Tratamiento anestésico de la corrección quirúrgica del encefalomielomeningocele en un neonato / No disponible

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Bioabsorbable osteofixation devices in craniosynostosis. Clinical experience in 216 cases.

INTRODUCTION: The pursuit of bone fixation systems capable of affording appropriate stability for osteosynthesis has gone through several stages from the use of metal wires, plates, and screws to the current stage of bioabsorbable systems. In our Pediatric Neurosurgery Service and Craniofacial Surgery Unit we began employing these systems in June 1997. The object of this paper is to present a review of the bioabsorbable materials most commonly used in pediatric age, and more specifically in treating craniosynostosis, to describe the characteristics of each one of them and our experience. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From June 1997 to May 2006 we implanted bioabsorbable fixation systems in 216 patients diagnosed with craniosynostosis. Age at treatment ranged between 4 and 24 months (mean age 6.38 months). Brain computed tomography (CT) scans, and three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of CT scans were performed before and after treatment. An 82: 18 L-lactic acid: glycolic acid copolymer was used in 92.2% of these cases, and a 70:30 L-lactic acid: D-lactic acid copolymer was used in the remaining 7.8% of cases. The follow-up of the patients ranged between six months and five years. RESULTS: There was no displacement of bioabsorbable plates or screws in any case. In one case (0.46%), radiological imaging revealed osteolysis underneath the implant eight months after the surgical procedure. Prominences caused by the plates and screws employed were visible in two cases (0.93%). We found fractures in the osteosynthesis mesh in two patients (0.93%). Four patients (1.85%) presented local inflammation. No alterations of cranial morphology secondary to inadequate stability were observed. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Bioabsorbable fixation systems provide excellent stability during the bone "healing" period, without a higher complication rate than with other systems. 2) They help the bone grafts keep their remodeled shape. 3) They promote reossification by preventing the bone grafts from moving after osteosynthesis. 4) No interference with normal growth of the cranial vault has been observed.

Bioabsorbable osteofixation devices in craniosynostosis. Clinical experience in216 cases

Introduction: The pursuit of bone fixation systems capable of affording appropriate stability for osteosynthesis has gone through several stages from the use of metal wires, plates, and screws to the current stage of bioabsorbable systems. In our Pediatric Neurosurgery Service and Craniofacial Surgery Unit we began employing these systems in June 1997. The object of this paper is to present a review of the bioabsorbable materials most commonly used in pediatric age, and more specifically in treating craniosynostosis, to describe the characteristics of each one of them and our experience. Patients and methods: From June 1997 to May 2006 we implanted bioabsorbable fixation systems in 216 patients diagnosed with craniosynostosis. Age at treatment ranged between 4 and 24 months (mean age 6, 38 months). Brain computed tomography (CT) scans, and three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of CT scans were performed before and after treatment. An 82: 18 L-lactic acid: glycolic acid copolymer was used in 92.2% of these cases, and a 70:30 L-lactic acid: D-lactic acid copolymer was used in the remaining 7.8% of cases. The follow-up of the patients ranged between six months and five years. Results: There was no displacement of bioabsorbable plates or screws in any case. In one case (0.46%), radiological imaging revealed osteolysis underneath the implant eight months after the surgical procedure. Prominences caused by the plates and screws employed were visible in two cases (0.93%). We found fractures in the osteosynthesis mesh in two patients (0.93%). Four patients (1.85%) presented local inflammation. No alterations of cranial morphology secondary to inadequate stability were observed. Conclusions: 1) Bioabsorbable fixation systems provide excellent stability during the bone "healing" period, without a higher complication rate than with other systems. 2) They help the bone grafts keep their remodeled shape. 3) They promote reossification by preventing the bone grafts from moving after osteosynthesis. 4) No interference with normal growth of the cranial vault has been observed (AU)

Introducción: La búsqueda de sistemas de fijación ósea que proporcionen la estabilidad adecuada para favorecer una osteosíntesis, ha dado lugar a diferentes etapas. Desde la utilización de hilos de alambre, placas y tornillos metálicos hasta la etapa actual en la que se utilizan sistemas bioabsorbibles. En nuestro Servicio de Neurocirugía Pediátrica y Unidad de Cirugía Craneofacial comenzamos a utilizar estos sistemas en Junio de 1997. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión de los materiales bioabsorbibles utilizados en la edad pediátrica, concretamente en craneosinostosis, aportando información sobre las características de cada uno de ellos y nuestra experiencia. Pacientes y métodos: Desde Junio de 1997 a Mayo de 2006, hemos utilizado sistemas de fijación bioabsobible en 216 pacientes diagnosticados de craneosinostosis. Las edades oscilaron entre 4 y 24 meses cuando se realizó el tratamiento (la edad media fue 6,38 meses). Todos los casos fueron estudiados con escáner cerebral y reconstrucción tridimensional antes y después del tratamiento. En el 92,2% de los casos el copolímero utilizado fue el formado por los ácidos L-Láctico y Glicolico en las proporciones de 82/18 y en el 7,8% restante el sistema formado por el copolímero de los ácidos L-Láctico y D-Láctico en la proporción de 70/30. El período de seguimiento ha oscilado entre 6 meses y 5 años. Resultados: No hubo desplazamientos de placas o tornillos bioabsorbibles en ningún caso. En un caso (0.46%), 8 meses después de la intervención se diagnosticó radiológicamente una imagen de osteolísis subyacente al implante. En dos pacientes (0.93%) se apreciaron relieves cutáneos debidos a las placas y tornillos utilizados. En dos casos (0.93%) fueron visibles a nivel frontal, prominencias por fracturas de las mallas de osteosíntesis. En cuatro ocasiones (1.85%) se apreciaron zonas de inflamación cutánea local. En ningún caso hemos observado alteraciones de la morfología craneal secundarias a una insuficiente estabilidad. Conclusiones: 1) Los sistemas de fijación bioabsorbibles proporcionan una estabilidad ideal durante la fase de “curación” ósea sin aumentar el porcentaje de complicaciones con respecto a los sistemas que previesen nuestra experiencia. 2) Favorecen el mantenimiento de la forma dada a los fragmentos óseos en la remodelación. 3) Facilitan la reosificación al impedir los movimientos de los fragmentos óseos una vez realizada la osteosíntesis. 4) No se han detectado interferencias con el crecimiento normal de la bóveda craneal (AU)

Enigmas y confusiones en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la plagiocefalia posicional. Protocolo asistencial / Doubts and confusions in the diagnosis and treatment of positional plagiocephaly. Management protocol

Introducción La plagiocefalia posicional es actualmente la causa más frecuente de asistencia en una consulta de neurocirugía pediátrica, tanto en España como en todos los países occidentales. A ello se suma la considerable confusión existente en la literatura especializada en relación a aspectos como la terminología, conceptos fisiopatológicos, diagnóstico diferencial con la craneosinostosis y por supuesto en el tratamiento más adecuado que hay que seguir. Objetivos Intentar clarificar estos conceptos y además presentar un protocolo de asistencia que nos ha solicitado recientemente la Administración Sanitaria de la Comunidad de Madrid. Protocolo Pretende lograr la coordinación entre pediatras y neurocirujanos, así como conseguir una información precisa de los principales datos de esta patología para los familiares, pediatras y neurocirujanos. Material y métodos Se establecen una serie de datos de consenso. Los niños son clasificados en 3 grados de deformación (leve, moderada y grave) según los índices medidos en fotografías digitales. Además el proceso del diagnóstico y tratamiento tiene dos fases: fase pediátrica (hasta los 5 meses de edad) y fase neuroquirúrgica (desde los 5 meses de edad). Los niños serán enviados a neurocirugía después de haber sido tratados con tratamiento posicional y rehabilitación y solamente a partir de los 5 meses de edad. Las razones de todo ello son explicadas en el protocolo que define también las funciones y responsabilidades de cada especialista. Conclusiones El tratamiento que se propone es escalonado, comenzando por las medidas posicionales y de rehabilitación, seguidas de ortesis craneal y en último lugar del tratamiento quirúrgico

Introduction Positional plagiocephaly is currently the most frequent cause of consultation at pediatric neurosurgical departments in Spain and other western countries. There is considerable confusion in the literature on the terminology and physiopathology of this deformity, as well as its differential diagnosis with true synostosis and treatment recommendations. Objectives To clarify these concepts and present a protocol for the management of positional plagiocephaly, which was recently requested by the Health Administration of the Community of Madrid. Protocol The protocol aims to achieve coordination among pediatricians and neurosurgeons, as well as to provide precise information on this deformity for parents, pediatricians and neurosurgeons. Material and methods Previous consensus was reached on a series of data. Infants were classified into three categories of deformity (mild, moderate, severe) according to measurements on digital photographs. Diagnosis and treatment follows two phases: a pediatric phase (up to 5 months of age) and a neurosurgical phase (from 5 months onwards). Infants are referred to neurosurgical consultation only after being treated with postural changes and physiotherapy and only after reaching the age of 5 months. The reasons for this approach are explained in the protocol, which also defines the functions and responsibilities of each specialty. Conclusion The treatment proposed in the protocol is staged, starting with postural changes and physiotherapy, followed by orthotic cranial devices and finally surgical treatment

[Treatment of sagital craniosynostosis (scaphocephaly) by means of immediate surgical correction]. / Tratamiento de la craneosinostosis sagital (escafocefalia), por medio de la corrección quirúrgica inmediata.

INTRODUCTION: From 1983 to 1994, a total of 86 patients having scaphocephaly were studied and treated in our Craniofacial Unit. The present study involves 60 patients treated between 1988 and 1994 which were operated upon with the same surgical technique and that which is currently being used in our department. The surgical approach and results are analyzed. CLINICAL MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients having scaphocephaly represented 47.51% out of the total 181 children having craniosynostosis and craniofacial synostosis during this period. All of the patients were studied with computerized tomography, with 10 of them having continuous monitoring of their intracranial pressure. All children in this series were treated according to a new surgical technique that achieves an "immediate correction" of the malformation. RESULTS: No patient had abnormal neurological findings and intracranial pressure (ICP) was within normal limits in 0 out of 10 patients having continuous ICP monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: The minimal complications and the excellent cosmetic results have resulted in an optimal surgical technique. The importance of an early diagnosis and surgical treatment of sagittal synostosis is emphasized.

Intraocular hemorrhage in sudden increased intracranial pressure (Terson syndrome).

We examined 19 cases with SAH, 4 of which presented intraocular hemorrhages (retinal, subhyaloid and in vitreous). The mortality rate was 50% when the intraocular hemorrhages were present compared to 20% when they were absent.