Factores de riesgo y protección del estrés traumático secundario en los cuidados intensivos: un estudio exploratorio en un hospital terciario de Madrid / Risk and protective factors of secondary traumatic stress in Intensive Care Units: An exploratory study in a hospital in Madrid (Spain)

OBJETIVO: Proponer un modelo de predictores del estrés traumático secundario. DISEÑO: Se trata de un diseño transversal descriptivo. Ámbito: El estudio se llevó a cabo en las unidades de cuidados intensivos de un hospital terciario de Madrid. PARTICIPANTES: La muestra estuvo formada por 103 profesionales sanitarios. INTERVENCIONES: Se creó una batería de cuestionarios que fue rellenada por los profesionales. Respecto al análisis de datos, se utilizó una metodología de redes y análisis de regresión jerárquica. Variables de interés: Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas tales como género, años de experiencia y puesto, el estrés traumático secundario, la pasión por el trabajo, los estresores laborales, el esfuerzo emocional, la empatía, la autocompasión. RESULTADOS: Se establece: a) para la fatiga por compasión, los años de experiencia como factor de riesgo (β = 0,224 y p = 0,029) y la pasión armoniosa como protector (β = −0,363 y p = 0,001); b) para la sacudida de creencias, el esfuerzo emocional y la empatía como factores de riesgo (β = 0,304 y p = 0,004; β = 0,394 y p = 0,000, respectivamente) y c) para la sintomatología, los estresores laborales y la empatía como factores de riesgo (β = 0,189 y p = 0,039; β = 0,395 y p = 0,000, respectivamente) y los años de experiencia como protector (β = −0,266 y p = 0,002). CONCLUSIONES: Este modelo predictivo del estrés traumático secundario asienta factores protectores que podrían aumentarse, como la pasión armoniosa, y factores de riesgo que sería conveniente reducir, como la empatía y el esfuerzo emocional, con el fin de mejorar la calidad asistencial y de vida de los profesionales

AIM: To propose a predictive model of secondary traumatic stress. DESIGN: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. Context: The study was conducted in the Intensive Care Units of a hospital in Madrid (Spain). PARTICIPANTS: The sample comprised 103 health professionals. INTERVENTIONS: A series of questionnaires were created and completed by the participants. Network analysis and multiple regression were used for data analysis. Variables of interest: Sociodemographic variables such as gender, years of experience and position, secondary traumatic stress, passion for work, work stressors, emotional effort, empathy and self-compassion were evaluated. RESULTS: The result identified the following: a) years of experience as a risk factor for compassion fatigue (β=0.224 and P=0.029), and harmonious passion as a protector (β=−0.363 and P=0.001); b) emotional effort and empathy as risk factors for shattered assumptions (β=0.304 and P=0.004; β=0.394 and P=0.000, respectively); and c), work stressors and empathy as risk factors for symptomatology (β=0.189 and P=0.039; β=0.395 and P=0.000, respectively), and years of experience as a protector (β=−0.266 and P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: This predictive model of secondary traumatic stress identifies protective factors which could be reinforced, such as harmonious passion, and risk factors which should be reduced, such as empathy and emotional effort, with a view to promoting quality of care and quality of life among these professionals

Risk and protective factors of secondary traumatic stress in Intensive Care Units: An exploratory study in a hospital in Madrid (Spain). / Factores de riesgo y protección del estrés traumático secundario en los cuidados intensivos: un estudio exploratorio en un hospital terciario de Madrid.

AIM: To propose a predictive model of secondary traumatic stress. DESIGN: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. CONTEXT: The study was conducted in the Intensive Care Units of a hospital in Madrid (Spain). PARTICIPANTS: The sample comprised 103 health professionals. INTERVENTIONS: A series of questionnaires were created and completed by the participants. Network analysis and multiple regression were used for data analysis. VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Sociodemographic variables such as gender, years of experience and position, secondary traumatic stress, passion for work, work stressors, emotional effort, empathy and self-compassion were evaluated. RESULTS: The result identified the following: a) years of experience as a risk factor for compassion fatigue (ß=0.224 and P=0.029), and harmonious passion as a protector (ß=-0.363 and P=0.001); b) emotional effort and empathy as risk factors for shattered assumptions (ß=0.304 and P=0.004; ß=0.394 and P=0.000, respectively); and c), work stressors and empathy as risk factors for symptomatology (ß=0.189 and P=0.039; ß=0.395 and P=0.000, respectively), and years of experience as a protector (ß=-0.266 and P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: This predictive model of secondary traumatic stress identifies protective factors which could be reinforced, such as harmonious passion, and risk factors which should be reduced, such as empathy and emotional effort, with a view to promoting quality of care and quality of life among these professionals.

Intervención breve basada en ACT y mindfulness: estudio piloto con profesionales de enfermería en UCI y Urgencias / Brief intervention based on ACT and mindfulness: pilot study with nursing staff in intensive care unit and emergency services

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Nurses develop their work in a highly stressful context, where their emotional, attentional and well-being resources are frequently impaired. Because the health care work context is a dynamic and changing context, it is necessary to continue implementing and evaluating the efficacy of brief interventions that consider the organizational needs. The aim of the current paper is showing the result of a pilot study, which implemented and assessed the efficacy of a brief intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Mindfulness to improve nurses levels of psychological flexibility, mindfulness and well-being. Intervention was conducted in a public and tertiary-level hospital in Madrid, specifically in their Intensive Care Units and Emergency Room. For this pilot study, 50 nurses were randomly selected of a total professional population of 164. They were assigned to two groups: the experimental and the waiting-list group. Between-group comparison showed that the intervention had significant benefits in terms of vitality and purpose of life among participants when compared with controls. Intra-group comparisons also showed significant benefits on nurses’ psychological flexibility and negative affect when both groups received the intervention. The intervention also significantly changed nurses’ vitality at follow-up. These results were discussed in terms of strengths and limitations that a brief intervention of these characteristics could have in the work context (AU)

Conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar en profesionales que trabajan con menores de riesgo social en la Comunidad de Madrid / Balance of family and work life in professionals working with minors having social risk in the Community of Madrid

El término ‘conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar’ hace referencia a un conjunto de medidas tendentes a paliar las dificultades que, la dicotomía entre la vida laboral, y la vida personal presentan. En otras palabras que los espacios: laboral y familiar no entren en conflicto y por lo tanto, que ninguno de los dos perjudique el desarrollo del otro. La investigación se desarrolla con el personal activo mujeres y hombres que ejercen funciones de dirección, de educadores sociales, profesores, psicólogos, sanitarios y personal de apoyo logístico, que trabajan en Residencias de Menores que pertenecen a la Red de Protección del Instituto Madrileño de la Familia y el Menor. El objetivo que se persigue es conocer el resultado de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del Cuestionario de Interacción Trabajo-Familia (SWING) en un ámbito diferente, así como los resultados que se originen de la aplicación del cuestionario de usos del tiempo (AU)

The expression ‘work-life balance’ refers to a set of measures designed to palliate the difficulties that issue from the necessity to reconcile our working life with our private life. In other words, the aim is to prevent conflicts between the working environment and the private sphere so that neither of them affects the development of the other. The investigation has been carried out among the men and women (directors, social educators, teachers, psychologists, medical personnel and logistical support staff) who work in Residences for Minors belonging to the Protection Network and assigned to the Madrid Institute for Minors and the Family. Its objective is to gain knowledge of the result of the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Survey Work-Home Interaction Nijmegen (SWING) in a different sphere and draw reasonable conclusions from the application of the Time Management Test (AU)

Beneficios positivos de cuidar en la motivación y el bienestar del personal de enfermería: un estudio de diario sobre el papel de las habilidades de regulación emocional en el trabajo / Positive benefits of caring on nurses’ motivation and well-being: A diary study about the role of emotional regulation abilities at work

La investigación reciente revela que no todas las demandas de trabajo tienen efectos negativos sobre el bienestar de los trabajadores, y sugiere que los efectos negativos o positivos de éstas dependen del sector laboral que se esté abordando. Específicamente, las demandas emocionales en el trabajo, que son el corazón del trabajo de enfermería, pueden ser interpretadas por el personal de enfermería como un reto que promueve la motivación y bienestar entre estos profesionales, especialmente cuando hay recursos personales y laborales disponibles. El estudio tuvo dos objetivos. En primer lugar, examinar si las exigencias emocionales diarias dentro del contexto del trabajo de enfermería tienen un efecto positivo en la motivación diaria del personal de enfermería en el trabajo (vigor) y en el bienestar en el hogar (vitalidad y sentimientos positivos). En segundo lugar, explorar si este efecto positivo podría mejorarse por las habilidades de regulación emocional del personal de enfermería. Esta investigación utilizó un diseño de diario para explorar las experiencias cotidianas y analizar cómo las variaciones de las características laborales y personales específicas pueden afectar los niveles de motivación y bienestar a lo largo de los días. Cincuenta y tres enfermeras que trabajan en diferentes hospitales españoles y centros sanitarios de atención primaria completaron un cuestionario diario durante 5 días laborables consecutivos en dos momentos diferentes, después del trabajo y por la noche (N = 53 participantes y N = 265 observaciones). En línea con nuestras hipótesis, el análisis multinivelreveló que, por un lado, las demandas emocionales en eltrabajo durante el día tuvieron un efecto positivo en el vigor en el trabajo y en la vitalidad en casa. Por otra parte, los análisis mostraron que el personal de enfermería con más habilidades de regulación emocional presentó mayores niveles de motivación en el trabajo y bienestar en el hogar cuando se enfrentaban a altas demandas emocionales en el trabajo, mostrando un efecto 'spillover' después del trabajo. Estos hallazgos apoyan la idea de que las demandas emocionales de la profesión de enfermería pueden actuar como desafíos que promueven la motivación y el bienestar, especialmente si se dispone de los recursos emocionales adecuados

Recent research reveals that not all job demands have negative effects on workers’ well-being and suggests that the negative or positive effects of specific job demands depend on the occupational sector. Specifically, emotional job demands form the heart of the work for nurses and for this reason they can be interpreted by nurses as a challenge that promotes motivation and well-being among these professionals, especially if personal and job resources become available.The study had two objectives. First,to examine whether daily emotional demands within a nursing work context have a positive effect on nurses’ daily motivation atwork (vigour) and well-being at home (vitality and positive affect). Second, to explore whether this positive effect could be enhanced by nurses’ emotional regulation abilities. This research used a diary design to explore daily experiences and to analyze how variations in specific job or personal characteristics can affect levels of motivation and well-being across days. Fifty-three nurses working in different Spanish hospitals and primary health care centres completed a general questionnaire and a diary booklet over 5 consecutive working days in two different moments, after work and at night (N = 53 participants and N = 265 observations). In line with our hypotheses, multi-level analyses revealed that, on the one hand, day-level emotional demands at work had a positive effect on vigour at work and on vitality at home. On the other hand, analyses showed that nurses with higher emotional regulation abilities have more motivation at work and well-being at home when they have to face high emotional demands at work, showing a spill over effect after work. These findings support the idea that emotional demands from the nursing profession can act as challenges which promote motivation and well-being, especially if internal emotional resources become available

Psychometric validation of the Spanish version of the Patient-Doctor Relationship Questionnaire (PDRQ).

INTRODUCTION: The main aim of this study was to make a Spanish adaption of the international Patient-Doctor Relationship Questionnaire (PDRQ) that assesses the quality of patient-doctor relationship in Spanish patients admitted to an Internal Medicine Service under conditions of regular clinical practice. METHOD: A total of 188 adult patients of 6 Internal Medicine physicians from a University Hospital in downtown Madrid were analyzed. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected and the PDRQ Spanish version questionnaire was administered. RESULTS: Results showed excellent psychometric data on reliability, factorial, and construct validity. Furthermore, based on scientific literature, criteria validity was determined, considering continuity of care as external criteria. Results ratify previous data related to positive relation between quality of doctor-patient relation and continuity of care. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish 13 item version of the PDRQ (CREM-P in Spanish) proved to be a valid instrument for assessing the quality of patient-doctor relation in adult patients, with clinical and research value.

Validación psicométrica de la versión española del Cuestionario de Relaciones Médico-Paciente (CREM-P) / Psychometric validation of the Spanish version of the Patient-Doctor Relationship Questionnaire (PDRQ)

Introducción. El principal objetivo del presente estudio fue la adaptación del instrumento internacional Patient-Doctor Relationship Questionnaire (PDRQ) que evalúa la calidad de la relación médico-paciente a una muestra española de pacientes de Medicina Interna en condiciones de práctica clínica habitual. Método. Fueron evaluados 188 pacientes de 6 médicos especialistas en Medicina Interna de un Hospital Universitario de Madrid capital. Se recogieron información clínica y sociodemográfica y fue administrada la traducción española del cuestionario PDRQ. Resultados. Los resultados indicaron niveles altos en fiabilidad, validez factorial y validez de contenido. Asimismo, a partir de los resultados obtenidos en la literatura científica se procedió al estudio de la validez criterial utilizando como criterio externo la continuidad del cuidado. Los resultados refrendan datos previos sobre la relación positiva entre calidad de la relación médico-paciente y continuidad del cuidado. Conclusiones. El cuestionario final obtenido (CREM-P )de 13 ítems se muestra como un instrumento fiable, válido y de fácil cumplimentación, diseñado para permitir la evaluación tanto en contextos clínicos como de investigación (AU)

Introduction. The main aim of this study was to make a Spanish adaption of the international Patient-Doctor Relationship Questionnaire (PDRQ) that assesses the quality of patient-doctor relationship in Spanish patients admitted to an Internal Medicine Service under conditions of regular clinical practice. Method. A total of 188 adult patients of 6 Internal Medicine physicians from a University Hospital in downtown Madrid were analyzed. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected and the PDRQ Spanish version questionnaire was administered. Results. Results showed excellent psychometric data on reliability, factorial, and construct validity. Furthermore, based on scientific literature, criteria validity was determined, considering continuity of care as external criteria. Results ratify previous data related to positive relation between quality of doctor-patient relation and continuity of care. Conclusions. The Spanish 13 item version of the PDRQ (CREM-P in Spanish) proved to be a valid instrument for assessing the quality of patient-doctor relation in adult patients, with clinical and research value (AU)

Professional burnout among Spanish medical oncologists.

INTRODUCTION: Studies on physician burnout in Spain show a significant presence of the syndrome among our professionals. Some studies highlight the speciality of medical oncology as one of the most affected. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of burnout syndrome among the group of medical oncologists affiliated to the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), as well as to assess the weight of sociodemographic variables, background and consequences involved in the process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An anonymous protocol was posted to medical oncologist members of the SEOM (n=795). This protocol comprised a scale of sociodemographic variables and three scales of the Medical Professional Burnout Questionnaire. In response we received 200 complete protocols and statistical analyses were conducted with the programme SPSS, version 14.0. RESULTS: The sample showed high burnout levels in the areas of exhaustion and loss of expectations, with perception of time pressure to conduct work and social deterioration perceived in the profession as the two background elements with the greatest weight to explain the syndrome. The health consequences (physical and emotional) for the phy - sician are clear. Initial results show that conducting research and lecturing tasks could be a protective factor against developing the syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the importance of developing prevention and intervention lines for medical oncology burnout. In this sense, issues such as work time management and motivational aspects related to research tasks could be worth considering.

Professional burnout among Spanish medical oncologists

INTRODUCTION: Studies on physician burnout in Spain show a significant presence of the syndrome among our professionals. Some studies highlight the speciality of medical oncology as one of the most affected. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of burnout syndrome among the group of medical oncologists affiliated to the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), as well as to assess the weight of sociodemographic variables, background and consequences involved in the process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An anonymous protocol was posted to medical oncologist members of the SEOM (n=795). This protocol comprised a scale of sociodemographic variables and three scales of the Medical Professional Burnout Questionnaire. In response we received 200 complete protocols and statistical analyses were conducted with the programme SPSS, version 14.0. RESULTS: The sample showed high burnout levels in the areas of exhaustion and loss of expectations, with perception of time pressure to conduct work and social deterioration perceived in the profession as the two background elements with the greatest weight to explain the syndrome. The health consequences (physical and emotional) for the phy - sician are clear. Initial results show that conducting research and lecturing tasks could be a protective factor against developing the syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the importance of developing prevention and intervention lines for medical oncology burnout. In this sense, issues such as work time management and motivational aspects related to research tasks could be worth considering (AU)

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Insomnio y calidad del sueño en médicos de atención primaria: una perspectiva de género / Insomnia and quality of sleep among primary care pshycians: A gender perspective

Objetivo. Se trata de explorar la prevalencia del insomnio y la calidad del sueño en una muestra de médicos de atención primaria desde una perspectiva de género. Sujetos y métodos. Se seleccionó una muestra representativa compuesta por 240 médicos de 70 centros de atención primaria de la Comunidad de Madrid. La tasa de respuesta fue del 71,6%. El cuestionarioincluía información sociodemográfica, síntomas de insomnio según los criterios del Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales (DSM-IV) y el índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh (ICSP). Resultados. El 18,8% del total de a muestra cumplió los criterios diagnósticos de insomnio del DSM-IV, con una mayor frecuencia en las mujeres (23%) comparadascon los hombres (9,6%). El mismo patrón apareció en el despertar antes de lo deseado y en el malestar diurno. La relación entre género e insomnio se confirmó mediante análisis de regresión binaria, controlando las variables sociodemográficas. Además, los resultados indicaron que las mujeres obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente mayores que las de los hombres en el índice ICSP y en sus componentes. Una puntuación global igual o mayor de 5 en el ICSP resulta un criterio válido desde el punto de vista clínico para discriminar entre buenos y malos durmientes. Mediante este criterio, puede considerarseque el 35,4% de los médicos encuestados era mal durmiente, y es significativamente mayor el porcentaje de mujeres que cumplía dicho criterio (el 40% frente al 25,3%). Conclusiones. Los datos indican una elevada prevalencia de las alteraciones del sueño en médicos de atención primaria, especialmente entre las mujeres

Aim. To assess insomnia and sleep quality in primary care physicians from a gender perspective. Subjects and methods. A representative sample of 240 physicians was drawn from 70 medical centers from the Madrid Autonomous region. The participation rate was 71.6%. The questionnaire included sociodemographic data, insomnia symptomatology using DSM-IVcriteria and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results. 18.8% of the total sample met DSM-IV criteria for insomnia diagnosis, with higher frequency among women (23%) compared to men (9.6%). The same pattern appeared for early morning awakening and daytime impairment.Results of logistic regression analyses showed that, after controlling for sociodemographic variables, this relationship between gender and insomnia remained significant. Furthermore, the results indicate that women scored significantly higher than men on global sleep quality and on its components. A PSQI global score= or > 5 is an optimal cut-off score for distinguishing good sleepers from subjects with clinical sleep problems. Following this criteria, 35.4% of physicians had sleep problems, with a significant higher prevalence among women (40% vs. 25.3%).Conclusions. The data indicates that the prevalence of sleep disturbances is high among primary care physicians, especially among women

[Insomnia and quality of sleep among primary care physicians: a gender perspective]. / Insomnio y calidad del sueño en médicos de atención primaria: una perspectiva de género.

AIM: To assess insomnia and sleep quality in primary care physicians from a gender perspective. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A representative sample of 240 physicians was drawn from 70 medical centers from the Madrid Autonomous region. The participation rate was 71.6%. The questionnaire included sociodemographic data, insomnia symptomatology using DSM-IV criteria and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RESULTS: 18.8% of the total sample met DSM-IV criteria for insomnia diagnosis, with higher frequency among women (23%) compared to men (9.6%). The same pattern appeared for early morning awakening and daytime impairment. Results of logistic regression analyses showed that, after controlling for sociodemographic variables, this relationship between gender and insomnia remained significant. Furthermore, the results indicate that women scored significantly higher than men on global sleep quality and on its components. A PSQI global score = or > 5 is an optimal cut-off score for distinguishing good sleepers from subjects with clinical sleep problems. Following this criteria, 35.4% of physicians had sleep problems, with a significant higher prevalence among women (40% vs. 25.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The data indicates that the prevalence of sleep disturbances is high among primary care physicians, especially among women.

Relación entre variables sociodemográficas y clínicas y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal / Relationship between socio-demographic and clinical variables, and health-related quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Objetivo: el objetivo principal del presente trabajo consiste en evaluar la influencia de las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de los pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Pacientes y método: se trata de un estudio transversal. La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud se investigó utilizando el “Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire” (IBDQ). Un total de 120 pacientes, 60 con colitis ulcerosa y 60 con enfermedad deCrohn participaron en el estudio. Resultados: no se apreciaron diferencias significativas en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en las dimensiones delIBDQ en función de la enfermedad, sin embargo, tras el análisis multivariante, el sexo, el tipo de tratamiento, las manifestaciones extradigestivas, el número de recaídas anual, la satisfacción con la cirugía y la necesidad de apoyo psicológico aparecieron relacionadascon la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud.Conclusiones: la identificación de las variables de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal parece vinculada básicamente a elementos externos al tipo de enfermedad. El conocimiento de tales elementos puede resultar muy útil para orientar y modificar factores específicosen futuras actuaciones

Objective: the principal aim of the present study is to evaluate the influence of socio-demographic and clinical variables on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Patients and method: this was a cross-sectional study. health-related quality of life was measured with the Inflammatory ;;Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ). A total of 120 patients, 60 with ulcerative colitis and 60 with Crohn’s disease, participated in the study. Results: no significant differences were observed between ulcerative ;;colitis and Crohn’s disease patients in IBDQ dimensions. ;;However, a multivariate analysis revealed that sex, type of treatment, extraintestinal symptoms, number of relapses in previous year, satisfaction with surgery, and need for psychological support were related to HRQL. ;;Conclusions: the identification of these variables associated with HRQL in patients with inflammatory bowel disease shows them to be basically non-disease factors. Knowledge of such elements can turn out to be very useful in order to guide future research and modify specific factors in further interventions

El Burnout médico: la ansiedad y los procesos de afrontamiento como factores intervinientes / The Medical Burnout: anxiety and doping process as relevant factors

Actualmente, no existen muchas investigaciones donde se consideren variables tanto ambientales como de personalidad en el estudio del burnout como proceso. La presente investigación plantea dos objetivos centrales: evaluar el nivel de significación de la ansiedad y las estrategias de afrontamiento en el proceso de burnout, y clarificar la relación empírica entre ellas. En una muestra de 130 profesionales médicos de ocho hospitales públicos de Madrid se les administró los cuestionarios Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach y Jackson, 1986), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, Gorsuch y Lushene, 1988), Ways of Coping Checklist (Lazarus y Folkman, 1984) y el Cuestionario de Afrontamiento Médico Situacional (Moreno-Jiménez y Seminotti, 1998). Las variables independientes fueron: género, estado civil, grupo médico, experiencia clínica, edad y especialidad. Los resultados mostraron una relación significativa entre las variables dependientes y el género, grupo médico y la edad mediante análisis multivariante MANOVA. El análisis de regresión por pasos mostró resultados relevantes para determinar un modelo teórico situacional del proceso de Burnout

To date there are not many studies focused on burnout like a process, where both environment and personality variables are considered. The present study had two central aims: to test what variables significantly effect the burnout process, and to clarify the empirical relationship between anxiety, coping styles and burnout. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach y Jackson, 1986), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, Gorsuch y Lushene, 1988), the Ways of Coping Checklist (Lazarus y Folkman, 1984) and the Situational Medical Coping (Moreno-Jimenez y Seminotti, 1998) were administered to a sample of 130 physicians who work in eight public hospitals in Madrid. The independent variables were gender, marital status, medical group, clinical experience, age and speciality. Results showed a strong relationship among the dependent variables in gender, medical group and age through the GLM Multivariate MANOVA. A stepwise regression analysis provided relevant results to determine the theoretical situational model in Burnout process

Relationship between socio-demographic and clinical variables, and health-related quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

OBJECTIVE: The principal aim of the present study is to evaluate the influence of socio-demographic and clinical variables on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. PATIENTS AND METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study. health-related quality of life was measured with the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ). A total of 120 patients, 60 with ulcerative colitis and 60 with Crohn s disease, participated in the study. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between ulcerative colitis and Crohn s disease patients in IBDQ dimensions. However, a multivariate analysis revealed that sex, type of treatment, extraintestinal symptoms, number of relapses in previous year, satisfaction with surgery, and need for psychological support were related to HRQL. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of these variables associated with HRQL in patients with inflammatory bowel disease shows them to be basically non-disease factors. Knowledge of such elements can turn out to be very useful in order to guide future research and modify specific factors in further interventions.

La evaluacion del burnout profesional. Factoriallzacion del MBI-GS. Un análisis preliminar / The assessment of bournout in work settings: MBI-GS factor preliminary analysis

Los estudios efectuados con el MBI-HSS (Maslach Sumont Inventory; Human Services Survey) han mostrado repetidamente problemas en su aplicación a trabajos no asistenciales, especialmente en lo que respecta a la subescala de Despersonalización. La aparición en 1996 del MBI-GS (Maslach Burnont Inventory; General Survey; Maslach, Jackson y Leiter, 1996) suplia esas deficiencias en ámbitos laborales no asistenciales y enriquecía el modelo teórico. El presente artículo porpone adaptar al castellano el MBI-GS y comprobar sus características psicométricas en una versión en castellano mediante su aplicación a una muestra de 114 administrativos. Los análisis factoriales y de consistencia efectuados indican que los datos encontrados se corresponden con bastante exactitud al modelo teórico presentado (AU)

Previous studies using MBI-HSS(Maslach Burnout lnventory; Human Services Survey) have repeatedly shown problems with its application to non-assistant works, in particular referring the depersonalisation scale. The 1996 MBI-GS theoretical scale (Maslach Burnout Inventory; General Survey; Maslach, Jackson y Leiter, 1996) was able to overcome the deficiencies previously experienced in the non-assistant labour field even improving the theoretical model. This article focuses on the adaption of the MBI-GS scale to a Spanish audience and examines its psychometric characteristics in a sample of 114 administrative workers. The factorial and consistancy anaIysis have showed that the findings produced in this study are similar to those produced by the orginal theoretical model (AU)