ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: After the detection of the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 and the declaration of a health emergency in the country, community transmission of the virus remained low to moderate until November 2020, later becoming medium and high. Children under 15 years of age constitute the least affected group. The diagnosis is confirmed by RT-qPCR. The usefulness of the CT (cycle threshold) is discussed. AIM: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the relationship between the CT value and clinical presentation. METHOD: A descriptive, retrospective study was carried out in patients under 16 years of age with SARS-CoV-2 infection, assisted by a health provider in Montevideo between epidemiological week (EW) 3 of2020 and EW 9 of2021. Clinical variables, epidemiological notion, severity and evolution were described. The CT value at diagnosis was recorded and compared with the presence of symptoms. RESULTS: Patients under 16 years of age represented 16.6% of the total infected (794 in 4,792). 70% of the cases occurred between the months of January and February 2021. 67.6% presented intradomiciliary contact. The mean age was 7.5 ± 4.1 years, 51% were male. 55% presented symptoms and 45% were asymptomatic; no significant differences were observed in the mean, mode and age range of both groups. None presented comorbidities. In the group of 440 symptomatic patients, 55% presented fever: 32% associated with other symptoms, mainly upper respiratory symptoms, and 23% as the only symptom. The CT value was obtained in 536 of the 794 patients (67.5%). The mean CT was 29.7+5.8 in the symptomatic group vs. 31.5 ± 5.7 in asymptomatic patients (p > 0.05). Three patients were hospitalized, none required intensive care and none died. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children accompany that of adults and the majority had mild or asymptomatic forms, without complications. In this series, the CT value was not different in symptomatic and asymptomatic children. Close household contact was the main source of infection.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Adult , COVID-19/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Hospitalization , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2 , Uruguay/epidemiologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: Tras la detección de los primeros casos de SARS-CoV-2 y declararse la emergencia sanitaria en el país, la transmisión comunitaria del virus se mantuvo baja a moderada hasta noviembre de 2020 pasando luego a ser media y alta. Los niños bajo 15 años de edad constituyen el grupo menos afectado. El diagnóstico se confirma mediante RT-qPCR. La utilidad del CT (cycle threshold) es discutida. Objetivo: Describir las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de los niños infectados con SARS-CoV-2 y la relación entre el valor del CT y la presentación clínica. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, en pacientes bajo 16 años de edad con infección por SARS-CoV-2, asistidos en un prestador de salud de Montevideo entre la semana epidemiológica (S.E.) 3 del 2020 y la SE 9 del 2021. Se describieron variables clínicas, noción epidemiológica, gravedad y evolución. Se consignó el valor del CT al diagnóstico y se comparó con la presencia de síntomas. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes bajo 16 años representaron el 16,6% del total de infectados (794 en 4.792). El 70% de los casos ocurrió entre los meses de enero y febrero de 2021. El 67,6% presentó contacto intradomiciliario. La media de edad fue 7,5 ± 4,1 años, 51% de sexo masculino. Presentaron síntomas 55% y fueron asintomáticos 45%; no se observaron diferencias significativas en la media, moda y rango de edades de ambos grupos. Ninguno presentó comorbilidades. En el grupo de los 440 pacientes sintomáticos, 55% presentaron fiebre: 32% asociada con otros síntomas, principalmente respiratorios altos y 23% como único síntoma. El valor de CT se obtuvo en 536 de los 794 pacientes (67,5%). La media de CT fue 29,7 ± 5,8 en el grupo de sintomáticos vs. 31,5 ± 5,7 en asintomáticos (p > 0,05). Se hospitalizaron tres pacientes, ninguno requirió cuidados intensivos ni falleció. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia e incidencia de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en niños acompañan a la de adultos y la mayoría cursó formas leves o asintomáticas, sin complicaciones. En esta serie, el valor de CT no fue diferente en niños sintomáticos y asintomáticos. El contacto estrecho intradomiciliario fue la principal fuente de infección.
BACKGROUND: After the detection of the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 and the declaration of a health emergency in the country, community transmission of the virus remained low to moderate until November 2020, later becoming medium and high. Children under 15 years of age constitute the least affected group. The diagnosis is confirmed by RT-qPCR. The usefulness of the CT (cycle threshold) is discussed. AIM: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the relationship between the CT value and clinical presentation. METHOD: A descriptive, retrospective study was carried out in patients under 16 years of age with SARS-CoV-2 infection, assisted by a health provider in Montevideo between epidemiological week (EW) 3 of2020 and EW 9 of2021. Clinical variables, epidemiological notion, severity and evolution were described. The CT value at diagnosis was recorded and compared with the presence of symptoms. RESULTS: Patients under 16 years of age represented 16.6% of the total infected (794 in 4,792). 70% of the cases occurred between the months of January and February 2021. 67.6% presented intradomiciliary contact. The mean age was 7.5 ± 4.1 years, 51% were male. 55% presented symptoms and 45% were asymptomatic; no significant differences were observed in the mean, mode and age range of both groups. None presented comorbidities. In the group of 440 symptomatic patients, 55% presented fever: 32% associated with other symptoms, mainly upper respiratory symptoms, and 23% as the only symptom. The CT value was obtained in 536 of the 794 patients (67.5%). The mean CT was 29.7+5.8 in the symptomatic group vs. 31.5 ± 5.7 in asymptomatic patients (p > 0.05). Three patients were hospitalized, none required intensive care and none died. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children accompany that of adults and the majority had mild or asymptomatic forms, without complications. In this series, the CT value was not different in symptomatic and asymptomatic children. Close household contact was the main source of infection.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , COVID-19/epidemiology , Uruguay/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2 , HospitalizationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To date, the prevalence and severity of the COVID-19 disease in children is lower than in adults. There are controversies regarding the dynamics of transmission and the role they play in the spread of the disease. AIM: To describe the clinical characteristics and transmission dynamics of patients under 15 years of age reported for suspicion and/or contact for COVID-19 in the period March 13 - November 20, 2020, in a private comprehensive health provider (Médica Uruguaya Medical Assistance Corporation, MUCAM). METHODS: Descriptive, retrospective study, in which clinical manifestations, epidemiological notion, secondary cases, severity and evolution are described. The risk and rate of secondary intradomiciliary attack were estimated. RESULTS: 539 patients met the inclusion criteria. The diagnosis was confirmed in 29 (5.3%): 13 (7.0%) of the 351 symptomatic children and 16 (4.5%) of the 188 asymptomatic. 100% of the confirmed cases and 85% of the unconfirmed cases had the notion of contact (p < 0.05). The OR for infection from an indoor contact was 26.5 (9.8-71.7) and the rate of secondary indoor attack 23% ± 4.1. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, mild and asymptomatic forms predominated in patients under 15 years of age. One in five exposed indoors contracted the disease, this notion of contact being decisive to indicate confirmatory studies. Most of the children did not continue the chain of transmission.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Adult , Child , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Uruguay/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: la toxocariasis humana es una parasitosis de amplia distribución en el mundo cuyos agentes etiológicos son Toxocara canis y, en menor medida, Toxocara cati. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas y paraclínicas de toxocariasis en menores de 15 años asistidos en un prestador integral privado de Montevideo entre 2014 y 2018. Material y método: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de los menores de 15 años derivados a la policlínica de infectología entre el 1 de enero de 2014 y el 31 de diciembre de 2018 con diagnóstico de toxocariasis confirmada por ELISA. Variables: edad, sexo, motivo de consulta, manifestaciones clínicas, recuento leucocitario y de eosinófilos, parasitosis asociadas, tratamiento y evolución. Resultados: fueron asistidos 20 niños de los cuales 11 eran asintomáticos, cinco presentaron síndrome de larva migrans visceral (LMV) y cuatro síndrome de larva migrans ocular (LO). Veinte niños recibieron albendazol y uno, además, mebendazol. Aquellos con compromiso ocular recibieron también corticoides vía oral. Se constató pérdida de agudeza visual en dos pacientes. Discusión y conclusiones: la mayorías de los niños eran asintomáticos, la cuarta parte consultaron por alteraciones visuales cuyas secuelas representan un grave problema de salud potencialmente prevenible. Debería realizarse la búsqueda de la infección mediante serología en niños que presenten eosinofilia con y sin síntomas respiratorios o disminución de la agudeza visual causada por lesión intraocular y en niños con factores de riesgo para esta parasitosis.
Summary: Introduction: human toxocariasis is a widely distributed parasitosis around the world. Its etiological agents are Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati in a smaller proportion. Objective: to describe the clinical and paraclinical manifestations of toxocariasis in children younger than 15 years old who were assisted in a private comprehensive healthcare provider in Montevideo between 2014 and 2018. Method: descriptive, retrospective study of children under 15 years old who were referred to the infectology service between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2018 with a diagnosis of toxocariasis confirmed by ELISA. Variables were age, sex, reason of consultation, clinical manifestations, leukocyte and eosinophils count and associated parasitosis, treatment and evolution. Results: 20 children were assisted, 11 of them were asymptomatic, 5 evidenced visceral larva migrans (VLM) syndrome and 4 of them presented larva migrans ocular (LMO). 20 patients received albendazon and one of them also received mebendazol. Those whose eyes were compromised also received oral corticoids. Two patients presented loss of visual acuity. Discussion and conclusions: Most children were asymptomatic, 25% of them consulted for visual alterations whose sequelae represented a potentially preventable severe health problem. We need to make a greater effort to insist on eye control for children since alterations may be detected, avoiding sequelae with an early diagnosis and the right treatment.
Resumo: Introdução: a toxocaríase humana é uma parasitose com ampla distribuição em todo o mundo; seus agentes etiológicos são o Toxocara canis e menos frequentemente Toxocara cati. Objetivo: descrever as características clínicas e de laboratório de toxocaríase em menores de 15 anos atendidos em uma instituição privada de assistência integral de saúde em Montevidéu no período 2014-2018. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, dos menores de 15 anos referidos ao ambulatório de infectologia no período 1 de janeiro de 2014 - 31 de dezembro de 2018 com diagnóstico de toxocaríase confirmado por ELISA. Variáveis: idade, sexo, motivo de consulta, manifestações clínicas, contagem de leucócitos e de eosinófilos, parasitoses associadas, tratamento e evolução. Resultados: vinte crianças foram atendidas sendo: 11 assintomáticos, 5 com síndrome de larva migrans visceral (LMV) e 4 síndrome de síndrome de larva migrans ocular (LO). Todas foram medicadas com albendazol e uma recebeu também mebendazol. Aquelas com compromisso ocular tomaram também corticoides por via oral. Dois pacientes apresentaram perda da acuidade visual. Discussão e conclusões: a maioria das crianças eram assintomáticas, sendo que um quarto consultou por alterações visuais cujas sequelas representam um problema grave de saúde potencialmente previnivel. Devemos melhorar os esforços para insistir na realização de controle oftalmológico das crianças nos controles de saúde, pois com um diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequado é possível detectar alterações e evitar sequelas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , ToxocariasisABSTRACT
Introducción: en algunos pacientes las directivas de adecuación del esfuerzo terapéutico (DAET) constituyen una herramienta para alinear el cuidado médico a los objetivos del paciente y su familia. Objetivo: describir las características de los niños asistidos por una unidad de cuidados paliativos pediátricos (UCPP) con DAET y el nivel de respeto de las mismas en los niños fallecidos. Material y método: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Período: 1/1/2009-31/12/2015. Población: niños asistidos por la UCPP. Variables, de los niños con DAET: edad, patología, participantes en la toma de decisiones, forma de registro, medidas a realizar y no realizar, tiempo entre captación por UCPP/DAET, fallecimiento, tiempo entre DAET/fallecimiento, lugar de fallecimiento, respeto de las DAET. Resultados: tenían DAET 11,8% (73/618) de los pacientes; mediana edad: 3,8 años; 75,3% presentaba afectación neurológica severa. Participantes en el proceso de DAET: equipo de salud y cuidador principal: 94,5%. Registro en documento específico: 60,3%. Las DAET incluyeron realizar: analgesia y cuidados de confort: 100%, ingreso a cuidados moderados: 86,3% y no realizar: reanimación cardiopulmonar: 100%, ingreso a terapia intensiva: 86,3%, asistencia ventilatoria mecánica 83,5%. Tiempo entre captación UCPP/DAET: mediana: 13 meses. Falleció 53,4% (39/73), en el hospital 76,9%. Tiempo entre DAET/fallecimiento, mediana: 7 meses. Se respetaron las DAET en 97,4%. Discusión y conclusiones: de los niños asistidos por la UCPP, 11,8% tenía DAET. En su mayoría el proceso fue compartido entre profesionales y cuidadores. Se constató un aumento progresivo de DAET en documentos de registro específico. En casi la totalidad de los niños fallecidos se respetó las DAET.
Introduction: in certain patients, "directives on the adequacy of therapeutic effort" (DAET) known as advanced care planning are important tools to align medical care to patient's and family's objectives of care. Purpose: to describe characteristics of patients assisted by a paediatric palliative care unit (PPCU) with DAET and the degree in which they were respected in children who died. Methods: descriptive, retrospective study. Period: 1/January/2009- 31/December/2015. Population: children assisted by the UCPP with DAET. Variables: age, pathology, prosthesis carried, primary caregiver, participants in decision-making process, form of registration, measures "TO PERFORM" and "NOT TO PERFORM", time between recruitment by PPCU/DAET, death, time between DAET/death, place of death, DAET accomplished. Results: DAET was found in 11.8% (73/618) of patients; median age: 3.8 years old; 75.3% had severe neurological impairment; 84.9% carried at least one prosthesis; primary caregiver: mother 72.6%. Participants in decision-making process: healthcare team and primary caregiver 94.5%. Registration in specific document: 60.3%. DAET included: "TO PERFORM": analgesia and comfort care: 100%, admission to moderate care: 86.3% and "NOT TO PERFORM": cardiopulmonary resuscitation: 100%, admission to intensive care: 86.3%, mechanical ventilator assistance 83.5%. Time between recruitment by PPCU/DAET: median: 13 months. 53.4% (39/73) died, in the hospital 76.9%. Time between DAET/death, median: 7 months. DAET were followed in 97.4%. Discussion and conclusions: 11.8% of children assisted by PPCU had DAET. Decision-making was shared between health providers and caregivers in most cases. DAET were respected in almost all children who had them and died.
Introdução: para alguns pacientes as diretivas de adequação do esforço terapêutico (DAET) são uma ferramenta para compatibilizar a atenção médica e os objetivos do paciente de sua família. Objetivo: descrever as características das crianças atendidas por uma unidade de cuidados paliativos pediátricos (UCPP) com DAET e o nível de respeito das mesmas nas crianças que faleceram. Material y método: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo. Período: 1/1/2009-31/12/2015. População: crianças atendidas pela UCPP. Variáveis: das crianças com DAET: idade, patologia, participantes na toma de decisões, forma de registro, medidas a realizar e a não realizar, tempo entre captação por UCPP/DAET, falecimento, tempo entre DAET/falecimento, lugar de falecimento, respeito as DAET. Resultados: 11,8% (73/618) dos pacientes tinham DAET; a mediana de idade foi: 3,8 anos; 75,3% apresentava afetação neurológica severa. Participantes do processo de DAET: em 94,5% dos casos - equipe de saúde e cuidador principal. Registro en documento específico: 60,3%. As DAET incluíam a realização de: analgesia e cuidados de conforto: 100%, admissão a cuidados moderados: 86,3% e a não realização de: reanimação cardiopulmonar: 100%, admissão a terapia intensiva: 86,3%, assistência ventilatoria mecânica 83,5%. Tempo entre captação UCPP/DAET: mediana: 13 meses. 53,4% (39/73) faleceu sendo 76,9% no hospital. Tempo entre DAET/falecimento, mediana: 7 meses. As DAET foram respeitadas em 97,4%. Discussão e conclusões: 11,8% das crianças atendidas pela UCPP tinha DAET. Na maioria dos casos o processo foi compartilhado entre profissionais e cuidadores. Um aumento progressivo de DAET nos documentos de registro específico foi observado. AS DAET foram respeitadas em praticamente todos os casos.