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1.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 49(4): 177-183, abr. 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-13959

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: La reducción de la capacidad residual funcional y el colapso pulmonar durante la anestesia general induce a alteraciones en la mecánica respiratoria y en el intercambio gaseoso. Estos fenómenos son más acentuados en pacientes obesos. La maniobra de reclutamiento alveolar ha demostrado ser útil en normalizar la oxigenación en pacientes anestesiados con un índice de masa corporal (IMC) normal. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto del reclutamiento alveolar en pacientes obesos y determinar qué nivel de PEEP debe ser usado para evitar el re-colapso pulmonar en estos pacientes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 30 pacientes distribuidos en tres grupos: pacientes con IMC normal (control), y pacientes obesos, a quienes después de la maniobra de reclutamiento alveolar, se les aplicó 5 y 10 cmH2O de PEEP, respectivamente. Se estudiaron parámetros de mecánica respiratoria (distensibilidad respiratoria, presiones de la vía aérea y volumen corriente) y la oxigenación arterial (PaO2), antes y después del reclutamiento pulmonar. RESULTADOS: Los valores de PaO2 basal fueron mayores en el grupo control que en el grupo de obesos 5PEEP (174 ñ 44 mmHg frente a 108 ñ 24 mmHg, p 0,05). Sin embargo, los obesos que recibieron 5 cmH2O de PEEP presentaron valores de oxigenación inferiores a los grupos restantes (153 ñ 41 mmHg).CONCLUSIÓN: La maniobra de reclutamiento alveolar fue efectiva en aumentar la PaO2 en pacientes anestesiados, independientemente de su masa corporal. Los pacientes obesos a quienes se le aplicó mayor PEEP, mostraron valores de oxigenación similares a los pacientes no obesos (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Aged , Humans , Respiratory Mechanics , Obesity , Oxygen , Partial Pressure , Positive-Pressure Respiration , Prospective Studies , Hypoxia , Pulmonary Atelectasis , Anesthesia, General , Intraoperative Complications , Hemodynamics , Colonic Neoplasms
2.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 49(4): 177-83, 2002 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14606376

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Diminished functional residual capacity and pulmonary collapse during general anesthesia lead to alterations in respiratory mechanics and gas exchange. Such phenomena are more pronounced in obese patients. We recently demonstrated the beneficial effects of the alveolar recruitment strategy on oxygenation in anesthetized patients of normal body mass index (BMI). The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether obese patients also benefit from the alveolar recruitment strategy and to determine the level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) that prevents recollapse in obese patients. METHODS: Three groups of 30 patients each were studied: patients with normal BMI (control group) and obese patients to whom we applied PEEP at 5 and 10 cm H2O (obese-5 and obese-10 groups, respectively) after the recruitment maneuver. We studied respiratory mechanics (respiratory distensibility, airway pressures and flow volume) and arterial oxygenation (PaO2) before and after the recruitment. RESULTS: PaO2 at baseline was higher in the control group (174 +/- 44 mm Hg) than in either the obese-5 or obese-10 group (108 +/- 24 and 114 +/- 22 mm Hg, respectively, p < 0.001). Oxygenation improved in all groups after recruitment (p < 0.001), and PaO2 in the obese-10 group was similar to that of the control group (218 +/- 25 mm Hg and 259 +/- 80 mm Hg, respectively, p > 0.05). Oxygenation in the obese-5 group, however, was worse (153 +/- 41 mm Hg) than that of either of the other groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the alveolar recruitment strategy was effective for increasing PaO2 in anesthetized patients, regardless of body mass. The oxygenation of obese patients receiving the higher level of PEEP was similar to that of non-obese patients.


Subject(s)
Hypoxia/prevention & control , Intraoperative Complications/prevention & control , Obesity/blood , Oxygen/blood , Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods , Pulmonary Atelectasis/prevention & control , Aged , Anesthesia, General , Colonic Neoplasms/surgery , Hemodynamics , Humans , Hypoxia/etiology , Intraoperative Complications/etiology , Middle Aged , Obesity/complications , Obesity/physiopathology , Partial Pressure , Prospective Studies , Pulmonary Atelectasis/etiology , Respiratory Mechanics
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