are drawn from previous assessment, taking into account the patient?s starting functional level (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Learning Disabilities/diagnosis , Dyslexia/diagnosis , Central Nervous System Diseases/complications , Neuropsychological Tests , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight
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