Oral issues and childhood stress in eight-to-ten-year-old schoolchildren: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether oral problems, harmful oral habits, and sociodemographic factors are associated with the occurrence of stress in schoolchildren. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study nested within a cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 375 schoolchildren eight to ten years of age in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. The case group (with childhood stress) and control group (without childhood stress) were matched for age and sex at a 1:4 ratio (75 cases to 300 controls). Data collection involved the self-administration of a questionnaire by parents/caregivers addressing sociodemographic characteristics and the child's history of harmful oral habits. The children answered the Child Stress Scale (CSS) and underwent a clinical oral examination to determine the presence/absence of dental caries, malocclusion, and traumatic dental injuries. Data analysis involved the calculation of frequencies, the chi-square test, and conditional logistic regression (95% CI; p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: The final adjusted conditional logistic regression model showed that dental caries (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.01 - 3.14, p = 0.044) and biting objects (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.02 - 3.22, p = 0.041) remained associated with stress in the schoolchildren analysed. CONCLUSION: The present results showed that children with dental caries and the habit of biting objects were more likely to have childhood stress. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The study allows paediatric dentists to expand their knowledge with regards to the influence of oral problems and harmful habits on the occurrence of childhood stress and serves as a guide for decision-making related to oral problems in schoolchildren.

Evidence of validity of the Brazilian version of the Cancer Behavior Inventory - Brief Version.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the validity evidence of the Brazilian version of the Cancer Behavior Inventory - Brief Version. METHOD: Methodological study, conducted between November and December 2021, with 140 patients undergoing hospital cancer treatment in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Psychometric analyses were performed in the adapted version, using exploratory factor analysis and correlation with correlated constructs. RESULTS: A two-factor and 10-item model was evidenced. The cumulative variance explained about 61% the shared variance of the items. Satisfactory values were observed for the factors in the analyses of composite reliability (0.89 and 0.91, respectively), internal consistency (0.86 and 0.91, respectively) and ORION (0.89 and 0.85, respectively). The expected correlations of self-efficacy with quality of life (convergent) and with anxiety and depression (divergent) were evident. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the instrument showed evidence of validity, being considered reliable to assess the self-efficacy of patients undergoing cancer treatment.

Evidence of validity of the Brazilian version of the Cancer Behavior Inventory - Brief Version / Evidencia de validez de la versión brasileña del Cancer Behavior Inventory - Brief Version / Evidências de validade da versão brasileira do Cancer Behavior Inventory - Brief Version

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the validity evidence of the Brazilian version of the Cancer Behavior Inventory - Brief Version. Method: Methodological study, conducted between November and December 2021, with 140 patients undergoing hospital cancer treatment in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Psychometric analyses were performed in the adapted version, using exploratory factor analysis and correlation with correlated constructs. Results: A two-factor and 10-item model was evidenced. The cumulative variance explained about 61% the shared variance of the items. Satisfactory values were observed for the factors in the analyses of composite reliability (0.89 and 0.91, respectively), internal consistency (0.86 and 0.91, respectively) and ORION (0.89 and 0.85, respectively). The expected correlations of self-efficacy with quality of life (convergent) and with anxiety and depression (divergent) were evident. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the instrument showed evidence of validity, being considered reliable to assess the self-efficacy of patients undergoing cancer treatment.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias de validez de la versión brasileña del Cancer Behavior Inventory - Brief Version. Método: Estudio metodológico, realizado entre noviembre y diciembre de 2021, con 140 pacientes en tratamiento oncológico hospitalario en João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Se realizaron análisis psicométricos en la versión adaptada, mediante análisis factorial exploratorio y correlación con constructos correlacionados. Resultados: Se evidenció un modelo de 2 factores y 10 ítems. La varianza acumulada explicó alrededor del 61% de la varianza compartida de los ítems. Se observaron valores satisfactorios para los factores en el análisis de confiabilidad compuesta (0,89 y 0,91, respectivamente), consistencia interna (0,86 y 0,91, respectivamente) y ORION (0,89 y 0,85, respectivamente). Se evidenciaron las correlaciones esperadas de la autoeficacia con la calidad de vida (convergente) y con la ansiedad y la depresión (divergente). Conclusión: La versión brasileña del instrumento mostró evidencias de validez, siendo considerado confiable para evaluar la autoeficacia de pacientes en tratamiento oncológico.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as evidências de validade da versão brasileira do Cancer Behavior Inventory - Brief Version. Método: Estudo metodológico, realizado entre os meses de novembro e dezembro de 2021, com 140 pacientes em tratamento oncológico hospitalar em João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Foram realizadas análises psicométricas na versão adaptada, mediante a análise fatorial exploratória e correlação com constructos correlacionados. Resultados: Evidenciou-se um modelo de 2 fatores e 10 itens. A variância acumulada explicou cerca de 61% da variância compartilhada dos itens. Foram observados valores satisfatórios para os fatores nas análises de confiabilidade composta (0,89 e 0,91, respectivamente), consistência interna (0,86 e 0,91, respectivamente) e ORION (0,89 e 0,85, respectivamente). Evidenciaram-se as correlações esperadas da autoeficácia com a qualidade de vida (convergente) e com a ansiedade e depressão (divergente). Conclusão: A versão brasileira do instrumento mostrou evidências de validade, sendo considerada como confiável para avaliar a autoeficácia dos pacientes em tratamento oncológico.

General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12): new evidence of construct validity.

This study aimed to gather evidence on the adequacy of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in Brazil, considering a random sample of Brazilian physicians. Specifically aimed: (1) to test the GHQ-12 bifactor structure compared to alternative models, (2) to check its factorial invariance regarding to gender and the diagnosis of mental and behavioral disorders, and (3) to know the association of this measure with indicators of poor health (e.g., suicidal thoughts, decreased libido, medication use). The study included 1,085 physicians with a mean age of 45.7 (SD = 10.6), mostly male (61.5%), married (72.6%) and Catholic (59.2%). They answered the GHQ-12, the Positive and Negative Suicidal Ideation Inventory, and demographic questions. The best fit model was the bifactor structure composed of anxiety and depression, in addition to a general dimension, which presented Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's ω and composite reliability higher than 0.70 just for a general fact. Psychological distress scores correlated with suicidal ideation and indicators of health and sexual satisfaction. This is a psychometrically suitable instrument that can be used in terms of its total, but its specific factors need to be used with caution.

General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12): new evidence of construct validity / Questionário de Saúde Geral (QSG-12): novas evidências de validade de construto

Abstract This study aimed to gather evidence on the adequacy of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in Brazil, considering a random sample of Brazilian physicians. Specifically aimed: (1) to test the GHQ-12 bifactor structure compared to alternative models, (2) to check its factorial invariance regarding to gender and the diagnosis of mental and behavioral disorders, and (3) to know the association of this measure with indicators of poor health (e.g., suicidal thoughts, decreased libido, medication use). The study included 1,085 physicians with a mean age of 45.7 (SD = 10.6), mostly male (61.5%), married (72.6%) and Catholic (59.2%). They answered the GHQ-12, the Positive and Negative Suicidal Ideation Inventory, and demographic questions. The best fit model was the bifactor structure composed of anxiety and depression, in addition to a general dimension, which presented Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's ω and composite reliability higher than 0.70 just for a general fact. Psychological distress scores correlated with suicidal ideation and indicators of health and sexual satisfaction. This is a psychometrically suitable instrument that can be used in terms of its total, but its specific factors need to be used with caution.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo reunir evidências sobre a adequação do Questionário de Saúde Geral (QSG-12) no Brasil, considerando uma amostra aleatória de médicos brasileiros. Especificamente, objetivou-se: (1) testar uma estrutura bifactor em comparação com modelos alternativos, (2) verificar invariância fatorial em relação ao gênero e ao diagnóstico de transtornos mentais e comportamentais, e (3) conhecer a associação com indicadores de saúde precária (por exemplo: pensamentos suicidas, diminuição da libido e uso de medicamentos). Participaram do estudo 1.085 médicos, com média de idade de 45,7 (DP = 10,6), maioria de sexo masculino (61,5%), casados ​​(72,6%) e católicos (59,2%). Eles responderam ao QSG-12, ao Inventário de Ideação Suicida Positiva e Negativa e a questões demográficas. O modelo de melhor ajuste foi a estrutura bifactor (composta por ansiedade, depressão e uma dimensão geral), que apresentou alfa de Cronbach, ômega de McDonald e confiabilidade composta superior a 0,70 apenas para o fato geral. Pontuações de sofrimento psicológico se correlacionaram a ideação suicida e indicadores negativos de saúde e satisfação sexual. O instrumento foi psicometricamente adequado e pode ser utilizado em termos de sua pontuação total, mas seus fatores específicos precisam ser utilizados com cautela.

Ideação suicida em uma amostra de paraibanos: correlatos sociodemográficos / Suicidal ideation in a sample of paraibanos: sociodemographic correlates / Ideación suicida en una muestra de paraibanos: correlatos sociodemográficos

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar os correlatos sociodemográficos da ideação suicida em uma amostra de paraibanos. O estudo contou com 215 participantes, com média de idade de 24,16 anos (DP= 8,02). A coleta foi realizada por meio de um questionário online divulgado nas redes sociais. Foram dispostas cinco questões relativas à ideação suicida, com respostas tipo Likert, além de um questionário sociodemográfico. Verificou-se que as pessoas que não trabalham, que não possuem filhos e que são solteiras apresentaram maior média de ideação suicida. Além disto, a ideação suicida aumentou para as pessoas de menor idade, menos anos de estudo e menor compromisso religioso. Estes resultados foram estatisticamente significativos (p < 0,05). Salienta-se que essa pesquisa não possui uma amostra representativa, mas pode guiar estudos mais robustos para investigar diferenças de ideação suicida entre grupos sociodemográficos.(AU)

The presente study aimed to verify the sociodemographic correlates of suicidal ideation in a sample of paraibanos. The study involved 215 participants, with a mean age of 24-16 years (SD = 8,02). The collection was carried through an online questionnaire disseminated on social networks. Five questions were asked regarding suicidal ideation, with Likert-type answers, in addition to a sociodemographic questionnaire. It was found that people who do not work, who do not have children and who are single had a higher mean of suicidal ideation. In addition, suicidal ideation has increased for younger people, with less years of study and less religious commitment. These results were statistically significant (p ≤ 0,05). It should be noted that this research does not have a representative sample, but it can guide more robust studies to investigate differences in suicidal ideation between sociodemographic groups.(AU)

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar los correlatos sociodemográficos de la ideación suicidio en una muestra de paraibanos. El estudio contó 215 participantes, con una edad media de 24,16 años (DE = 8,02). La recogida se llevó a cabo a través de un cuestionario en línea disponible en un enlace y difundido em las redes sociales. Se hicieron cinco preguntas sobre la ideación suicida, con respuestas tipo Likert, además de un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Se encontró que las personas que no trabajan, que no tienen hijos y que son solteros tuvieron un promedio más alto de ideación suicida. Además, la ideación suicida ha aumentado para las personas de menor edad, menos años de estudio y menos compromiso religioso. Estos resultados fueron estatiscamente significante (p ≤ 0,05). Cabe destacar que esta investigación no tiene una muestra representativa, pero puede orientar estudios más robustos para investigar diferencias en la ideación suicida entre grupos sociodemográficos.(AU)

A2B Adenosine Receptor Enhances Chemoresistance of Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells under Hypoxia: New Insights into MRP3 Transporter Function.

Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, characterized by its high chemoresistance and the presence of a cell subpopulation that persists under hypoxic niches, called glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). The chemoresistance of GSCs is mediated in part by adenosine signaling and ABC transporters, which extrude drugs outside the cell, such as the multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) subfamily. Adenosine promotes MRP1-dependent chemoresistance under normoxia. However, adenosine/MRPs-dependent chemoresistance under hypoxia has not been studied until now. Transcript and protein levels were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. MRP extrusion capacity was determined by intracellular 5 (6)-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) accumulation. Cell viability was measured by MTS assays. Cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Here, we show for the first time that MRP3 expression is induced under hypoxia through the A2B adenosine receptor. Hypoxia enhances MRP-dependent extrusion capacity and the chemoresistance of GSCs. Meanwhile, MRP3 knockdown decreases GSC viability under hypoxia. Downregulation of the A2B receptor decreases MRP3 expression and chemosensibilizes GSCs treated with teniposide under hypoxia. These data suggest that hypoxia-dependent activation of A2B adenosine receptor promotes survival of GSCs through MRP3 induction.

Educação sexual e vulnerabilidade de usuários de aplicativos, comparações a partir da orientação sexual / Educación sexual y vulnerabilidad de usuarios de aplicaciones, comparaciones a partir de la orientación sexual / Sex education and vulnerability of application users, comparisons based on sexual orientation

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a educação sexual, comportamentos de risco e atitudes de universitários usuários de aplicativos de encontros, considerando a orientação sexual. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo de natureza quantitativa, transversal e descritivo, com uma amostra não probabilística de conveniência, constituída por 359 universitários da região norte do Brasil. Utilizou-se um questionário com informações sobre dados sociodemográficos, uso de aplicativos de encontros, fontes de informações sobre sexo seguro, comportamentos de risco e atitudes. Foram realizadas análises bivariadas e análise de variância com testes post-hoc de Bonferroni. Resultados Homossexuais (92,3%) e bissexuais (84,9%) reportaram o uso de aplicativos e tiveram encontro com parceiro casual (p<0,05). O Tinder foi o aplicativo acessado por 93,58% dos usuários. Não houve diferença para a prática sexual, sexo desprotegido e múltiplos parceiros sexuais. Informações sobre sexo seguro e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis por meio dos aplicativos foi reportada por homossexuais (61,1%) (p<0,05). Bissexuais (22,2%) vivenciaram a educação sexual nos eventos científicos e heterossexuais (38,2%) recorreram aos amigos universitários (p<0,05). Homossexuais (88,9%) acessaram o serviço do Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento e 72,4% realizaram a testagem para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis após a prática sexual com parceiro casual (p<0,05). As atitudes positivas para a saúde sexual foram observadas nos heterossexuais não usuários de aplicativos de encontros. Conclusão A vulnerabilidade dos usuários de aplicativos de encontros não esteve associada com a orientação sexual. Intervenções por meio da educação sexual que estimulem o autoconhecimento e os riscos da prática sexual desprotegida são requeridas frente ao acesso às tecnologias para encontros casuais.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la educación sexual, comportamientos de riesgo y actitudes de estudiantes universitarios usuarios de aplicaciones de citas, considerando la orientación sexual. Métodos Se trata de un estudio de naturaleza cuantitativa, transversal y descriptiva, con una muestra no probabilística de conveniencia, constituida por 359 estudiantes universitarios de la región norte de Brasil. Se utilizó un cuestionario con información sobre datos sociodemográficos, uso de aplicaciones de citas, fuentes de información sobre sexo seguro, comportamientos de riesgo y actitudes. Se realizaron análisis bivariados y análisis de varianza con ensayos post-hoc de Bonferroni. Resultados Homosexuales (92,3 %) y bisexuales (84,9 %) refirieron el uso de aplicaciones y tuvieron citas con pareja casual (p<0,05). Tinder fue la aplicación a la que el 93,58 % de los usuarios accedió. No hubo diferencias en la práctica sexual, sexo desprotegido y múltiples parejas sexuales. Información sobre sexo seguro y sobre infecciones de transmisión sexual por medio de las aplicaciones fue reportada por homosexuales (61,1 %) (p<0,05). Bisexuales (22,2 %) vivieron la educación sexual en los eventos científicos, y heterosexuales (38,2 %) recurrieron a sus amigos de la universidad (p<0,05). Homosexuales (88,9 %) accedieron al servicio del Centro de Testeo y de Consejo, y el 72,4 % realizó el testeo de infecciones sexualmente transmisibles después de la práctica sexual con pareja casual (p<0,05). Se observaron actitudes positivas hacia la salud sexual en los heterosexuales no usuarios de aplicaciones de citas. Conclusión La vulnerabilidad de los usuarios de aplicaciones de citas no estuvo asociada con la orientación sexual. Son necesarias intervenciones por medio de la educación sexual que estimulen el autoconocimiento y los riesgos de la práctica sexual desprotegida ante el acceso a las tecnologías para citas casuales.

Abstract Objective To analyze sex education, risk behaviors and attitudes of college students who use dating applications, considering their sexual orientation. Methods This is a quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study, with a non-probabilistic convenience sample, consisting of 359 college students from northern Brazil. A questionnaire was used with information on sociodemographic data, use of dating applications, sources of information on protected sex, risk behaviors and attitudes. Bivariate analyzes and analysis of variance with Bonferroni's post-hoc tests were performed. Results Homosexuals (92.3%) and bisexuals (84.9%) reported using applications and meeting with casual partners (p<0.05). Tinder was the application accessed by 93.58% of users. There was no difference for sexual practice, unprotected sex and multiple sexual partners. Information about protected sex and sexually transmitted infections through the applications was reported by homosexuals (61.1%) (p<0.05). Bisexuals (22.2%) experienced sex education in scientific events and heterosexuals (38.2%) turned to college friends (p<0.05). Homosexuals (88.9%) accessed the Testing and Counseling Center service and 72.4% were tested for sexually transmitted infections after having sex with a casual partner (p<0.05). Positive attitudes towards sexual health were observed in heterosexual non-dating application users. Conclusion Vulnerability of dating application users was not associated with sexual orientation. Interventions through sex education that stimulate self-knowledge and the risks of unprotected sexual practice are required in view of access to technologies for casual dates.

The Receptor AT1 Appears to Be Important for the Maintenance of Bone Mass and AT2 Receptor Function in Periodontal Bone Loss Appears to Be Regulated by AT1 Receptor.

A large number of experimental studies has demonstrated that angiotensin II (Ang II) is involved in key events of the inflammatory process. This study aimed to evaluate the role of Ang II type 1 (AT1) and Ang II type 2 (AT2) receptors on periodontitis. Methods: Experimental periodontitis was induced by placing a 5.0 nylon thread ligature around the second upper left molar of AT1 mice, no-ligature or ligature (AT1-NL and AT1-L), AT2 (AT2-NL or AT2-L) and wild type (WT-NL or L). Alveolar bone loss was scanned using Micro-CT. Cytokines, peptides and enzymes were analyzed from gingival tissues by Elisa and RT-PCR. Results: The blockade of AT1 receptor resulted in bone loss, even in healthy animals. Ang II receptor blockades did not prevent linear bone loss. Ang II and Ang 1-7 levels were significantly increased in the AT2-L (p < 0.01) group compared to AT2-NL and AT1-L. The genic expression of the Mas receptor was significantly increased in WT-L and AT2-L compared to (WT-NL and AT2-NL, respectively) and in AT1-L. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the receptor AT1 appears to be important for the maintenance of bone mass. AT2 receptor molecular function in periodontitis appears to be regulated by AT1.

What increases the chances of staying in social isolation? Effect of prosocial variables / O que aumenta a chance de permanecer no isolamento social? Efeito de variáveis pró-sociais / ¿Qué aumenta las posibilidades de permanecer en aislamiento social? Efecto de las variables prosociales

The article aims to evaluate the effects that empathy, altruism and compassion, plus sociodemographic variables, have on the permanence of adherence to the social isolation demanded by the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was quantitative, longitudinal and included a sample of 200 people from three Brazilian states, who answered twice an online questionnaire (prepared by Google forms), at intervals of 30 days, during social isolation. Davis' Multidimensional Reactivity Scale was used; the Santa Clara compassion scale (Brief Compassion Scale); the Altruistic Attitudes Scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The results indicated that there was an increase in the perspective empathy dimension between the first and the second collection and that the financial aspects, compassion and perspective taking increased the chances of people remaining in social isolation.

O artigo possui como objetivo avaliar o efeito que a empatia, altruísmo e compaixão, mais variáveis sociodemográficas, possuem na permanência da adesão ao isolamento social demandado pela pandemia do Covid-19. O estudo foi quantitativo, longitudinal e contou com uma amostra de 200 pessoas de três estados brasileiros, que responderam duas vezes um questionário online (elaborado pelo Google forms), em intervalos de 30 dias, durante o isolamento social do primeiro semestre de 2020. Utilizou-se a escala Multidimensional de Reatividade Interpessoal de Davis; a escala de compaixão da Santa Clara (Brief Compassion Scale); a Escala de Atitudes Altruístas e um questionário sociodemográfico. Os resultados indicaram que houve aumento na dimensão da empatia de tomada de perspectiva entre a primeira e a segunda coleta e que os aspectos financeiros, a compaixão e a tomada de perspectiva aumentaram as chances de as pessoas permanecerem em isolamento social.

El artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar los efectos que la empatía, el altruismo y la compasión, además de las variables sociodemográficas, tienen sobre la permanencia de la adhesión al aislamiento social exigido por la pandemia de Covid-19. El estudio fue cuantitativo, longitudinal e incluyó una muestra de 200 personas de tres estados brasileños, que respondieron dos veces un cuestionario en línea (preparado por formularios de Google), a intervalos de 30 días, durante el aislamiento social. Se utilizó la escala de reactividad multidimensional de Davis; la escala de compasión de Santa Clara (Breve escala de compasión); la escala de actitudes altruistas y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Los resultados indicaron que hubo un aumento en la dimensión de empatía de perspectiva entre la primera y la segunda colección y que los aspectos financieros, la compasión y la toma de perspectiva aumentaron las posibilidades de que las personas permanezcan en aislamiento social.

Dating Applications, Sexual Behaviors, and Attitudes of College Students in Brazil's Legal Amazon.

Although dating applications (apps) have become popular among young adults, there is a dearth of information regarding the sexual health implications among Brazilian college students. This study examined risky sexual behavior and attitudes of dating app users, based on their sex in Brazil's Legal Amazon. Three hundred and fifty-nine students reported their sociodemographic data, dating app use, and sexual behaviors and attitudes through self-administered questionnaires. Bivariate analyses and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post-hoc tests were performed. Dating app use was reported by 238 (66.3%) subjects, most of whom had an encounter and sex with a casual partner. Women frequently requested condom use. Trust in one's partner or having repeated encounters were the main reasons for engaging in risky sexual behavior. Men had a greater number of sexual partners and less protective attitudes. Sexual health awareness by apps was not reported by 97% of women, and most of them were not tested for sexually transmitted infections. A positive attitude toward sexual health was not a predictor of safe sex. Important similarities and differences regarding risky sexual behaviors and attitudes were observed between the sexes, many of which correlated with increased sexual vulnerability during the sexual encounters arranged through the dating apps. This cross-sectional study supports efforts on sexual health promotion and sexual education implementation in the face of growing usage of apps among young adults for sexual matters.

Evidence of validity, reliability and psychometric parameters of the items of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short (CERQ-Short) / Evidência de validade, fidedignidade e parâmetros psicométricos dos itens do Questionário Cognitivo de Regulação Emocional-Short (CERQ-Short) / Evidencia de validez, fidedignidad y parámetros psicométricos de los ítems del Cuestionario Cognitivo de Regulación Emocional-Short (CERQ-Short)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the construct validity, internal consistency and psychometric indicators of the reduced version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-short). The CERQ-short was adapted and translated to Portuguese prior to its administration to 254 adults, mainly from the state of Paraíba, Brazil. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Compulsive Buying Scale (CBS) and a sociodemographic questionnaire were also applied. The original CERQ-short nine-factor structure was preserved. The convergent and discriminant validity, the reliability and the psychometric adequacy concerning item difficulty and item discrimination were also confirmed. The results support the use of this scale for rapid screening and research. (AU)

O presente estudo teve como objetivo buscar evidências de validade de construto, de consistência interna e indicadores psicométricos dos itens da versão adaptada para o português do Questionário Cognitivo de Regulação Emocional versão reduzida (CERQ-short). Após tradução e adaptação, foi aplicado o CERQ-Short, as escalas de dificuldade em regulação emocional (DERS) e de Compras Compulsivas (CBS), além de um questionário demográfico em uma amostra de 254 adultos, maioria de paraibanos. Verificou-se que a estrutura original de nove fatores do CERQ-Short foi mantida, também foram confirmadas as validades convergente e discriminante, a fidedignidade e a adequação psicométrica dos itens no que se refere à dificuldade e à discriminação dos itens. A escala apresentou evidência para a utilização em rastreio rápido e pesquisas. (AU)

El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo la búsqueda de evidencias de la validez del construto e indicadores psicométricos de los ítems, de una versión adaptada para el portugués, del Cuestionario Cognitivo de Regulación Emocional, versión reducida (CERQ-short). Inicialmente, fue realizada la traducción y adaptación semántica; posteriormente, fue aplicado el cuestionario CERQ-Short a las escalas de dificultad en regulación emocional (DERS) y de las Compras Compulsivas (CBS), además de un cuestionario demográfico en una muestra de 254 adultos, la mayoría de los paraibanos. Se verificó que la estructura original de nueve factores del CERQ-Short fue mantenida, así como las evidencias de validez del construto, fiabilidad y adecuación psicométrica de los ítems. La escala presentó evidencias para la utilización en rastreo rápido y pesquisas. (AU)

Decreased Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 (ENT1) Activity Contributes to the High Extracellular Adenosine Levels in Mesenchymal Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells.

Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most malignant types of cancer. This is mainly due to a cell subpopulation with an extremely aggressive potential, called glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). These cells produce high levels of extracellular adenosine which has been associated with increased chemoresistance, migration, and invasion in glioblastoma. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the mechanisms that control extracellular adenosine levels in GSC subtypes. By using primary and U87MG-derived GSCs, we associated increased extracellular adenosine with the mesenchymal phenotype. [3H]-adenosine uptake occurred mainly through the equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) in GSCs, but mesenchymal GSCs have lower expression and ENT1-mediated uptake activity than proneural GSCs. By analyzing expression and enzymatic activity, we determined that ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) is predominantly expressed in proneural GSCs, driving AMPase activity. While in mesenchymal GSCs, both CD73 and Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP) contribute to the AMP (adenosine monophosphate) hydrolysis. We did not observe significant differences between the expression of proteins involved in the metabolization of adenosine among the GCSs subtypes. In conclusion, the lower expression and activity of the ENT1 transporter in mesenchymal GSCs contributes to the high level of extracellular adenosine that these GSCs present.

Performance analysis of commercial rapid tests for serum troponin detection / Análise do desempenho de testes rápidos comerciais para detecção de troponina I sérica

ABSTRACT Introduction: Rapid tests represent an important diagnostic tool, providing results in a short period of time and eliminating the use of large automated equipment. Objective: To evaluate the performance of five rapid test kits for troponin I detection in serum. Materials and methods: Samples from 100 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were selected from a hospital in Barbacena, MG, Brazil. They were tested in the five troponin I commercial rapid test kits and the results were compared with the study reference method (quantitative chemiluminescent immunoassay). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and correlation coefficients of the rapid tests against the reference method were defined. Results: The kits from Abon®, Interteck®, Medtest® and Wama® presented the same performance, reaching equal levels of sensitivity (98.08%), specificity (100%), PPV (100%), NPV (97.96%), and correlation coefficient (0.99). The Eco Diagnostica® kit presented lower sensitivity (82.69%), low correlation coefficient (0.91) and NPV (84.21%), not reaching ideal levels even though lying within the confidence interval. Discussion: The results obtained with the Abon®, Interteck®, Medtest® and Wama® test kits corroborate pre-existing literature data on the diagnostic accuracy of rapid tests for troponin detection. These tests are allowed for immediate decision making by physicians and can be used to reduce unnecessary hospitalization time and costs associated with a suspected AMI. Conclusion: The kits from Abon®, Interteck®, Medtest® and Wama® showed excellent diagnostic performance, what makes them an important diagnostic tool in smaller laboratories without automated equipment.

RESUMEN Introducción: Hoy en día, las pruebas rápidas representan importante herramienta diagnóstica, ofrecen resultados en corto espacio de tempo y dispensan el uso de equipos automatizados. Objetivo: Evaluar el desempeño de cinco kits de pruebas rápidas para detectar troponina I en suero. Material y métodos: Se eligieron 100 especímenes de pacientes sospechosos de infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM) de un hospital en el municipio de Barbacena, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Los especímenes fueron testados en los cinco kits comerciales de prueba rápida de troponina I y el resultado se comparó con el método considerado referencia en el estudio (inmunoensayo quimioluminiscente cuantitativo). Luego, se establecieron los niveles de sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo (VPP), valor predictivo negativo (VPN) y coeficiente de correlación de las pruebas rápidas con respecto al método de referencia. Resultados: Las marcas Abon®, Interteck®, Medtest® y Wama® tuvieron el mismo desempeño, alcanzando niveles iguales de sensibilidad (98,08%), especificidad (100%), VPP (100%), VPN (97,96%) y coeficiente de correlación (0,99), mientras la marca Eco Diagnóstica® presentó 82,69% de sensibilidad, 0,91 de coeficiente de correlación y 84,21% de VPN, no alcanzando los niveles ideales, aunque dentro del intervalo de confianza. Discusión: Los resultados obtenidos con las marcas Abon®, Interteck®, Medtest® e Wama® confirman datos preexistentes en la literatura sobre la precisión diagnóstica de las pruebas rápidas para detectar troponina. Esas pruebas permiten a los médicos adoptar decisiones de forma inmediata y pueden ser usados para reducir tiempo y costos de internaciones innecesarias cuando hay sospecha de IAM. Conclusión: Las marcas Abon®, Interteck®, Medtest® e Wama® presentaron excelente desempeño diagnóstico y representan importante herramienta diagnóstica en laboratorios menores, sin equipos automatizados.

RESUMO Introdução: Atualmente, os testes rápidos representam importante ferramenta diagnóstica, fornecendo resultados em curto espaço de tempo e dispensando a utilização de grandes automações. Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho de cinco kits de testes rápidos para pesquisa sérica de troponina I. Materiais e métodos: Foram selecionadas 100 amostras de pacientes com suspeita de infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) de um hospital do município de Barbacena, Minas Gerais, Brasil. As amostras foram testadas nos cinco kits comerciais de teste rápido de troponina I e o resultado foi comparado com o método considerado referência no estudo (imunoensaio quimioluminescente quantitativo). Em seguida, foram definidos níveis de sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo (VPP), valor preditivo negativo (VPN) e coeficiente de correlação dos testes rápidos em relação ao método de referência. Resultados: Os kits Abon®, Interteck®, Medtest® e Wama® apresentaram o mesmo desempenho, atingindo níveis iguais de sensibilidade (98,08%), especificidade (100%), VPP (100%), VPN (97,96%) e coeficiente de correlação (0,99). O kit Eco Diagnóstica® apresentou 82,69% de sensibilidade, 0,91 de coeficiente de correlação e 84,21% de VPN, não atingindo os níveis ideais, mesmo dentro do intervalo de confiança. Discussão: Os resultados obtidos com os kits Abon®, Interteck®, Medtest® e Wama® confirmam dados preexistentes na literatura sobre a exatidão diagnóstica dos testes rápidos para detecção de troponina. Esses testes permitem a tomada de decisão imediata pelo médico e podem ser usados para reduzir tempo e custos de internações desnecessárias na suspeita de IAM. Conclusão: Os kits Abon®, Interteck®, Medtest® e Wama® apresentaram excelente desempenho diagnóstico e constituem importante ferramenta diagnóstica em laboratórios menores, sem equipamentos automatizados.

The capacity for resilience and social support in the urban elderly. / A capacidade de resiliência e suporte social em idosos urbanos.

Resilience is the human capacity to adapt to adverse life situations; it can be enhanced by the action of various protective factors and one of the most important of these is social support. The objective of this study was to identify associations between resilience and sociodemographic variables (gender, age, income, marital status, housing arrangements and religion), as well as correlations between resilience and social support in a sample of 86 urban elderly people. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Resilience Scale and the Social Support Scale were used. The mean age was 75.7 years (SD = 5.35), with a predominance of women (72.1%, n = 62). A high level of resilience (M = 134.37, SD = 16.6) and a moderate level of social support (M = 17.36, SD = 2.77) were observed in the elderly people. There was only a significant association between resilience and religion (χ2 = 0.30; p = 0.027). Only a weak and positive correlation was observed between the factor of independence and determination on the Resilience Scale with social support (p = 0.005). Linear regression analysis revealed that social support was not a predictive variable for the capacity of resilience in the researched group. It is necessary to create new research instruments that permit a more precise study of the protective effects of social support regarding the capacity for resilience in the elderly.

Resiliência é a capacidade humana de se adaptar às situações adversas de vida e pode ser potencializada pela ação dos fatores de proteção, dos quais se destaca o suporte social. Objetivou-se identificar associações entre a resiliência e variáveis sociodemográficas (sexo, idade, renda, estado civil, arranjo de moradia e religião) e correlações entre a resiliência e o suporte social, numa amostra de 86 idosos urbanos. Utilizaram-se um questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de Resiliência e a Escala de Suporte Social. A média de idade foi de 75,7 anos (DP = 5,35), com predomínio de mulheres (72,1%; n = 62). Observou-se alta capacidade de resiliência nos idosos (M = 134,37; DP = 16,6) e moderado índice de suporte social (M = 17,36; DP = 2,77). Houve associação significativa apenas entre a resiliência e religião (χ2 = 0,30; p = 0,027). Foi observada apenas uma correlação fraca e positiva entre o fator independência e determinação da Escala de Resiliência com o suporte social (p = 0,005). A análise de regressão linear revelou que o suporte social não foi uma variável preditiva para a capacidade de resiliência no grupo pesquisado. É necessário criar novos instrumentos de pesquisa que possibilitem o estudo mais preciso dos efeitos protetores do suporte social sobre a capacidade de resiliência em idosos.

A capacidade de resiliência e suporte social em idosos urbanos / The capacity for resilience and social support in the urban elderly

Resumo Resiliência é a capacidade humana de se adaptar às situações adversas de vida e pode ser potencializada pela ação dos fatores de proteção, dos quais se destaca o suporte social. Objetivou-se identificar associações entre a resiliência e variáveis sociodemográficas (sexo, idade, renda, estado civil, arranjo de moradia e religião) e correlações entre a resiliência e o suporte social, numa amostra de 86 idosos urbanos. Utilizaram-se um questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de Resiliência e a Escala de Suporte Social. A média de idade foi de 75,7 anos (DP = 5,35), com predomínio de mulheres (72,1%; n = 62). Observou-se alta capacidade de resiliência nos idosos (M = 134,37; DP = 16,6) e moderado índice de suporte social (M = 17,36; DP = 2,77). Houve associação significativa apenas entre a resiliência e religião (χ2 = 0,30; p = 0,027). Foi observada apenas uma correlação fraca e positiva entre o fator independência e determinação da Escala de Resiliência com o suporte social (p = 0,005). A análise de regressão linear revelou que o suporte social não foi uma variável preditiva para a capacidade de resiliência no grupo pesquisado. É necessário criar novos instrumentos de pesquisa que possibilitem o estudo mais preciso dos efeitos protetores do suporte social sobre a capacidade de resiliência em idosos.

Abstract Resilience is the human capacity to adapt to adverse life situations; it can be enhanced by the action of various protective factors and one of the most important of these is social support. The objective of this study was to identify associations between resilience and sociodemographic variables (gender, age, income, marital status, housing arrangements and religion), as well as correlations between resilience and social support in a sample of 86 urban elderly people. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Resilience Scale and the Social Support Scale were used. The mean age was 75.7 years (SD = 5.35), with a predominance of women (72.1%, n = 62). A high level of resilience (M = 134.37, SD = 16.6) and a moderate level of social support (M = 17.36, SD = 2.77) were observed in the elderly people. There was only a significant association between resilience and religion (χ2 = 0.30; p = 0.027). Only a weak and positive correlation was observed between the factor of independence and determination on the Resilience Scale with social support (p = 0.005). Linear regression analysis revealed that social support was not a predictive variable for the capacity of resilience in the researched group. It is necessary to create new research instruments that permit a more precise study of the protective effects of social support regarding the capacity for resilience in the elderly.

Elderly individuals in primary health care: Quality of life and associated characteristics / Idosos na atenção primária à saúde: qualidade de vida e características associadas

The aim of the study is to assess the quality of life of elderly individuals with hypertension and diabetes Mellitus. A total of 371 elderly individuals with hypertension and/or diabetes who are being treated in the public primary health care network, with a mean age of 71 years, M = 71, 34 (SD = 6.848) participated in this study. It is a quantitative-qualitative study, carried out in two stages. In the first, the quantitative data were collected using the following instruments: WHOQOL-bref, Mini Mental State Exam, and a sociodemographic questionnaire, in order to screen the second stage participants (13 elderly individuals), who corresponded to the qualitative strategy, using the focal group technique. The results showed that the elderly individuals without hypertension/diabetes had higher quality of life mean values. Those affected by both diseases presented the worst 'physical' domain mean values. Qualitative data indicate the 'social' and the 'psychological' domains as the most important ones, also revealing the centrality of the disease in their reports.

O objetivo do estudo é avaliar a qualidade de vida de idosos portadores de hipertensão arterial e diabetes Mellitus. Participaram 371 idosos portadores de hipertensão e/ou diabetes acompanhados na atenção primária à saúde, com média de idade de 71 anos M = 71, 34 (DP = 6,848). Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quanti-qualitativa, realizado em duas etapas. Na primeira, os dados quantitativos foram coletados por instrumentos (WHOQOL-bref; Mini Exame do Estado Mental; questionário sociodemográfico) para rastreio dos participantes da segunda etapa (13 idosos), que correspondeu à estratégia qualitativa, realizada através da técnica de grupo focal. Os resultados revelam que idosos sem hipertensão/diabetes apresentaram maiores médias dos domínios da qualidade de vida. Os acometidos pelas duas enfermidades apresentam as piores médias no domínio 'físico'. Os dados qualitativos indicam o domínio 'social' e o 'psicológico' como os mais importantes, como também revelam a centralidade da doença nos discursos dos participantes.

[O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) expression in patients with glioblastoma multiforme]. / Expresión de O6-metilguanina-ADN-metiltransferasa (MGMT) en pacientes chilenos con glioblastoma multiforme.

BACKGROUND: Patients with Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have a five years survival of less than 5%, but the response to chemotherapy with alkylating agents can vary depending on the methylation status of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT). Genetic testing has limitations for routine use, while immunohistochemistry (IHC) offers a fast and affordable technique but with heterogeneous results in the literature. AIM: To evaluate MGMT expression by IHC in tumor tissue of Chilean patients with GBM. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tumor samples of 29 patients with a pathological diagnosis of GBM were studied. We performed IHC staining and manual analysis of positive and negative cells for MGMT expression. A cut-off of at least 10% of cells expressing MGMT was used. Demographic and clinical features of patients were obtained from clinical records. RESULTS: The median number of cells counted per case was 692 (interquartile range [IQR] 492-928). Fifteen cases (52%) were positive for MGMT expression. Median overall survival was 5.3 months (IQR 3.4-12-8). The effect of MGMT expression on the therapeutic response was not studied since only 3 patients received chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are similar to international reports, but we were not able to determine the association between MGMT expression and therapeutic response.

Expresión de O6-metilguanina-ADN-metiltransferasa (MGMT) en pacientes chilenos con glioblastoma multiforme / O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) expression in patients with glioblastoma multiforme

Background: Patients with Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have a five years survival of less than 5%, but the response to chemotherapy with alkylating agents can vary depending on the methylation status of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT). Genetic testing has limitations for routine use, while immunohistochemistry (IHC) offers a fast and affordable technique but with heterogeneous results in the literature. Aim: To evaluate MGMT expression by IHC in tumor tissue of Chilean patients with GBM. Material and Methods: Tumor samples of 29 patients with a pathological diagnosis of GBM were studied. We performed IHC staining and manual analysis of positive and negative cells for MGMT expression. A cut-off of at least 10% of cells expressing MGMT was used. Demographic and clinical features of patients were obtained from clinical records. Results: The median number of cells counted per case was 692 (interquartile range [IQR] 492-928). Fifteen cases (52%) were positive for MGMT expression. Median overall survival was 5.3 months (IQR 3.4-12-8). The effect of MGMT expression on the therapeutic response was not studied since only 3 patients received chemotherapy. Conclusions: Our results are similar to international reports, but we were not able to determine the association between MGMT expression and therapeutic response.

Psychometric properties of the complete version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-OLD): reduced response scale.

This study sought to compare evidence of the factorial validity of the adapted version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-OLD) scale (three response options) with the original version of the scale. We included two populations of individuals age 60 years or older from northeast Brazil. The majority of participants were women who had an elementary-level education. The first population comprised 335 elderly persons who completed the original version of the scale, and the second was composed by 265 elderly persons who completed the shortened scale. Results indicated better adjusting on the reduced scale and showed items with lower error probability in assessment of elderly persons with lower quality of life.