Real-world assessment of multipolar and point-by-point mapping for premature ventricular contraction ablation.

AIMS: We aimed to assess the acute and midterm efficacy of premature ventricular contraction (PVC) ablation guided by multielectrode and point-by-point (PbP) mapping. METHODS AND RESULTS: This is a retrospective, international multicentre study of consecutive patients referred for PVC ablation in 10 hospital centres from January 2017 to December 2021. Based on the mapping approach, two cohorts were identified: the 'Multipolar group', where a dedicated high-density mapping catheter was employed, and the 'PbP group', where mapping was performed with the ablation catheter. Procedural endpoints, safety, and acute (procedural) and midterm efficacies were assessed. Of the 698 patients included in this study, 592 received activation mapping [46% males, median age of 55 (41-65) years]-248 patients in the Multipolar group and 344 patients in the PbP group. A higher number of activation points [432 (217-843) vs. 95 (42-185), P < 0.001], reduced mapping time (40 ± 38 vs. 61 ± 50 min, P < 0.001), and shorter procedure time (124 ± 60 vs. 143 ± 63 min, P < 0.001) were reported in the Multipolar group. Both groups had high acute success rates (84.7% with Multipolar mapping vs. 81.3% with PbP mapping, P = 0.63), as well as midterm efficacy (83.4% vs. 77.4%, P = 0.08), with no significant differences in the risk of adverse events (6.0% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.24). However, for left-sided PVC ablation specifically, there was a higher midterm efficacy in the Multipolar group (80.7% vs. 69.5%, P = 0.04), with multipolar mapping being an independent predictor of success [adjusted OR = 2.231 (95% CI, 1.476-5.108), P = 0.02]. CONCLUSION: The acute and midterm efficacies of PVC ablation are high with both multipolar and PbP mapping, although the former allows for quicker procedures and may potentially improve the outcomes of left-sided PVC ablation.

New-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation: Assessing urinary Wilm's tumor-1 protein to predict renal allograft dysfunction.

PURPOSE: New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is a frequent metabolic complication associated with podocyte damage and renal allograft dysfunction. Thus, Wilm's tumor-1 (WT-1) protein, as a podocyte marker, holds promise as an option to evaluate renal allograft dysfunction in NODAT. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate urinary WT-1 levels in NODAT patients during the first year after kidney transplantation (KTx). MATERIALS AND METHODS: KTx patients were categorized into non-NODAT and NODAT groups. Fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urinary WT-1 were measured at 3, 6, 9, and 12-months post-KTx. RESULTS: The NODAT group manifested elevated levels of blood glucose and HbA1c during the first year post-KTx. Also, exhibited elevations in ACR and serum creatinine levels at 6, 9, and 12-months post-KTx when compared to non-NODAT group. Conversely, eGFR values in the NODAT group demonstrated significant declines at 3, 6, and 9-months post-KTx relative to non-NODAT. Furthermore, NODAT group exhibited a median annual eGFR of 47 â€‹mL/min/1.73 â€‹m2. Urinary WT-1 levels at 3, 6, 9, and 12-months post-KTx were significantly higher in the NODAT group compared to non-NODAT. Additionally, noteworthy positive correlations were identified between urinary WT-1 and HbA1c levels, along with significant negative correlations between urinary WT-1 and eGFR at the 3, 6, 9, and 12-months post-KTx. CONCLUSION: The increased urinary WT-1 levels from 3-months post-KTx in NODAT patients may indicate the first sign of podocyte injury, predicting a renal allograft dysfunction in these patients.

Survey on sanitary practices and knowledge about infectious diseases among equine owners in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

As the primary decision-maker about the health, nutrition, and well-being of their horses, owners' knowledge of correct management practices and clinical changes can potentially affect the immediate health of their horses, in addition to having an impact on the prevention of disease spread in the herd. The adoption of management practices to prevent the introduction and spread of pathogens depends on various factors, including demographics, awareness of the problem, perceived responsibility, previously held beliefs, and sociocultural norms. This study aimed to evaluate the health management practices and the level of knowledge about infectious diseases of equine owners in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing a questionnaire to horse owners in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The participants included horse owners irrespective of the duration of ownership, experience, or sports practiced. In addition to the hygiene and management of animals, the questionnaire addressed topics related to the facilities where the horses were kept. Three hundred and two horse owners distributed in 60 of the 167 municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Norte participated in this study. Among the interviewed owners, 63.90% (193/302) answered that they do not quarantine animals introduced into the herd or those visiting the property. Regarding the deworming program, 95.03% (287/302) of the owners regularly dewormed their animals. However, more than half of the participants sought veterinary guidance (54.30%). Investing in educational programs and increasing the awareness of equine owners in the state of Rio Grande do Norte about the main infectious diseases in horses is essential toward improving sanitary management and the general health of animals. Informed owners play an essential role in creating safer environments for their horses, thereby contributing to the sustainability of the equine industry.

Como principal tomador de decisão sobre a saúde, nutrição e bem-estar de seus cavalos, o conhecimento dos proprietários sobre práticas corretas de manejo e mudanças clínicas pode potencialmente afetar a saúde imediata de seus cavalos, além de ter um impacto na prevenção de propagação das doenças no rebanho. A adoção de práticas de manejo para prevenir a introdução e disseminação de patógenos depende de uma variedade de fatores, incluindo dados demográficos, consciência do problema, responsabilidade percebida, crenças anteriores e normas socioculturais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as práticas de manejo da saúde e o nível de conhecimento sobre doenças infecciosas de proprietários de equinos no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil Brasil. As amostras incluíram proprietários de cavalos, independentemente da duração da posse, experiência ou esporte praticado. O questionário abordou temas relacionados às instalações onde os cavalos eram mantidos, além do manejo higiênico-sanitário dos animais. Participaram do estudo 302 proprietários de cavalos distribuídos em 60 dos 167 municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Dentre os proprietários entrevistados, 63,90% (193/302) responderam que não colocam em quarentena os animais introduzidos no rebanho ou que estão visitando a propriedade. Em relação ao programa de desverminação, 95,03% (287/302) proprietários administravam vermifugação regularmente aos seus animais. No entanto, pouco mais da metade procura orientação veterinária (54,30%). Investir em programas de educação e conscientização dos proprietários de equinos do estado do Rio Grande do Norte sobre as principais doenças infecciosas em equinos é fundamental para melhorar o manejo sanitário e a saúde geral dos animais. Proprietários informados desempenham um papel essencial na criação de ambientes mais seguros para os cavalos, contribuindo para a sustentabilidade da indústria equina como um todo.

Re-estratificação de risco de candidatos à terapia de ressincronização cardíaca guiada pela ecocardiografia com speckle tracking / Risk re-stratification of candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy guided by speckle tracking echocardiography

INTRODUÇÃO: A fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) é o parâmetro utilizado para a classificação dos diferentes fenótipos de insuficiência cardíaca (IC). Embora pacientes portadores de IC com FEVE reduzida (ICFER) e evidência de bloqueio de ramo esquerdo (BRE) possam ser considerados para a Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca (TRC), há uma taxa de aproximadamente 30% de não-respondedores. Nesse contexto, é fundamental a avaliação de novas técnicas capazes de identificar subgrupos com maior risco de desfechos e que devem ser priorizados para a TRC. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a FEVE com o Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) na predição de eventos maiores em candidatos à TRC. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 99 pacientes candidatos à TRC (ICFER com FEVE≤35% e padrão de BRE no ECG), avaliados no período entre fevereiro de 2008 e outubro de 2012 com follow up de 8 anos. As análises foram segmentadas em grupos com eventos combinados: internação por IC, óbito e/ou transplante cardíaco. RESULTADOS: Pacientes com desfecho apresentaram uma FEVE=26,2(±0,05)% e GLS=-13,9(±12,3)%, enquanto pacientes sem desfecho apresentaram FEVE=27,6(±0,05)% e GLS=-16,2(±7,2)%. A diferença entre os grupos foi estatisticamente significante para o GLS (p=0,04), mas sem significância para FEVE (p=0,07) (Figura 1). À análise de Kaplan-Meier utilizando um valor de corte do módulo de GLS<-16%, observou-se uma diferença significante nas curvas de sobrevida com significância pelo teste de log-rank (p=0.005) (Figura 2). CONCLUSÃO: O GLS é uma ferramenta com potencial uso na re-estratificação de pacientes com ICFER candidatos à TRC. Esse recurso além de descrever uma piora da evolução, pode também ajudar na decisão dos grupos que se beneficiariam de uma intervenção mais precoce.

Follow-up de dispositivos cardíacos implantáveis suscetíveis a recall através de monitoramento remoto: resultados de um serviço de referência

INTRODUÇÃO: Em março de 2021 a Biotronik emitiu um comunicado sobre uma possível depleção prematura da bateria de cardiodesfibriladores implantáveis (CDI) e ressincronizadores cardíacos com desfibrilador (TRC-D). A empresa não orientou troca imediata das baterias e sugeriu o acompanhamento através de monitoramento remoto desses pacientes com dispositivos implantados em nosso serviço. Relatamos neste trabalho a taxa de recall. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo observacional com pacientes com CDI e TRC-D Biotronik suscetíveis a recall implantados no Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia entre os anos de 2015 a 2021. Em consulta médica, os pacientes foram convidados a participar do monitoramento remoto com o uso do monitor CardioMessenger Smart, orientados quanto ao comunicado da empresa e sobre como manusear o aparelho. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 76 pacientes com dispositivos passíveis de disfunção. Através de contato telefônico, observou-se que 34 pacientes já haviam falecido. Uma paciente foi submetida à troca do gerador previamente ao comunicado por desgaste da bateria. Dos 41 restantes, realizouse o monitoramento remoto de 73% (30), sendo 2 TRC-D e 28 CDI. Não ocorreu a monitorização de 10 pacientes devido à não disponibilização dos aparelhos pela empresa. Não foi possível contato com um paciente. Durante o follow-up de 2 anos, 6,6% dos casos (2) apresentaram depleção prematura da bateria, sendo submetidos à troca do gerador. CONCLUSÃO: A percentagem de recall encontrada neste estudo foi relevante e o monitoramento remoto foi fundamental para a detecção precoce e prevenção de uma situação potencialmente fatal.

Alterações da repolarização ventricular estão associadas às anormalidades da função sistólica longitudinal em pacientes com ICFEP / Changes in ventricular repolarization are associated with abnormalities in longitudinal systolic function in patients with HFPEF

INTRODUÇÃO: A insuficiência cardíaca de fração de ejeção preservada (ICFEP) é uma síndrome clínica decorrente de uma diversa combinação de anormalidades fisiopatológicas que confluem na elevação das pressões de enchimento do coração. Dentre tais alterações, alguns fenótipos de pacientes podem apresentar anormalidades da função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo, a despeito de valores da fração de ejeção dentro dos limites da normalidade. Atualmente, há uma escassez de estudos que avaliam qual o papel das alterações no eletrocardiograma (ECG) na ICFEP e como estas podem contribuir para melhor identificação dos mecanismos que levam à intolerância ao exercício. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a associação entre alterações da repolarização ventricular com as anormalidades na função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo em uma população com diagnóstico de ICFEP. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional transversal de 50 pacientes com diagnóstico de ICFEP confirmado pelo escore europeu HFA-PEFF. A repolarização ventricular foi avaliada através da medida do ângulo espacial QRS-T pelo vetocardiograma (método de Kors) e pelo índice TpicoTfim no ECG. As alterações da função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo foram avaliadas através da medida do Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) na ecocardiografia com Speckle Tracking. RESULTADOS: Obteve-se uma amostra de 48 pacientes com idade média de 50 (±5) anos, sendo 67% (33) do sexo feminino. Houve correlação moderada e estatisticamente significante entre o GLS e os parâmetros de repolarização ventricular: TpicoTfim (r=0.42; p<0.001) e o ângulo QRS-T (r= 0.58; p-value<0.001). À análise de regressão linear, obteve-se um ß coeficiente de 0.040 do ângulo QRS-T, denotando que para cada aumento de 25º no ângulo QRS-T, há a uma queda de 1% na função sistólica longitudinal pelo GLS. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos dados sugerem que as alterações da repolarização ventricular identificam pacientes com ICFEP que possuem anormalidades da função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo apesar de apresentarem valores da fração de ejeção dentro dos limites da normalidade. Particularmente, o ângulo espacial QRS-T se mostrou um parâmetro promissor, superior ao TpicoTfim, e com potencial para ser incluído no arsenal multiparamétrico da avaliação diagnóstica da ICFEP.

Pancreatic tuberculosis in a liver transplant recipient: a case report.

The pancreatic form of tuberculosis (TB) is rare and its diagnosis is challenging, since it manifests itself with non-specific symptoms and non-pathognomonic radiological findings, mimicking a neoplasia of the pancreas. Here, we report the case of a patient who had previously undergone liver transplantation and sought care for abdominal pain, weight loss, anorexia, hematochezia and postprandial fullness. Following an exploratory laparotomy and nucleic acid amplification testing on a pancreatic sample that had been collected, the patient was diagnosed with pancreatic TB. The patient received anti-tubercular pharmacological therapy and required percutaneous biliary drainage. Awareness of the possibility of a pancreatic TB diagnosis is important for clinicians. This attention should be even greater in patients who have undergone transplants, who are immunodeficient or who are from endemic areas.

Validation of surgical care quality indicators in the Brazilian Unified Health System.

OBJECTIVE: To validate a set of indicators for monitoring the quality of surgical procedures in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). METHODS: Validation study developed in 5 stages: 1) literature review; 2) prioritization of indicators; 3) content validation of indicators by RAND/UCLA consensus method; 4) pilot study for reliability analysis; and 5) development of instruction for tabulation of outcome indicators for monitoring via official information systems. RESULTS: From the literature review, 217 indicators of surgical quality were identified. The excluded indicators were: those based on scientific evidence lower than 1A, similar, specific, which corresponded to sentinel events; and those that did not apply to the SUS context. Twenty-six indicators with a high level of scientific evidence were submitted to expert consensus. Twenty-two indicators were validated, of which 14 process indicators and 8 outcome indicators with content validation index ≥80%. Of the validated process indicators, 6 were considered substantially reliable (Kappa coefficient between 0.6 and 0.8; p < 0.05) and 2 had almost perfect reliability (Kappa coefficient > 0.8, p < 0.05), when the inter-rater agreement was analyzed. One could measure and establish tabulation mechanism for TabWin for 7 outcome indicators. CONCLUSION: The study contributes to the development of a set of potentially effective surgical indicators for monitoring the quality of care and patient safety in SUS hospital services.

Negative self-perception of hearing and depression in older adults: a population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between negative self-perception of hearing and depression in older adults in Southern Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with data from the third wave of the EpiFloripa Idoso 2017/19 study, a population-based cohort of older adults (60+). A total of 1,335 older adults participated in this wave. The dependent variable was self-reported depression, and the main exposure was self-perception of hearing (negative; positive). For both the crude (bivariate) and adjusted analysis, the odds ratio (OR) was used as a measure of association and estimated by means of binary logistic regression analysis. The exposure variable was adjusted by sociodemographic and health covariates. A p value < 0.05 was adopted as statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of negative self-perception of hearing and depression was 26.0% and 21.8%, respectively. In the adjusted analysis, the older adults with negative self-perception of hearing were 1.96 times more likely to report depression when compared to the ones with positive self-perception of hearing (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: The association between negative self-perception of hearing and depression reflects the importance of reviewing health care actions for older adults, incorporating hearing-related issues, to ensure comprehensive care for this growing segment of the population.

Cardiomiopatia arritmogênica com acometimento biventricular: diagnóstico precoce por alteração de ECG e alta suspeição clínica / Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with biventricular involvement: early diagnosis due to ECG changes and high clinical suspicion

INTRODUÇÃO: A cardiopatia arritmogênica (CA) definida como um distúrbio arritmogênico do músculo cardíaco não explicado por doença isquêmica, hipertensiva ou valvar pode se apresentar clinicamente com arritmias atriais e ventriculares, distúrbios do sistema de condução e/ ou insuficiência cardíaca. Entre as demais etiologias, a CA do ventrículo direito (CAVD) é a mais bem caracterizada, quando o envolvimento acomete predominantemente essa cavidade, evoluindo com substituição fibrogordurosa do miocárdio e taquicardia ventricular com morfologia de bloqueio de ramo esquerdo. RELATO DE CASO: Paciente masculino, 45 anos, encaminhado para avaliação cardiológica devido alteração do ECG em avaliação pré-operatória. Relatou apenas cansaço aos esforços extra-habituais desde a infância. O ECG evidenciava inversão da onda T de V1 a V4 bem como fragmentação do QRS em D1 e aVL. Holter de 24 h demonstrou presença de 1054 extrassístoles ventriculares monomórficas isoladas. Ecocardiograma (Eco) apresentou dilatação mínima do VD, aumento da trabeculação na região apical e disfunção sistólica leve (FAC 29%). A ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC) evidenciou dilatação ventricular e disfunção sistólica do VD à custa de hipocinesia da porção apical e discinesia do segmento basal da parede lateral e da via de saída, bem como realce tardio no segmento basal da parede inferior, além de áreas de infiltrado gorduroso no septo interventricular e no segmento apical da parede lateral do ventrículo esquerdo. Sequenciamento de nova geração demonstrou variante patogênica no gene PKP2, corroborando o diagnóstico de CA com acometimento biventricular. COMENTÁRIOS E CONCLUSÃO: No presente relato, o ECG de base alterado foi fundamental para suspeita diagnóstica, bem como a propedêutica direcionada. Paciente apresentava 3 critérios maiores (alterações morfofuncionais compatíveis ao Eco/RMC, inversão de T V1-V3 em ECG na ausência de bloqueio de ramo direito, teste genético positivo para alelo patogênico) e 1 critério menor (> 500 extrassístoles ventriculares em Holter de 24 h), caracterizando o diagnóstico definitivo de CA.Visto que esta patologia é causa importante de morte súbita em indivíduos jovens, reforçamos a necessidade de alta suspeição clínica e valorização dos achados eletrocardiográficos.

Vitamin D status and biomarkers of renal graft function after kidney transplantation: a longitudinal study / Estado de la vitamina D y biomarcadores de función del injerto renal después del trasplante de riñón: un estudio longitudinal

Introduction: Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels occur after kidney transplantation (KTx), and can be associated with increase the risk of graft loss. This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the vitamin D status and association with biomarkers of the renal graft function after KTx. Methods: this longitudinal study included 42 patients evaluated at baseline, 3 and 6 months after KTx. Biodemographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters such as 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH), and biomarkers of renal graft function, such as creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), were assessed. Sun exposure was also evaluated. Patients were categorized according to their 25(OH)D levels. Results: at baseline, 25(OH)D levels < 30 ng/mL were found in 43 % patients, and 38 % of these patients failed to improve their 25(OH)D levels by 6 months after KTx. Low 25(OH)D levels occurred regardless of sun exposure. Further, 44 % patients developed albuminuria at 6 months. An increased ACR was observed in patients with 25(OH)D levels < 30 ng/mL (p = 0.002) compared to that in patients with 25(OH)D > 30 ng/mL. Additionally, 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with ACR at 6 months post-KTx (r = -0.444; p = 0.003). Twelve (28.6 %) patients with 25(OH)D levels < 30 ng/mL showed no eGFR recovery until 6 months after KTx. Conclusion: low vitamin D levels and increased albuminuria were observed at 6 months after KTx, even in a region with high sun exposure. The association between vitamin D status and biomarkers of renal graft function after KTx should be explored in further studies. (AU)

Introducción: los bajos niveles de 25-hidroxivitamina D [25(OH)D] ocurren después del procedimiento de trasplante de riñón (KTx) y pueden estar asociados con un aumento del riesgo de pérdida del injerto. Este estudio longitudinal tuvo como objetivo evaluar el estado de la vitamina D y la asociación con los biomarcadores de función del injerto renal después del KTx. Métodos: este estudio longitudinal incluyó a 42 pacientes que fueron evaluados al inicio del estudio, y 3 y 6 meses después del KTx. Se evaluaron los parámetros biodemográficos, clínicos y bioquímicos, como 25(OH)D y hormona paratiroidea (PTH), y los biomarcadores de función del injerto renal, como creatinina, tasa de filtración glomerular estimada (eGFR) y relación albúmina/creatinina (ACR). También se evaluó la exposición al sol. Los pacientes se clasificaron según sus niveles de 25(OH)D. Resultados: al inicio del estudio se encontraron niveles de 25(OH)D < 30 ng/ml en el 43 % de los pacientes, mientras que el 38 % de estos pacientes no lograron mejorar sus niveles de 25(OH)D a los 6 meses después del KTx. También se produjeron niveles bajos de 25(OH)D independientemente de la exposición al sol. Asimismo, el 44 % de los pacientes desarrollaron albuminuria a los 6 meses. Se observó un aumento de la ACR en los pacientes con niveles de 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL (p = 0,002) en comparación con los pacientes con 25(OH)D > 30 ng/mL. Además,los niveles de 25(OH)D se correlacionaron negativamente con la ACR a los 6 meses después del KTx (r = -0,444; p = 0,003). Doce (28,6 %) pacientes con niveles de 25(OH)D < 30 ng/ml no mostraron recuperación de la TFGe hasta 6 meses después del KTx. Conclusión: se observaron niveles bajos de vitamina D y un aumento de la albuminuria a los 6 meses después del KTx, incluso en una región con alta exposición solar. La asociación entre el estado de la vitamina D y los biomarcadores de función del injerto renal después del KTx debeexplorarse en estudios adicionales. (AU)

The Effect of Sacubitril-Valsartan on Ventricular Arrhythmia Burden in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Introduction Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients are prone to developing ventricular arrhythmias. In the PARADIGM-HF trial, sacubitril-valsartan (SV) showed a reduction in the composite endpoint of death and HF hospitalization in HFrEF patients; subgroup analysis of this trial revealed a reduction in both sudden death and deaths from worsening HF. The mechanism by which SV may affect the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias is currently under debate, and the literature provides conflicting results. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential antiarrhythmic effect of this drug in patients with HFrEF carrying an implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) or a cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT-D). Methods This was a single-center, observational and retrospective study. Inclusion criteria were implantation of an ICD or CRT-D device between 2009 and 2019, age ≥18 years, left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40%, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class ≥II, and treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker for at least 12 months, followed by replacement with SV. Exclusion criteria were NYHA class IV, frequent alterations in chronic medication for HFrEF, and implantation of an ICD or CRT-D after the introduction of SV. The primary outcome was the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in the form of appropriate device shocks, ventricular fibrillation, or ventricular tachycardia. The comparisons were performed between two periods of time (12 months before and 12 months after SV) in the same group of patients. Results Fifty-four patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 69.5 ± 1.65 years, and 74.1% of patients were male. The number of patients experiencing appropriate shocks was significantly lower after SV initiation (2% vs. 18%; p=0.016). The percentage of VT (13 vs. 20%; p=0.549) and VF episodes (4% vs. 13% for VF; p=0.289) were also lower, but these differences were not statistically significant. There were no significant differences in the value of NT-proBNP (1128 vs. 775 pg/mL; p=0.858), LVEF (28.4 vs. 29.6%; p=0.315), and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (65.0 vs. 66.0 mm; p=0.5492). Conclusion SV seems to reduce the risk of arrhythmic events requiring appropriate shock therapy.

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in patients with inherited arrhythmia syndromes: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The potential benefit of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy in individuals with inherited arrhythmia syndromes is well known. However, it is not deprived of morbidity, in the form of inappropriate therapies and other ICD-related complications. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review is to estimate the rate of appropriate and inappropriate therapy, as well as other ICD-related complications, in individuals with inherited arrhythmia syndromes. METHODS: A systematic review was performed, regarding appropriate and inappropriate therapy, and other ICD-related complications, in individuals with inherited arrhythmia syndromes (Brugada Syndrome, Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia, Early Repolarization Syndrome, Long QT Syndrome and Short QT syndrome). Studies were identified by searching published papers in PubMed and Embase up to August 23rd, 2022. RESULTS: From data gathered of 36 studies, with a total of 2750 individuals, during a mean follow-up time of 69 months, appropriate therapies occurred in 21% of the individuals and inappropriate therapies in 20% of the individuals. Concerning the other ICD-related complications, 456 complications were observed, amongst 2084 individuals (22%), with the most frequent being lead malfunction (46%), followed by infectious complications (13%). CONCLUSIONS: ICD-related complications are not uncommon, especially when one considers the exposure time of young individuals. The incidence of inappropriate therapies was 20%, although lower rates were reported in recent publications. S-ICD is an effective alternative to transvenous ICD for sudden death prevention. The decision to implant an ICD should be individualized, taking into account the risk profile of each patient, as well as the possibility of complications.

Vitamin D status and biomarkers of renal graft function after kidney transplantation: a longitudinal study.

Introduction: Introduction: Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels occur after kidney transplantation (KTx), and can be associated with increase the risk of graft loss. This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the vitamin D status and association with biomarkers of the renal graft function after KTx. Methods: this longitudinal study included 42 patients evaluated at baseline, 3 and 6 months after KTx. Biodemographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters such as 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH), and biomarkers of renal graft function, such as creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), were assessed. Sun exposure was also evaluated. Patients were categorized according to their 25(OH)D levels. Results: at baseline, 25(OH)D levels < 30 ng/mL were found in 43 % patients, and 38 % of these patients failed to improve their 25(OH)D levels by 6 months after KTx. Low 25(OH)D levels occurred regardless of sun exposure. Further, 44 % patients developed albuminuria at 6 months. An increased ACR was observed in patients with 25(OH)D levels < 30 ng/mL (p = 0.002) compared to that in patients with 25(OH)D > 30 ng/mL. Additionally, 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with ACR at 6 months post-KTx (r = -0.444; p = 0.003). Twelve (28.6 %) patients with 25(OH)D levels < 30 ng/mL showed no eGFR recovery until 6 months after KTx. Conclusion: low vitamin D levels and increased albuminuria were observed at 6 months after KTx, even in a region with high sun exposure. The association between vitamin D status and biomarkers of renal graft function after KTx should be explored in further studies.

Introducción: Introducción: los bajos niveles de 25-hidroxivitamina D [25(OH)D] ocurren después del procedimiento de trasplante de riñón (KTx) y pueden estar asociados con un aumento del riesgo de pérdida del injerto. Este estudio longitudinal tuvo como objetivo evaluar el estado de la vitamina D y la asociación con los biomarcadores de función del injerto renal después del KTx. Métodos: este estudio longitudinal incluyó a 42 pacientes que fueron evaluados al inicio del estudio y, 3 y 6 meses después del KTx. Se evaluaron los parámetros biodemográficos, clínicos y bioquímicos, como 25(OH)D y hormona paratiroidea (PTH), y los biomarcadores de función del injerto renal, como creatinina, tasa de filtración glomerular estimada (eGFR) y relación albúmina/creatinina (ACR). También se evaluó la exposición al sol. Los pacientes se clasificaron según sus niveles de 25(OH)D. Resultados: al inicio del estudio se encontraron niveles de 25(OH)D < 30 ng/ml en el 43 % de los pacientes, mientras que el 38 % de estos pacientes no lograron mejorar sus niveles de 25(OH)D a los 6 meses después del KTx. También se produjeron niveles bajos de 25(OH)D independientemente de la exposición al sol. Asimismo, el 44 % de los pacientes desarrollaron albuminuria a los 6 meses. Se observó un aumento de la ACR en los pacientes con niveles de 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL (p = 0,002) en comparación con los pacientes con 25(OH)D > 30 ng/mL. Además, los niveles de 25(OH)D se correlacionaron negativamente con la ACR a los 6 meses después del KTx (r = -0,444; p = 0,003). Doce (28,6 %) pacientes con niveles de 25(OH)D < 30 ng/ml no mostraron recuperación de la TFGe hasta 6 meses después del KTx. Conclusión: se observaron niveles bajos de vitamina D y un aumento de la albuminuria a los 6 meses después del KTx, incluso en una región con alta exposición solar. La asociación entre el estado de la vitamina D y los biomarcadores de función del injerto renal después del KTx debe explorarse en estudios adicionales.