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1.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 75(5/6): 62-66, mayo-jun. 2017.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-163977

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La enfermedad hepática grasa no alcohólica (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]) es la primera causa de enfermedad hepática crónica en niños en los países desarrollados. Esta elevada prevalencia se debe a la estrecha relación con la obesidad infantil, patología con categoría de epidemia. Hace referencia a la esteatosis, o depósito de grasa difuso e intracelular no complicado, y a la esteatohepatitis no alcohólica, definida por la necroinflamación y, en ocasiones, la balonización hepatocelular (más frecuente en adultos). No tiene clínica específica y se suele sospechar en el contexto clínico de obesidad, resistencia a la insulina o diabetes mellitus. De cara al diagnóstico, las transaminasas pueden estar elevadas, presentar valores normales u oscilaciones en el tiempo. Pacientes y métodos: Planteamos este trabajo como revisión y actualización de las posibilidades terapéuticas que pueden emplearse actualmente o en un futuro próximo, además del tratamiento actual de la NAFLD basado en el ejercicio físico y la dieta adecuada. Para ello, realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica para conocer las nuevas dianas terapéuticas y las medidas farmacológicas y/o quirúrgicas en diferentes etapas de investigación. Resultados: Se describen varias dianas terapéuticas que pueden contribuir a la dieta y al ejercicio, así como futuras líneas de investigación. Conclusiones: Es difícil mantener una adecuada rutina de dieta y ejercicio en la edad pediátrica, por lo que varios fármacos (descritos en el artículo más adelante) de uso probado en adultos y la cirugía bariátrica pueden contribuir al tratamiento de la NAFLD en la edad pediátrica (AU)


Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children in developed countries. This high prevalence is due to the close relationship with childhood obesity, disease reaching epidemic category. It refers to the deposit or diffuse steatosis and intracellular fat and complicated NASH defined by necroinflammation and sometimes hepatocellular ballooning. It has no specific clinical and is usually suspected in the clinical context of obesity, insulin resistance or diabetes mellitus. Transaminases may be elevated, have normal levels or be oscillating in time. Patients and methods: We raise this work as revising and updating the therapeutic possibilities that may be currently employed or in the near future, in addition to the current treatment of NAFLD based on physical exercise and the right diet. We carry out a literature search to learn about new therapeutic targets and drug and/or surgical measures at different stages of research. Results: Several therapeutic targets that may contribute to the diet and exercise are described and future research. Conclusions: It is difficult to maintain a proper diet and exercise routine in children, so many drugs (described in the article below) of proven use in adults and bariatric surgery can contribute to the treatment of NAFLD in children (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Fatty Liver/therapy , Pediatric Obesity/therapy , Weight Reduction Programs , Fatty Liver/epidemiology , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Sedentary Behavior , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology
2.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 73(8): e212-e218, sept. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-143948

ABSTRACT

La esofagitis de origen infeccioso es una entidad poco frecuente a cualquier edad, especialmente durante la infancia y la adolescencia. La mayoría de los casos son diagnosticados en personas inmunodeprimidas o que reciben tratamiento inmunosupresor. Así, pocas publicaciones describen esta entidad en pacientes inmunocompetentes. Presentamos el caso de una adolescente inmunocompetente, de 13 años de edad, con esofagitis herpética, diagnosticada mediante endoscopia y serología, que respondió favorablemente al tratamiento con Aciclovir (AU)


Infectious esophagitis is a rare sickness at any age, especially in infants and adolescents. Most cases are diagnosed in immunocompromised hosts or in patients that have received immunosuppressive treatment. Therefore few cases describing this illness in immunocompetent patients have been published. We present the case of a thirteen year old immunocompetent adolescent who presented herpetic esophagitis, diagnosed by endoscopy and serology and that responded favourably with acyclovir treatment (AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Esophagitis/complications , Immunocompetence , Acyclovir/therapeutic use , Herpes Simplex/drug therapy , Endoscopy/methods , Omeprazole/therapeutic use , Sialorrhea/complications , Parenteral Nutrition/methods
3.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 3(supl.1): 34-42, sept. 2005. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-146831

ABSTRACT

En las últimas décadas, las fórmulas infantiles han experimentado un gran avance en su composición e intentan emular la leche materna. Desde la década de 1960 se conoce la presencia de nucleótidos en la leche de mujer. Su presencia incrementa la respuesta inmunológica, tanto celular como humoral, mejora el perfil lipídico y favorece la maduración del epitelio intestinal. Los estudios realizados en animales de experimentación y recién nacidos han puesto de manifiesto estas funciones y han demostrado la ausencia de efectos secundarios. En el presente artículo se analizan estos aspectos y las normas publicadas por diversos organismos en cuanto a su utilización en la composición de fórmulas adaptadas (AU)


No disponible


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Infant Nutrition , Infant Food/analysis , Nucleotides/analysis , Infant Formula/chemistry , Food, Formulated/analysis , Milk, Human/chemistry , Milk Substitutes/chemistry
4.
An Esp Pediatr ; 52(2): 148-56, 2000 Feb.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11003881

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) represent an important target group for efforts aimed at reducing unnecessary antibiotic use. OBJECTIVE: To present the epidemiological data and evaluate the effect of clinical, laboratory, radiological and microbiological data on the decision to prescribe antibiotics to pediatric patients with ARTI as well as to seek criteria that would justify antibiotic use. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was made of the clinical histories of 147 previously healthy children, consecutively admitted to our hospital with ARTI for 1 year (May 1996-April 1997). Patients were divided in two groups: those not treated with antibiotics (n = 92) and those treated (n = 55). Data from the two groups were compared with a statistical computer program (R-Sigma). RESULTS: Of the 147 patients studied, mean age was 2.5 years (range 0-14 years) and 85 (58%) males. One-hundred-and-five patients (72%) had previously been attended to in the emergency room, and 45 patients (30%) had been treated with antibiotics. Upper respiratory tract infection was diagnosed in 81 patients (54%), bronchitis in 28 (18%), bronchiolitis in 23 (15%) and pneumonia in 15 (10%). Ninety-seven patients (66%) had viral infection and only two (1%) had bacterial infection. Syncytial respiratory virus was isolated in 41 patients (28%) and adenovirus in 30 (20%). In the untreated group, the longer duration of symptoms before admission, lymphocytosis, clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis and normal thorax X-ray, were statistically significant. In the treated group, fever, leukocytosis, neutrophilia and a diagnosis of pneumonia were statistically significant. Length of stay was longer in this group than in the untreated group. CONCLUSIONS: It is difficult to prescribe antibiotics on the basis of bacteriologic data. Laboratory, analytic and radiological data can be helpful in the rational use of antibiotics.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Hospitalization , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies
5.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 52(2): 148-156, feb. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-2406

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: Los niños con infección respiratoria aguda constituyen un grupo permanente de estudio para evitar el tratamiento innecesario con antibióticos. Objetivo: Presentar los datos epidemiológicos y estudiar el efecto que tienen los datos clínicos, analíticos, radiológicos y microbiológicos en la decisión de tratar con antibióticos a niños hospitalizados por infección respiratoria aguda, buscando criterios que justifiquen su uso. Pacientes y métodos Se revisan las historias clínicas de 147 niños ingresados consecutivamente por catarro de vías altas, bronquitis, bronquiolitis y neumonía, durante un año (mayo 1996-abril 1997). Los pacientes se dividieron en 2 grupos: pacientes no tratados con antibióticos (n = 92), y pacientes tratados (n = 55) y se compararon estadísticamente los datos mediante un programa R-Sigma. Resultados En el conjunto de la serie, la edad media fue de 2,5 años con predominio de varones 85 (58 por ciento); habían consultado previamente en urgencias 105 pacientes (72 por ciento) y estaban recibiendo antibióticos 45 pacientes (30 por ciento). Se diagnosticó catarro de vías altas en 81 pacientes (54 por ciento), bronquitis en 28 (18 por ciento), bronquiolitis en 23 (15 por ciento) y neumonía en 15 (10 por ciento). Hubo 97 pacientes (66 por ciento) con infección viral demostrada y 2 (1 por ciento) bacteriana. El virus respiratorio sincitial se aisló en 41 pacientes (28 por ciento) y el adenovirus en 30 (20 por ciento). Entre los pacientes no tratados resultaron estadísticamente significativos la mayor duración de los síntomas antes del ingreso, la linfocitosis, el diagnóstico de bronquiolitis y la radiografía de tórax normal. Entre los pacientes tratados fueron estadísticamente significativas fiebre, leucocitosis, neutrofilia y el diagnóstico de neumonía, siendo así mismo más larga la estancia hospitalaria. Conclusión En nuestro medio, es difícil indicar un tratamiento antibiótico basándose en criterios bacteriológicos; los criterios clínicos, radiológicos y analíticos pueden ayudar en la toma de decisiones (AU)


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Male , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Female , Humans , Catheterization , Hospitalization , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Respiratory Tract Infections , Retrospective Studies , Aortic Valve Stenosis , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Aortic Coarctation , Acute Disease , Heart Failure
7.
An Esp Pediatr ; 47(5): 493-8, 1997 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9586290

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were: 1) To assess the effectiveness of viral culture and serology. 2) To check if there are clinical differences between patients with viral or bacterial infections. 3) Assessment of treatment, previous to and during the hospital stay. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study was carried out between January 1994 and June 1995 on 56 inpatients diagnosed of pneumonia. The mean age was 3 years (range: 2 months- 14 years). Viral cultures on cell monolayers was carried out in 46 patients. Serology was carried out in 33 patients older than six months of age. Blood cultures were obtained in 27 patients and a tuberculine reaction was studied in 15 patients. On the basis of microbiological results, three groups were formed (viral, bacterial and unknown) and clinical symptoms, thorax X-rays, and laboratory data were compared. RESULTS: The etiologic agent was detected in 36 patients (64%). The most frequent pathogens detected were adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus with 11 patients (19%) each, followed by Mycoplasma pneumoniae with 9 patients (16%): Viral cultures were positive in 16 patients (35%) and serology in 22 patients (66%). Viral infection was detected in 20 patients (36%) and bacterial infection in 16 (28%). Mixed infection (bacterial/viral) was found in 5 patients (9%). The patients with viral infections showed significant differences (p < 0.01) for age (younger) and tachypnea compared with those with bacterial infections. Sixty-six percent of the patients had received antibiotic treatment previous to hospital admission and 87% during their hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Although the etiologic studies were positive in 64% of the patients, the delay in obtaining the results make them scarcely useful in determining whether to initiate or not antibiotic therapy (87% of inpatients). Clinical data, radiology results and leukocyte counts do not show any difference between viral and bacterial infections.


Subject(s)
Hospitalization , Pneumonia/etiology , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Pneumonia/diagnosis , Prospective Studies
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